Qi Jiguang, the anti-Japanese hero
Qi Jiguang, also known as Yuanjing, was originally named Nantang, and later changed his name to Mengzhu. On the first day of October in the seventh year of Jiajing (1528), he was born in Luqiao Town, south of Jining County, Shandong Province. The reason why he was named Jiguang is said to be that it was midnight when he was born, and the sky was clear and the stars were shining brightly. In the early morning, the sun rises and the morning glow covers Luqiao. The red maples and green pines in front of the house form a colorful picture. Qi Jiguang's father, Qian Jingtong, was fifty-six years old at this time. He was particularly happy to have a son at this old age, so he connected the scenery of nature with the future of the newborn boy and named him Jiguang, hoping that his son would grow up. In the future, the achievements of our ancestors can be inherited and promoted. Sure enough, Qi Jiguang lived up to his father's expectations. When he grew up, he became a famous general. He fought resolutely to defend the lives and property of the people in the southeastern coastal provinces and Japanese pirates, and became an outstanding patriotic general and national hero.
Strict tutoring
Qi Jiguang’s ancestors were all generals of the Ming Dynasty. His sixth generation ancestor Qi Xiang joined the uprising army led by Guo Zixing. After Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, he still served in the Ming army and was killed in the attack on Yunnan. In memory of his previous achievements, the Ming Dynasty awarded his son Qi Bin the title of General Mingwei. , the hereditary Dengzhou Wei (now Penglai County) commanded Qianshi. When it was passed down to Qi Jingtong, it was already the sixth generation, and he was still commanding the Dengzhou Guards.
Qi Jingtong was strict in running the army, proficient in martial arts, familiar with military books, and had rich military knowledge. After taking up the post, he was promoted to the rank of capital commander and the capital commander of Daning Prefecture. But his family background is very poor. Jingtong was an honest official, never accepting extra fees, and he did not flatter the powerful. Once, he was promoted to the chief of grain transportation in Jiangnan, which was a lucrative position. When he transported grain to Taicang for the first time, according to the old rules, the general who transported grain had to give gifts to the warehouse official first to avoid making things difficult for him. Qi Jingqun decided not to do it, and would rather suffer hardship than pay bribes. As a result, he lost the boss of transporting grain. He returned to Dengzhou Guards Station and lived a life of poverty. At that time, Qi Xun, the governor of Shandong Preparation for Japanese Military Affairs, was Jingtong's superior. He heard that Jingtong refused to pay bribes and lost his position as commander-in-chief. He respected Guantong's behavior and came here. I recognized him as my own family and wanted to give him a boost. However, Qi Jingtong said that his ancestor's surname was Ni, not Qi, and declined Qi Xun's kindness.
Of course, there are many examples of Qi Jingtong being an honest official. The frugality and filial piety shown in personal life are also very famous. He gave strict education to the newly sensible children Qi Jiguang and Qi Jingtong. In order to make his son successful, he taught his son to read, read and practice martial arts from an early age. He also often taught his son to do his best for the country when he grew up. Qi Jiguang also had very strict requirements in life. Once when a craftsman came to repair a house for the Qi family, Jingtong asked him to install four carved doors between two couplets. However, according to regulations, Jiangmen's house could be equipped with twelve carved doors. The craftsman told the twelve-year-old Qi Jiguang about this. Qi Jiguang went to his father and said that he could install twelve portals. Qi Jingtong severely criticized Qi Jiguang and reprimanded him, asking him not to be vain in the future, let alone show off. Once again, Qi Jiguang wore a pair of very elegant silk shoes. When his father saw it, he naturally scolded him again, saying that he wore such good shoes at a young age and would be able to pay off in the future. He also said that if he continued like this, he would become a shoemaker in the future Wouldn't an officer embezzle soldiers' food and wages? Although it later became clear that the shoes were given by his grandfather and his mother, Wang, told him to wear them, Jingtong still ordered him to take them off.
