Chapter 1: Old City Gate of Chongqing
There are seventeen city gates in the old city of Chongqing, which are constructed by the image of Nine Palaces and Eight Diagrams to show the meaning of "Jincheng Tang Chi". There are nine gates that are specially designed to carry the water from the two rivers into the city. Because of the frequent fires in the city, the government thought that the floodgates could not control Mars, so it closed eight of them. The water gates that close Eight Roads are Cuiwei Gate, Wanglongmen Gate, Renhe Gate, Fenghuang Gate, Jintang Gate, Dingyuan Gate, Hongya Gate and Xishuimen. Open nine gates: Chaotianmen, Dongshuimen, Taipingmen, Chuqimen, Jinzimen and Nanjimen, all of which face the Yangtze River. In addition, there are Linjiang Gate to the north, Qiansi Gate to the Jialing River and Tongyuan Gate to the west. A "Chongqing Song" recorded the function of 17 gates with nine openings, eight closures in ancient times.
Chongqing Song
Chaotianmen, a big pier, welcomes officials and receives saints (opens).
Cuiwei door, with colorful satin and bright five colors (closed).
A thousand doors, steamed stuffed buns and snow as silver (open).
Hongya Gate, the boat is wide open, killing chickens to worship God (closed).
Linjiangmen, Dung Wharf, and Fertile Land have a foundation (open).
tai' anmen, too close, accumulate grain and benefit the people (closed).
Go to the far gate, gongs and drums ring, and watch the dead buried (open).
Golden Soup Gate, wooden coffin, neat size (closed).
nanjimen, cabbage sprouts, gushed out and poured in (opened).
phoenix gate, Sichuan road turns, cattle and sheep flock (closed).
Chuqimen, a medicine gang, cures all diseases.
jinzimen, just opposite, the yamen of Zhentai (open).
the fire exit, the old drum tower, is accurate (open).
at Renhe Gate, the cannon sounded, and the general manager went on patrol (closed).
Dingyuan Gate, Jiaochang Dam, wielding knives and sticks (closed).
Fuxingmen, galloping, as fast as clouds (closing).
Dongshuimen, Zhenwushan, Sifang ancient well (open).
how many historical and cultural relics have survived the 3,-year-old Bayu culture? As far as the city wall culture is concerned, the ancient city of Chongqing has 17 gates, which has undergone 6 years of vicissitudes, including the emergency gate just rediscovered in July. Now there are only four ancient city gates: Tongyuanmen, Dongshuimen, Renhe Gate and Emergency Gate. Tongyuanmen and Dongshuimen are well preserved and the traffic is convenient. Tongyuan Gate is located in Qixinggang, and Dongshuimen, Taipingmen and Renhe Gate are located along Changbin Road, which are not far apart and need to be reached on foot.
1. Access to the Far Gate
At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Mongolian troops invaded Chengdu, Song Jun retreated to Chongqing, and Peng Daya became the magistrate of Chongqing. Peng Daya did his best to expand and repair Chongqing City, extending northward to the Jialing River, and westward to the front line of Linjiangmen and Tongyuanmen, which was roughly twice as large as Jiangzhou City expanded by Li Yan, laying a general pattern from then on to the ancient city of Chongqing in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
It's the old road that Chongqing people used to take when they went to Jie Fangbei. However, we can know that the two tunnels that are open to traffic are not really far doors, and the small doorway that needs to be stepped up next to it is the authentic far door.
To get to Tongyuanmen, you can take Rail Transit Line 1 and exit at Qixinggang Station 1, and walk for 3 meters. You can also take buses 465, 45 and 612 and get off at Qixinggang.
Second, Dongshuimen
Dongshuimen is located in the east of Yuzhong Peninsula, just under the pier on the side of Dongshuimen Bridge under construction near Changbin Road. The unique feature of the city gate is that it is not facing the river, but facing the north, and the newly built "Wind Gallery" next to it leads directly to Huguang Hall. In the past, Dongshuimen has always been the main port for people in the city to cross the river by ferry to the south bank to purchase outings and go to Yunnan and Guizhou. In the Qing Dynasty, most foreign businessmen arrived in Chongqing by water, from Dongshuimen. In and out of the bustling crowd of vendors, it finally created his position as the most prosperous business district. Things have changed, and the gate of Dongshuimen has witnessed the busy past of many businessmen in long gowns, officials sitting on poles, and kungfu.
