Cao Cao (155-March 15, 220[1]), whose courtesy name was Mengde, whose last name was Jili, and whose nickname was Amo, was from Qiao County, Peiguo (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). He was an outstanding politician, militarist, writer, and calligrapher in the late Eastern Han Dynasty[2], and the founder of the Cao Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms.
Cao Cao served as the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty and was later granted the title of King of Wei, laying the foundation for the founding of Cao Wei. After his death, his posthumous title was King Wu. After his son Cao Pi became emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu, with the temple name Taizu.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In the name of the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao conquered all directions, internally eliminated the separatist forces such as Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao, Ma Chao, and Han Sui, and externally surrendered the Southern Xiongnu, Wuhuan, Xianbei, etc. , unified northern China, and implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, expand farmland, build water conservancy projects, reward farmers and mulberry trees, attach importance to handicrafts, resettle the exiled population, and implement "rent modulation", thus gradually stabilizing the society and economy of the Central Plains. There's a turning point. [3] Under Cao Cao's rule in the Yellow River Basin, politics gradually became clearer, the economy gradually recovered, class oppression was slightly alleviated, and the social atmosphere improved. Some of the measures taken by Cao Cao in the name of the Han Dynasty had a positive effect. [4]
Cao Cao was skilled in military tactics and good at poetry. He expressed his political ambitions and reflected the suffering life of the people in the late Han Dynasty. He was majestic, generous and desolate. His prose was also clear and tidy, which opened and prospered Jian'an literature. , leaving precious spiritual wealth to future generations, Lu Xun evaluated him as "the ancestor of reforming articles." At the same time, Cao Cao was also good at calligraphy. Zhang Huaiguan of the Tang Dynasty rated Cao Cao's calligraphy as "wonderful" in "Shujuan".
[5] Xiang Yu[1] (232 BC - 202 BC), Xiang family, Mi [mǐ] surname, given name, courtesy name Yu, the lower minister of the Chu Kingdom (now Suqian, Jiangsu Province) He is the grandson of Xiang Yan, the famous general of the Chu State. He is a military strategist and a representative figure of the Chinese military thought "Military Situation" (the four forces of military strategists: military situation, military strategy, military yin and yang, and military skills). He is also a general famous for his outstanding personal force. . Li Wanfang commented on his "feather's bravery, unparalleled throughout history".
In his early years, Xiang Yu followed his uncle Xiang Liang in an uprising against Qin in Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). After Xiang Liang was killed, he led his army across the river to rescue King Xie of Zhao, and defeated the leaders of Zhang Han and Wang Li in the Battle of Julu. The main force of the Qin army. After the death of Qin, he was called the Overlord of Western Chu and made his capital Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province). He implemented a feudal system and enfeoffed the heroes of Qin and the nobles of the six countries as kings. Then Han King Liu Bang sent troops from Hanzhong to attack Xiang Yu, and Xiang Yu launched a four-year Chu-Han War with him. During this period, although he repeatedly defeated Liu Bang, Xiang Yu was never able to have a fixed supply from the rear. He ran out of food and grass, and was suspicious of his father Fan Zeng. In the end, he was captured. Destroyed by Liu Bang. In 202 BC, Xiang Yu was defeated at Gaixia (now south of Lingbi County, Anhui Province), broke through to Wujiang (now Wujiang Town, He County, Anhui Province) and committed suicide. [