Strict tutoring enabled Qi Jiguang to develop good habits since childhood. It is said that he has been fond of playing military games since he was a child. He uses dirt and gravel as bases and paper flags as signals. Qi Jiguang liked reading since he was a child, and he was familiar with classics and history. Once, a friend saw that the Qi family was living in poverty and said to Qi Jingtong: "Everyone recognizes that you are an honest official, but what do you leave to future generations?" Jingtong called Jiguang in front of him. Said: "What I leave to you is the country's land, you should protect it well!" Qi Jiguang understood what his father meant, and said: "What the adults have left behind, I must defend to the death."
Young people Qi Jiguang did not spend his time in ease. When he was ten years old, his mother Wang passed away, and his family life became even more difficult. In the summer when he was seventeen years old, his father, who was over seventy years old, fell seriously ill. Qi Jingtong knew that his life would not last long, so he asked his son to go to Beijing to apply for a job. Before leaving, he earnestly warned his son to serve the country loyally and defend the country. In autumn, Qi Jingtong passed away, and the burden of life fell on Qi Jiguang. He had to support his elderly aunt and underage siblings. In order to have someone to take care of the family, Qi Jiguang got married the next winter.
Qi Jiguang began his military career after he attacked the commander of Dengzhou. However, Shandong was relatively calm at that time, and the post of commanding the generals was not too busy. In addition to the official duties that Qi Jiguang had to do, he also practiced military training and studied. He hopes to do something great while he is young and full of energy. He once wrote in a manuscript: "I feel that when I am about twenty years old, I must be a good official and be aggressive in making progress. However, he does not care about the advantages and disadvantages." He wrote a sentence in the blank space of a military book. The poem "The Deepness of the Tao Qian":
The small building is ashamed of its high enthusiasm, and worries about the old alliance;
It calls for guests to greet guests with bottles, and talks about military affairs.
The clouds protect toothpicks, and the stars contain swords;
The title of prince is not my intention, but I hope the sea will be smooth.
This poem expresses Qi Jiguang's ambitions and illustrates his concerns about the intrusion of Japanese pirates. Since he hoped for "a peaceful sea", he was determined to make his own contribution in protecting the maritime borders.
In the twenty-seventh year of Jiajing (1548), the Ming Dynasty listed Jizhou as a border town in order to resist the Mongolian Tatars' southward attack on the capital, and officers and soldiers from Shandong and Henan were deployed for defense. At that time, Jizhou refers to the line from Shanhaiguan to Juyongguan. Qi Jiguang would lead his troops to garrison in this area every spring. For five consecutive years, Qi Jiguang traveled between Dengzhou and Jizhou every year. During this period, Qi Jiguang went to Beijing to participate in the imperial examination. At that time, Tatar Ananda Khan led his troops to invade Miyun, Shunyi, and Tongzhou. The capital was severely shaken, and the Ming government dispatched troops to defend Beijing. Qi Jiguang, who was taking the military examination, actively participated in the defense of the capital and submitted two letters to prepare enemy strategies. Some officials in charge of military affairs in the Ming Dynasty highly appreciated Qi Jiguang's courage. Ji Shiyuan, the head of the Ministry of War, said in a letter of recommendation that Qi Jiguang "pay attention to Tao strategy and work hard in Wu Wei. He eliminated all the disadvantages of customs in managing the villages and served his duties." He is meticulous in his management." He believed that Qi Jiguang would "hope to be sent to Qiancheng" in the future.
Five years of Jimen garrison made Qi Jiguang familiar with the situation on the border and tempered his sense of responsibility in defending the border. This point can be illustrated by his poem "Making It Right Now". The poem is written like this:
Drive north and south to report the Lord's love, the moonlight smiles on the riverside for the rest of my life;
Three hundred and sixty days a year, most of them are fighting and fighting.
