Seal script, in a broad sense, includes all calligraphy styles before official script and its extensions, such as oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, stone drum inscriptions, ancient Chinese script of the Six Kingdoms, small seal script, Miao seal script, stacked seal script, etc.; in a narrow sense, it mainly refers to 'big seal script' and 'Xiaozhuan'. The variant of seal script is extremely complicated. The ancients believed that the seal script was created by Cangjie, but this is not credible. Taishi Zhou, King of Zhou Xuan, wrote "Shi Zhou Pian", which was called "Da Zhuan" by the Han people, and the "Da Zhuan" article is detailed. Afterwards, the countries were divided and ruled, and the princes were in power, and the characters were in different shapes. Until the Qin Dynasty Prime Minister Li Si unified them, the Han people called them "Xiao Zhuan" and "Xiang Xiao Zhuan". The characters in the seal script are drawn in circles, and the structure is based on the meaning of the six books. Therefore, Sun Guoting of the Tang Dynasty said: "The seal script is graceful and clear"
Big Seal Script
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One of the ancient Chinese character styles. Its name first appeared in writings of the Han Dynasty, and is symmetrical with 'Xiao Zhuan'. In a broad sense, it refers to the writing and calligraphy styles before "Xiaozhuan", including oracle bone inscriptions, bell and tripod inscriptions, Zhouwen and Six Kingdoms scripts, etc.; in a narrow sense, it specifically refers to the writing defined by Zhou Xuan Wang Taishi Zhou, that is, "Zhouwen". The representative works of "big seal script" include "Shiguwen" and "Qin Gonggui" inscriptions.
籀文 (瀱书)
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The writing of the Zhou Dynasty is generally considered to be the 'big seal script'. It may be said that it is different from the big seal script, so it is called "籀篆", or even regarded as a "strange character". In a broad sense, "Zhenwen" includes large seal script, small seal script, ancient Chinese script, etc.; in a narrow sense, it only refers to the text of "Shi Zhou Pian", that is, the book of Zong Zhou. Li Si of the Qin Dynasty made the "small seal script" based on it, and then used Zhouwen as the "big seal script".
籀篆
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It is actually the same as '籀文', that is, 'big seal'. However, Zhang Huaiguan of the Tang Dynasty's "Shu Duan" volume is divided into "Chenwen" and "Dazhuan", and it is believed that "Chenwen was written by Zhou Taishi Zhou, and is slightly different from the ancient seal script". "Quan Yuyi" in the volume "Hanshan Broom Talk" written by Zhao Huanguang of the Ming Dynasty also held this view, believing that the first chapter in the seal script was "Chen Zhuan", "Curse Chu Wen", "Zhong Ding Shi", and "Xiao Tang Lu" , as well as the rhymes recorded in Yang's "Shu Tong" and the ancient seal scripts, which are consistent with those of Xu's "Zhen Shu". One is called "big seal script", which is what "Shigu Wen" is. 'Based on this, the 'Zhuan' written by Zhao is mostly the same as the 'Bronze Inscription'. Duan Yucai of the Qing Dynasty once tried his best to identify the fallacy in the notes of "Shuowen Jiezi·Xu" and believed that "籀篆" is actually "大篆". Recently, scholars have compromised between the two theories and believe that there is a difference between 'Zhuan' and 'Dazhuan' (mainly referring to "Shiguwen") in terms of fonts. Therefore, for example, Zhao Huanguang and others ranked "Xizhuan" in addition to "Dazhuan", and their theory is also reasonable.
Historical books
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There are two theories: (1) Refers to 'Zhenwen', which is the text of "Shi Zhoupian". (2) Refers to 'official script', and many scholars in the Qing Dynasty believe in this theory.
Stone Drum Inscriptions
The writings carved by the Qin Dynasty on ten drum-shaped stones. In the early Tang Dynasty, it was discovered in the plains three miles south of Yong County, Qizhou. Each drum contains a four-character poem, ten in a group, describing the fishing and hunting conditions at that time, so it is also called "Hunting Jie". Now in the collection of the Palace Museum, one drum has lost its characters, and the remaining nine drums are also in ruins. The famous rubbings handed down from the Northern Song Dynasty include the "Zhongquan", "Xianfeng" and "Huijin" copies of Ming Anguo's "Shiguzhai", which have been imported into Japan.
古籀
The collective name of '古文' and '籀文'. Xu Shen of the Han Dynasty wrote in "Shuowen Jiezi·Xu": "The modern seal script is combined with the ancient seal script." '
Xiao Zhen
Written by Xiao He, the Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty, he wrote a "bald pen script". Liu Youding noted in Volume 4 "Ancient Studies" of Zheng Piao's "Yanji" in the Yuan Dynasty: "Xiao He wrote Weiyang Palace, the front hall was completed, Tan Si thought about March, and wrote on his forehead, the viewer is like running water. Why use a bald pen to write, it was called at that time." Xiao Zhou'.
Bronze inscriptions
The collective name for the inscriptions on Yin and Zhou bronzes, formerly known as 'Zhong Ding Wen', 'Ji Jin Wen', and 'Kai Shiwen', which belongs to the large seal script system. The form of most seal scripts before Xiaozhuan has been eliminated, and it is an important material material for the study of ancient calligraphy. The "Bronze Inscriptions" written by Rong Geng is relatively complete and contains 1,894 characters of inscriptions. There is also an appendix. It has more than 1,200 words.
Zhongdingwen
It is called "Bronze Inscription". Ancient bronzes can generally be divided into two categories: ritual vessels and musical instruments. The most important ritual vessel is the tripod. Most of the musical instruments are bells, so "Zhong Ding" is the synonym for bronze.