From Tongyuanmen to Dongshuimen, you can take 418 to Xiaoshizi and get off at Daomen Station. It's about 4 kilometers by taxi.
III. Taipingmen Chapter II: Memories of the Ancient City-Old City Gate of Beijing
The ancient capital Beijing is designed symmetrically and neatly, with great boldness of vision, which is unparalleled in the world. Among the many buildings in Beijing, the city gates and towers are the most impressive ones to show the grandeur of the ancient capital. However, with the rapid changes, Beijing has long lost sight of the old days. The original city wall became a thoroughfare, and the city gate was only preserved as a place name. Now there are only three remaining ones-Zhengyangmen, Deshengmen Arched Tower and Yongdingmen.
Pursuing the changes of the city gate, we can vaguely hear the twilight of old Beijing, see the bright armor of the guards and feel the changing blood shed. With the evolution of history, the gates of prestige have dissipated in the years, and they can't be touched or seen, but they can't be ignored, just like the warriors who can't be ignored in history.
As the old people in Beijing know, there is a saying about the city gates of Beijing, which is called "the inner nine and the outer seven, the imperial city four, nine gates and eight bells". It refers to the gates of the inner city, the outer city and the imperial city of Beijing, and they have different names, uses and characteristics.
The "Neijiu" refers to Dongzhimen and Chaoyangmen in the east; Xizhimen and Fuchengmen in the west; Deshengmen and Andingmen in the north; Chongwen Gate, Zhengyang Gate (front gate) and Xuanwu Gate in the south. "Outer Seven" refers to the outer city gate that was built in the thirty-second year of Jiajing in order to strengthen the city defense. Parallel to the "first three doors" in the northernmost part and the inner city are Dongbian Gate and Xibian Gate, with Guangqu Gate and Guang 'an Gate on the east and west, and Zuo 'an Gate, You 'an Gate and Yongding Gate leading directly to Zhengyang Gate on the south.
In the early years, the city walls and gates of Beijing were ancient military fortifications, and their structures all embodied military purposes. Due to the different location and importance, the inner city walls are generally thicker, the gates are relatively tall and there are many openings. The outer city wall is relatively thin, and the gate is relatively short. For example, the gate of Zuo 'anmen has only one floor and only one doorway. But in general, the gates of Beijing are composed of three parts: the watchtower, the watchtower and the urn.
It's very interesting that the old city gate in Beijing has even influenced today's calligraphy. I don't know if you have noticed, but none of the words "door" on the plaque of Jiumen Gate Tower in Beijing has a hook. Why isn't the word "door" hooked? According to legend, the emperor is the favored son of heaven and the reincarnation of the real dragon. Therefore, the emperor is sick, saying that the dragon body is expensive; The emperor lost his temper and said that he was angry; The emperor was happy, saying that the dragon heart is a thing in the water, and everything in the water is not afraid of hooks. Fishing and shrimp fishing have to use hooks. Since the emperor is reincarnated as a real dragon, how can there be a hook where the emperor lives? Therefore, the last stroke of the word "door" in the inner nine doors is straight and there is no hook.
Zhengyangmen (1)
Zhengyangmen was the south gate of the inner city of Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, located on the central axis of Beijing, and was commonly known as the "front gate" by the people because it was in front of the imperial city. Zhengyangmen, called the main entrance of Li in Yuan Dynasty, was named after "the sun, the moon and the sky are beautiful" in the divination. Beijingers like to call Zhengyangmen Arched Tower "Qianmenlou", and foreigners often appreciate the charm of Qianmenlou from the old "Daqianmen" cigarette packaging box. However, few people know that the front gate house that people have been accustomed to for many years is not an "original product". It turns out that the existing Qiangatehouse is a hybrid product of the combination of soil and foreign countries, which was rebuilt in 193 and transformed by foreigners in 1915.