The first anti-Japanese campaign
The Japanese invasion began in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, and became most rampant during the Jiajing period. At the end of the fourteenth century, the Ashikaga clan of Japan's Northern Dynasties conquered the Southern Dynasties, ending the long-term division. After the defeat of the Southern Dynasty, a group of warriors fled to the islands. They colluded with a group of sailors and bankrupt farmers and came to the coast of China. In name they were doing business, but in reality they were smuggling and plundering. By the mid-16th century, the damage caused by Japanese pirates was very serious. In the second year of Jiajing (1523), the Hosokawa clan, the leader of the Ashikaga clan in Japan, and the Ouchi clan, the princes of the Western Sea Road, each sent tribute envoys Ruizuo, Song Suqing and Zongshe to Ningbo in separate ways. The Ouchi ship arrived first, and the Hosokawa ship arrived later. According to the regulations of Ningbo Shipping Department, cargo should be transported to the port in order of arrival. However, Song Suqing, a member of the Hosokawa clan who arrived later, bribed the eunuch of the city shipping department to go through the formalities first. At the banquet, Rizuo from the Hosokawa ship was seated at the top of the table, and Zongshe from the Ouchi ship was second. Zongshe was furious and had a fight with Ruizuo. He chased Ruizuo to Shaoxing, burning, killing and looting along the way. This was the so-called "battle for tribute" that shocked central Zhejiang at that time. The Ming government also mishandled the aftermath, shutting down the Shipping Department and cutting off trade with Japan. Originally, it was the bribe-taking ministers of the Shibo Division who should have been dismissed, not the Shibo Division. The prohibition of trade led to large-scale smuggling by Japanese businessmen, and profiteers, gangsters, pirates and Japanese pirates in the mainland colluded with each other to provide them with various conveniences. As a result, Japanese pirates could land at will, rob, plunder, and kill Chinese residents indiscriminately.
At a time when the Japanese invasion was serious, in the 32nd year of Jiajing (1553), Qi Jiguang was promoted to the capital commander in charge of Shandong's anti-Japanese military affairs, and was in charge of the three battalions and twenty-four guards. His defense line included from the junction of Jiangsu and Shandong to the northern end of the Shandong Peninsula. How to fortify such a vast sea route? After all, Qi Jiguang was a general, and he had experience in defending Jizhou and Dengzhou. After he took office, he first found out the pattern of Japanese pirates' activities. At that time, ships relied on the wind to move, and where the ship docked had a lot to do with the direction of the wind. Big relationship. Generally, the most rampant times for Japanese pirates are in March, April, May or September and October. After figuring out these rules, Qi Jiguang set up defenses according to the location on time. But at that time, Shandong's defense was empty, its troops were not full, discipline was lax, and the campaign was ineffective. Qi Jiguang reorganized the military appearance, strictly enforced discipline, and carried out serious cleaning of the battalions and guards. Some senior officers looked down upon the young general, especially since there was an officer in the army who was Qi Jiguang's uncle. He relied on his status as an elder and refused to listen to Qi Jiguang's orders.
Qi Jiguang had a headache at first and felt embarrassed about punishing his uncle. But if this disobedient uncle cannot be dealt with properly, he himself will not be able to establish prestige in the army. After careful consideration, he, as his superior, severely punished the uncle in public. Afterwards, he called his uncle as his nephew and apologized to him. This veteran elder was moved by Qi Jiguang's aboveboard behavior and immediately knelt down as a junior officer, promising not to disobey orders in the future. Punishing his uncle has alerted the whole army, and some officers who relied on their elders to show off their talents have become more disciplined. As a result, military discipline was quickly improved, and Shandong's coastal defense was strengthened compared to the past.