'Zhong', most classics are 'Zhong'. The inscriptions on bronze vessels are collectively called "Zhongdingwen". Volume 55 of "Selected Works" "Liu Xiaobiaoguang's Theory of Severing Diplomacy": "The jade certificate was written and engraved on the bell and tripod." Li Shan annotated and quoted from "Mozi": "The carved plate was inscribed on the bell and tripod and passed down to later generations.
Kanshiwen
The word "Kanshi" refers to the words inscribed on the bronze vessels, as stated in "Jiao Si Zhi" in Volume 25 of "Hanshu". It is different from other tripods, with tatters of writing and no recognition. "Note:" Wei Zhao said: "Model means engraving." The tone style is anti-Japanese. 'Shi Gu said: 'Knowledge means remembering. The tone style is anti-Japanese. '" "Tongya" quotes "卮yan" and says: 'section' is a Yin script, concave; 'Shi' is a Yang script, protruding. "Bogu Lu" says: 'Section, is on the outside; Shi, is on the inside.' Inscriptions engraved on stone, bricks, tiles, gold, etc. can be generally referred to as inscriptions, but in a narrow sense, they specifically refer to the inscriptions on bronze vessels. According to Yuan Wu Qiu Yan's "Xue Gu Bian" 8 and "Zi Yuan Qi Bian", they are ancient inscriptions from the Six Kingdoms. : "The seventh one is knowledge of money. Those who are knowledgeable about literature are the literature of the princes' own country. In ancient times, the writings of the princes were written in different languages, so they had different shapes. The Qin Dynasty had small seal script, which was the beginning of the same method. "
Cao Zhuan
It is a seal script written hastily and quickly, hence the name. It has the characteristics of simple structure and continuous strokes. Ruan Yuan of the Qing Dynasty, "Ji Gu Zhai Zhong Ding Yi Utensils" Volume 4. "Yi Hai Ding Ming": "Cao Zhuan. The only ones that can be recognized are the words "Wang Jiuyue Yihai" and "Naiji Jin is used as a real respecting tripod and used as a filial piety". The rest cannot be fully recognized, because it is arbitrarily simplified and damaged. "
Ancient seal script
has two meanings: (1) generally refers to "ancient seal script" such as Guifu's "Thirty-Five Moves Continued" of the Qing Dynasty: "People in the Song Dynasty used ancient seal script to make seals. , Yuan people are especially perverted. "(2) Refers to ancient writing, such as "Quanyu Yi" in the volume of "Hanshan Broom Talk" by Zhao Huanguang of the Ming Dynasty discusses the 'nine-style script': "The second is called ancient seal script, a book of the three dynasties, which can be seen (left eye and right eye) in Gold and stone identification. "
Guwen (ancient seal script)
It has three meanings: (1) Broadly speaking, from the perspective of philology, it includes nail bone inscriptions, bell and tripod inscriptions, stone drum inscriptions, ancient pottery inscriptions, ancient spring inscriptions and small seal scripts , is the "ancient text" system, which is symmetrical to the "jinwen" system dominated by Li and Kai after Qin and Han Dynasties. (2) Refers to the ancient writings of Yin, Zhou or earlier. (3) Specifically refers to the late Zhou and Zhou Dynasties. The script used in the Six Kingdoms.
Small Seal
One of the seal scripts, it is symmetrical to the "Big Seal", also known as "Qin Seal", which means that Qin Shihuang unified the world's writing and ordered it to be made by Li Si. The strokes of the small seal script are round and smooth, while the larger seal scripts are neat and tidy. Qin Dynasty stones such as "Taishan", "Yishan", "Langyatai", etc. are said to be written by Li Si and are representative works of the Tang Dynasty Li Yangbing, the Five Dynasties Xu Kai and the Qing Dynasty. Deng Shirujun is a master of small seal script.
Yu Jin Zhuan
The strokes are as plump as jade tendons, which means "small seal script". Representative calligraphers of seal script include Li Si of the Qin Dynasty and Li Yangbing of the Tang Dynasty.
Iron seal script
The small seal script is as thin as a line and as strong as iron, such as "Qian" by Li Yangbing of the Tang Dynasty. "Gua Stele". The name "Tiexian" is said to be derived from "Tiexiancao". Its petiole is slender and shiny, like iron.
Xia Zhuan.
The legendary writings of the Xia Dynasty. It is generally believed that the fifteenth chapter of "Da Zhuan" written by King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty was the first seal script. This "Xia Zhuan" is generally called "Zhuan". Judging from the archaeological objects, it has not yet been found. It is an accurate and reliable script of the Xia Dynasty; if it exists, it must be more primitive than the oracle bone inscriptions. The ancients often said that the large seal scripts of bronze inscriptions were combined with the seal scripts of the Xia Dynasty. All these are based on the false theory of Zhou seal scripts.
The seal script of the Zhou Dynasty refers to the large seal scripts such as Zhongdingwen and Shiguwen. >
That is, "Xiaozhuan". The "Xiaozhuan" volume of Zhang Huaiguan of the Tang Dynasty said: "The case, Xiaozhuan, was written by Li Si, the Prime Minister of Qin Shihuang. The addition and loss of large seal scripts are all in the same script, so they are called "small seal scripts", also called "Qin seal scripts". "Book Summary", Volume 5 of Liu Xizai's "Art Summary" of the Qing Dynasty: "Qin seal script is simple, such as "Yishan", "Langyatai" and other steles?
Han seal script
Seal script of the Han Dynasty. Most of them are small seal scripts, with a short and square physique and a writing style similar to official script. Generally used on solemn occasions and gold vessels.
Tang Seal
Seal script written by calligraphers of the Tang Dynasty. There are many kinds of seal script, big and small, represented by Li Yangbing