The inner city of the old Beijing was rebuilt by the Yuan Dynasty in the early Ming Dynasty. There were 11 original gates in the Yuan Dynasty, and 9 were left after reconstruction, but there were only openings and no towers. In the first year of the Ming Dynasty (1436), towers were built for each gate, watchtowers were added, and a circle of urn was built between the towers and watchtowers. Zhengyangmen Arrow Tower was built at that time.
Zhengyangmen, as the main entrance of Beijing, occupies a prominent position, so the towers and embrasured towers are taller than the other eight gates. Moreover, there is no doorway under the other eight watchtowers (for example, there is no doorway under the existing Deshengmen watchtower), and pedestrians have to walk away from the doorway of the gate building on the side of Wengcheng. Only there are doorways on both sides of Zhengyangmen Wengcheng, and there are doorways under the Arrow Tower, which are only for the emperor to pass through, so it is called "Imperial Road". This rule lasted from the Ming and Qing dynasties until Yuan Shikai became president in 1912. It is worth mentioning that there is still a red-painted "thousand-pound brake" hanging in the doorway of Zhengyangmen Arrow Tower, which is a "security door" that can be quickly dropped in an emergency.
Chongwen Gate (2) and Xuanwu Gate (3)
There are Chongwen Gate in the east and Xuanwu Gate in the west of the inner city of Beijing. "Chongwen" means to respect culture, and "Xuanwu" means to promote Wuwei. The juxtaposition of the two city gates means "left writing and right martial arts" and "civilized Wu 'an". According to the theory of yin and yang and five elements, the east is wood, and the main life; In the west, gold is the main thing, so juren who entered Beijing to take the exam should enter Chongwenmen, the funeral of the dead should go through Xuanwumen, and the condemned prisoners were taken to the execution ground. In the Qing Dynasty, they also went out of Xuanwumen to Caishikou execution ground.
Chongwenmen was called Wenmingmen in Yuan Dynasty, or Hadamen. It is a "scenic gate" with the meaning of a bright and prosperous gate, and its symbol is the Chongwen Iron Turtle in Zhenhai. It is probably the busiest gate in Beijing. When it closes every day, it will ring a bell to remind people who want to enter and leave the gate. While other city gates tap a flat percussion instrument, which sounds like "Cuan", so there is a saying in old Beijing that "nine doors and eight Cuan (points) are one bell", and the "hour" often used in spoken English in old Beijing probably comes from this. All kinds of goods shipped from the south in the Ming and Qing Dynasties arrived in Tongzhou via the Grand Canal, and they all entered the city from Chongwenmen by land, where they were inspected and paid taxes. The imperial court set up a tax gate in Chongwenmen and sent special personnel to supervise it. Most of the fine wines of that year were shipped from Zhuozhou, Hebei and other places, so it is natural to take the south road when entering Beijing. The wine truck advanced to Zuo 'anmen in the outer city, and then went to Chongwenmen to pay taxes. There are also many bad shops outside Chongwen Gate, which used to smell of wine all the way, so it is nicknamed "Wine Gate".
Xuanwu Gate was called Shunchengmen in Yuan Dynasty, and the noon cannon on the urn rang every day, which shocked Beijing. People in Beijing called it Xuanwu noon cannon. Xuanwu Gate is a "dead gate". At that time, most cemeteries in Beijing were in Taoranting area of Beijing, so there were many mourners in Xuanwu Gate. In Qing Dynasty, the execution ground was at Caishikou, and the cars escorting death row also went out of Xuanwu Gate. Therefore, there is a saying that "Chongwenmen enters the wine cart and Xuanwumen leaves the prison cart".
Andingmen (4) and Deshengmen (5)
Andingmen and Deshengmen are also two city gates with corresponding names. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the army went to war and went to Deshengmen. After winning the battle, the victorious squad had to enter the city from Andingmen (there are also different sayings about going out of Andingmen and returning to Deshengmen). Deshengmen was called Jiandemen in the Yuan Dynasty. It is explained that when Xu Da led an army to attack Beijing at the beginning, Yuan Shundi escaped from Jiandemen in the west of the North City of the Yuan Dynasty. Xu Da renamed Jiandemen to commemorate this victory. Later, the city wall moved south and was renamed Deshengmen.