At that time, the Japanese invasion was most serious in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The Ming Dynasty was politically corrupt. Emperor Shizong Zhu Hou* of the Ming Dynasty had not been in court for more than ten years, and power fell into the hands of Yan Song, the chief minister of the cabinet. Yan Song was corrupt and accepted bribes. Every year, six-tenths of the border salary from the Ministry of Revenue was given to Yan Song, so the border defense was abolished. When the Japanese invasion was serious in Zhejiang, the Ming government had no choice but to send troops from various provinces to help. However, because the foreign soldiers were not familiar with the local terrain and Japanese pirates' activities, it was difficult to achieve effective results. Governor Wang * and Governor Zhang Jing, who actively resisted the Japanese, were ostracized and attacked by Yan Song and his best friend Zhao Wenhua and others. As a result, the Japanese invasion became more and more serious, and the people suffered more and more serious disasters. Under such circumstances, in the autumn of the 34th year of Jiajing (1555), the Ming Dynasty promoted Qi Jiguang to the rank of general and was transferred from Shandong to Zhejiang to guard Ningbo, Shaoxing and Taizhou, which were the center of Japanese pirate activities.
In the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing (1557), Hu Zongxian, the governor of Zhejiang, ordered Qi Jiguang to follow the famous anti-Japanese general Yu Dayou to attack Cengang (now northwest of Dinghai) held by the Japanese pirates. Because the siege lasted for a long time and could not be conquered, Qi Jiguang was dismissed from his post as a general, "taking responsibility for the crime and punishing the thief". The following year he captured Cengang and resumed his original post. This was a major battle he participated in after arriving in Zhejiang. Qi Jiguang believed that the reason for the unfavorable outcome of the first battle was: "The sailors from Fu Guang were driven out to fight on land, and the miscellaneous soldiers who were sent to exile were sent to serve as soldiers. Moreover, the orders were not clear and the soldiers' hearts were not attached." After this battle, Qi Jiguang believed that it turned out that The combat effectiveness of our troops is not strong, and we advocate training new recruits. It turned out that he had twice written to Hu Zongxian advocating training Zhejiang soldiers. Hu Zongxian handed over 3,000 soldiers from General Qianshi Cao Tianyou's command to Qi Jiguang for training. However, most of these troops came from the ordinary people. Although their military appearance was neat, they were very timid in combat and could not fight hard battles. He was determined to train a strong anti-Japanese force with farmers as the main body, believing that only by building a heroic and capable force could the Japanese pirates be completely defeated.
The establishment of Qi Jiajun
As mentioned above, after Qi Jiguang arrived in Zhejiang, he proposed military training suggestions to Hu Zongxian. The reasons he states are pertinent. He said, "If you don't forget the battle, you will leave it to your command; if you are well-trained, you will be a soldier." Only in this way can we overcome the current weaknesses among soldiers, that is, "the military alerts, and the officers and men are worried. The generals will be sent to the miscellaneous soldiers." In response to the enemy, he took Fu Guangzhou's division and fought on land. The soldiers were uncontrolled, the soldiers were poorly trained, and the soldiers were not loyal and did not know the military orders. He advocated recruiting on his own, believing that "a city with ten houses must have loyalty; There is no talent and bravery in Zhejiang. We have three thousand soldiers from Zhejiang. After three years of training, we will be able to defend ourselves against the enemy." Hu Zongxian did not pay much attention to his military training suggestions. But Qi Jiguang was still determined to train a force that could command freely and fight.
In the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing (1558), a large-scale fight broke out in Yiwu between miners and township groups. Chuzhou, Zhejiang Province, was a place rich in silver mines during the Ming Dynasty. There were a large number of miners from peasant backgrounds. Baoshan in the south of Yiwu County was rich in silver mines. In this year, the miners from Chuzhou migrated to Baoshan to mine, and they met with the powerful Chen family in Yiwu. An armed conflict broke out between the township regiments led by Da Cheng. The armed fighting was carried out three times, and the scale became larger and larger, with thousands of people gathered in each case. There were countless casualties on both sides. Qi Jiguang saw from this fight that even the township regiments were more brave than the official army. He proposed to recruit farmers and miners as recruits in Yiwu and train them so that they could use their mutual strength to eliminate Japanese pirates. At this time, Zhao Dahe, the magistrate of Yiwu County, also wrote a letter asking Qi Jiguang to go to Yiwu in person to recruit farmers and miners from both sides to join the army to fight against the Japanese pirates. This suggestion is exactly the same as Qi Jiguang's idea. Therefore, Qi Jiguang decided to go to Yiwu in person to recruit new soldiers. As soon as the news spread, there was a lot of discussion. Many people believed that the township corps and the miners were "sinners" and that recruiting "sinners" to join the army was tantamount to "sickness and heartlessness." However, Tan Lun, the prefect of Taizhou, a famous anti-Japanese general at the time, supported Qi Jiguang's idea. Later, Qi Jiguang revealed this matter in a poem "Ji Men Shu": "We recruited Wuyue scholars, and we have known each other for a long time. On that day, the only one who was in charge of this alliance was Tan Junhou."
Qi Jiguang in Chapter 1 In the second year, that is, the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559), he came to Yiwu to recruit troops.
However, the recruitment of troops was not going well. He posted a notice titled "Ask Your Father the Gratitude of the Land and Water", calling on farmers and miners to give up their time and join forces to defend their hometown and resist Japanese pirates. After the notice was posted, no one came to apply. Later I learned that the leaders of both sides, farmers and miners were waiting and watching. Qi Jiguang explained to them the whole story of recruiting troops here, and at the same time expressed his patriotism and national justice. In fact, neither Chen Dacheng, the leader of the township regiment, nor Wang Rulong, the leader of the miners, had any intention to embarrass Qi Jiguang. They had always admired the anti-Japanese general. Therefore, after hearing the story of Qi Jiguang's recruitment, Chen Dacheng and Wang Rulong each led their fellow villagers and miners to recruit. The two enemy teams became the backbone of Qi's army and made outstanding contributions to the anti-Japanese cause.
Qi Jiguang selected more than 4,000 people from the applicants and brought them back to Shaoxing. After two months of rigorous training, he established a force with good military discipline and law. The army was founded with the purpose of protecting the people. Qi Jiguang first educated the new soldiers and established this team to protect the security of his hometown. He said to the new soldiers: "The coastal guard station was originally built to protect people's livelihood and defend the place. The old people gave money to provide payment. Over the past two hundred years, if there is a Japanese invasion, the community will provide it." The army is paid as before, but the army not only fails to protect the people and is of no use to the mainland, but also invites the militia to guard Yicheng every time there is an emergency. It is the people who provide for the army, the people who kill the thieves, and the people who protect the people. Those who protect the army are also the people.” The army cannot protect the people, but instead wants the people to protect the army. This kind of reverse situation shows the corruption of the army. Therefore, the newly established Qi family army must be an army that can kill thieves and protect the people. He pointed out: "Soldiers are used to kill thieves, and thieves want to kill people. Of course, the people hope that you will be brave enough to kill thieves. If you can kill thieves and abide by military laws and do not disturb the people, how can the people not flatter you? What? "
Qi Jiguang's military training philosophy attaches equal importance to discipline and martial arts education. The purpose of disciplinary training is to overcome the original free and loose ideas of farmers and miners, and organize them with strict discipline so that they can obey orders, obey commands, and not harm the interests of the people. The training of martial arts is to allow soldiers to master The ability to kill enemies. He once enlightened his subordinates that martial arts training is not "an official matter in response to official duties", but "a close-to-nature activity" that involves performing meritorious services, killing thieves, and saving lives. Because if you have strong martial arts and can kill a thief, how can the thief kill you? However, if your martial arts skills are not high and you are not as good as the enemy, then the thief will definitely kill you. This kind of simple preaching is very convincing. Another idea of ??Qi Jiguang's training of soldiers was that officers should lead by example. He believed that officers should lead by example in everything, but this not only meant that they should lead by example when fighting, but also during normal training. Only when officers take the lead can soldiers fight bravely.