Andingmen, also called "Shengmen", means "abundance", so the emperor went out from this gate to pray for a good harvest in Ditan. Guandi Temple was built in the other eight city gates, but the Zhenwu Emperor Temple was built in Andingmen, and Zhenwu Emperor became the treasure of the town gate. There are many dung yards outside Andingmen, so dung trucks often go in and out from Andingmen.
Dongzhimen (6) and Xizhimen (7)
Dongzhimen was called Chongren Gate in the Yuan Dynasty, which is located to the north of the east wall of the inner city, and is the simplest of the nine gates in the inner city. It is said that when the city of Beijing was built, vehicles carrying wood were mostly transported into the capital from then on. Therefore, Dongzhimen is also called "wooden door". The treasure of the town gate is that there is an iron tower outside, and there is a stone-carved statue of the drug Lord inside.
Xizhimen, known as Heyimen in Yuan Dynasty, is marked by a stone engraved with water lines on the urn, and more water trucks are used. Due to the poor water quality in Beijing, the drinking water of the Ming and Qing dynasties was transported to the city by car from Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs. Yuquan Mountain is located in the northwest of Beijing. From Yuquan Mountain to Beijing, Xizhimen is the only way, so it is called Watergate.
Peace Gate, Jianguomen (8) and Fuxingmen (9)
Peace Gate, Jianguomen and Fuxingmen don't belong to the old city gates of No.7 Middle School in Old Beijing, but they were built on the city wall to facilitate traffic after the Japanese invaded China and occupied Beiping in the Republic of China, but they are quite different from the original city gates. They don't have towers, watchtowers and earthen jars. In fact, they just opened two arched voucher holes on the original city wall to allow vehicles and pedestrians to pass.
Yongdingmen (1)
Yongdingmen, located at the southern end of the central axis of Beijing, was the largest and most important outer city gate of the whole South City in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, meaning "eternal stability". In 1949, when Beiping was peacefully liberated, the People's Liberation Army of China entered the city from Yongdingmen for inspection, which made this tower have the connotation of revolutionary historical relics.
In order to restore the landscape of Beijing's central axis, the Yongdingmen Tower was finally rebuilt in 24 after being demolished for nearly half a century, reappearing the style at the peak of Qing Dynasty. At the same time of rebuilding Yongdingmen, Beijing Museum of Cultural Relics and Ancient Architecture found the stone plaque of Yongdingmen in Xiannongtan, rubbing the words on the plaque, making a new plaque to hang on the new city gate, and the original plaque with the words Yongdingmen is now stored in the Capital Museum.
Swedish scholar Xi Renlong once made an image metaphor for the walls and gates of Beijing: "If we compare it (Beijing) to the body of a giant, the gates are like the giant's mouth, and their breathing and speaking all pass through this way, and the pulse of life in the whole city is concentrated at the gates. From this, there are not only a large number of vehicles, pedestrians and livestock, but also people's thoughts and wishes, hopes and disappointments, as well as funerals and weddings symbolizing death or a new life. At the city gate, you can feel the pulse of the whole city, so that the life and will of the whole city flow through this narrow channel-this pulse gives Beijing, an extremely complex organism, the rhythm of life and movement. "
On the one hand, the disappearance of Beijing's city gates has promoted the development of economy and transportation, on the other hand, it has to make people feel sad that historical sites and architectural masterpieces have disappeared. Now I can only imagine sitting in a car galloping on the Second Ring Road, when the general guarding the city patrolled the city wall; I can only imagine standing in front of Deshengmen, and climb high to overlook the prosperity of Beijing! Part 3: Tour Guide Examination: A List of Tourism Slogans in Different Provinces
Shaanxi: Humanities Shaanxi, Mountains and Rivers Qinling
Shanghai: Discover more and experience more
Beijing: Welcome to Beijing Tourism
Tianjin: Pearl of Bohai Sea, Beautiful Tianjin
Hebei: Chengyi Yanzhao, Scenic spots in Hebei
Shanxi: Jin Shan Jin Mei
Inner Mongolia: Welcome to the beautiful Inner Mongolia
Liaoning: full of breezes and colorful Liaoning
Jilin: ecological Jilin, summer at 22
Heilongjiang: northern scenery, beauty in Heilongjiang
Jiangsu: beautiful mountains and watery waters, ancient rhyme and bright today
Zhejiang.