Qi Jiguang not only trained the soldiers in discipline and martial arts. Also based on the characteristics of fighting Japanese pirates, for example, most of the fighting took place in the Zeze area and could not be like in the dry land of the north. Therefore, he transformed the original military system of the Ming Dynasty. According to the military system of the Ming Dynasty: for every five men in a corps, there is one captain; for every twenty-five men, there is one armor commander; for every one hundred and twenty-five men, there is one captain; for every six hundred and twenty-five men, there is a captain. The sum of one whistle and the length of left and right whistles. Qi Jiguang believed that this kind of formation was not conducive to fighting in the Jiangnan water town. He reformed this formation and created the Mandarin Duck formation, which was beneficial to combat in Jiangnan water towns. The basic formation of the Yuanyang Formation is a team of twelve people. The first person is the captain, and the next two people hold cards, one holding a long card and the other a round card. The long circle card has a large area, which can prevent the enemy's Japanese swords and heavy arrows, and cover the team behind to continue to advance. The equipment of the other nine people is as follows: two people hold langzhen (a weapon made of bamboo), four people hold long spears, two people hold short weapons, and the last person is a fire soldier, that is, a cooking soldier. In this formation, when fighting, "two cards are placed side by side, with wolves and swords each following one card, and two spears, each responsible for one card and one sword. It is too late for short soldiers to defend against long spears, even if they are killed. The swords are used to save cards, and long-term rescues are carried out. "Zhen, a short soldier saves a long spear". This formation is not only flexible in movement, but also has greater lethality. The basis of the Yuanyang Formation is that soldiers are organized into a combat group according to their different physical abilities. For example, those who are strong and courageous can hold cards, and those who are strong can hold wolf swords. According to the soldiers' respective specialties, they can hold different weapons, so that the combat effectiveness of the soldiers can be fully utilized. This formation can also be changed according to the times. One team can be divided into two teams, called Liangyi Formation. The people are divided into two teams, and the weapons are also divided into two teams according to the people. It can also be transformed from the Liangyi Formation into the "Three Talents Formation", with the captain in the middle, with two wolves and two short soldiers on both sides, and one card and two spears on the left and right sides.
Such a formation is to transform a column into a horizontal formation, with twelve people spread out on a front line at the same time.
The Yuanyang formation was later equipped with gunners, crossbowmen, and rocketeers to form an infantry battalion, which was divided into five battalions: front, rear, left, center, and right. If it encountered a large enemy force, The front battalion attacks from the front, the left and right battalions cooperate from both sides, the middle battalion is commanded from the center, and the rear battalion is a reserve force, either for ambush, support or coordination.
After the above training and reform, the Qi family army not only has good discipline and high responsibility, but is also familiar with combat formations, making it a force with strong combat effectiveness. According to the needs of the situation, Qi Jiguang not only trained the land division, but also personally supervised the construction of warships and established the naval division. By the 40th year of Jiajing (1561), he supervised the construction of more than 40 warships and built a high-quality navy.
Suppressing the Japanese pirates in Zhejiang
In May of the 40th year of Jiajing (1561), more than 10,000 Japanese pirates invaded Qitou and Taozhu, which belong to Taizhou Prefecture on the coast of eastern Zhejiang. As well as Wenzhou seaside and other places, while preparing to attack Taizhou, while using the main force to attack Ninghai. When Qi Jiguang heard the police, he sent part of his troops to guard Taizhou, and then personally led the main force to Ninghai. Qi Jiguang's new soldiers were very energetic and moved quickly. When the main force arrived at Ninghai, the Japanese pirates who were burning and plundering Taozhu were blocked. Qi's army forced the enemy to engage in a decisive battle at Longshan, and defeated the Japanese pirates. The remaining enemies fled to Yanmen Ridge, and Qi Jiguang took advantage of the victory to pursue them. Yanmenling is located in the west of Wenzhou and the terrain is dangerous. Five years ago, the Japanese pirates defeated the Ming army in this place. This time they still copied the old rules, defended by danger, and confronted the Qi army, hoping to find an opportunity to counterattack. Qi Jiguang's troops were not only well-trained, but also very rustic. After a fierce battle, they finally captured Yannan Ridge. However, at this moment, another group of Japanese pirates took advantage of Jiguang's main force to attack Yanmenling and attacked Taizhou Fucheng. At that time, there were not many defenders in Taizhou and the city walls were not strong, so they were in a critical situation. After Qi Jiguang heard the news, he immediately sent his troops to rescue Taizhou. As soon as the Qi army arrived at Taizhou City, they first attacked the enemy's position with firearms, and then attacked with large groups of troops. Qi Jiguang personally went to the front line to encourage the soldiers and announced that whoever could kill the Japanese Jukui would be heavily rewarded. Zhu Jue, a warrior who was a miner, took the lead and rushed forward with a gun, killing the Japanese leader and many Japanese pirates. When other soldiers saw it, they also rushed forward. The Japanese pirates were full of tricks and deliberately scattered the gold and silver they had robbed on the ground, hoping to lure Qi Jun to pick it up and then kill them with their carbines. However, Qi's army was very disciplined and no one would rob silver coins during the battle. They would always wait until the battle was over before dividing the spoils equally, which made the Japanese pirates' efforts in vain. The Qi family's army became stronger as they fought and fought bravely. The Japanese pirates were defeated. Chen Dacheng, Wang Rulong and others took advantage of the victory and pursued them to the Gualing River to annihilate all the Japanese pirates.
This battle was fought beautifully, mainly because Qi Jun's morale was high and his command was flexible. When the enemy soldiers were defeated, they suddenly changed their lineup, using the left sentry to attack the Qi's army's right sentry, and the right sentinel to oppose the Qi's army's left sentry. The Qi army's force also suddenly changed, and the ambush troops rushed out together with the regular soldiers. The enemy army was caught off guard and was defeated. At the same time, the Qi army moved quickly. When they attacked, the fire soldiers had just started cooking. After the victory and retreat, the rice was just cooked. In this battle, the leader of the Japanese pirates, Level 308, was captured alive, and two Jukui were captured alive. The remaining Japanese pirates were all drowned in the river. Qi's army suffered very few losses. Only the sentry commander Chen Wenqing and two soldiers were killed.
Japanese pirates were rampant in Zhejiang at that time. On the fourth day after the Qi army eliminated this group of Japanese pirates, another group of Japanese pirates came from Qitou to attack Taizhou and camped in Datian in the east of the city. Qi Jiguang believed that this was a good opportunity to eliminate the Japanese pirates, so he immediately gathered his troops and made careful deployment. At that time, there were more than 3,000 Qi soldiers, more than half of whom stayed at the guard station, and only 1,500 were mobile at any time. Qi Jiguang led these troops to attack the Japanese pirates in Daejeon. However, the Japanese pirates could not get out of the wall, and there was heavy rain, so they could not fight. Later, the Japanese pirates saw that Taizhou was well prepared, and another group of Japanese pirates had just been wiped out in Taizhou, so they did not dare to attack Taizhou rashly, so on the third day after Qi's army arrived, they took a small road to Xianju and prepared to attack Chuzhou. Qi Jiguang expected that the Japanese pirates would definitely take the route to Shangfengling, so he sent a force to set up an ambush at Shangfengling, and then sent a small force to follow the Japanese pirates. In order to prevent the ambush troops from being exposed, Qi Jiguang ordered each of the soldiers to hold a bunch of pine branches to cover their bodies. The leader of the Japanese pirates first climbed up to Shangfengling. Seeing that there were pines on all sides and no soldiers, he ordered to cross the ridge. When the Japanese pirates' team was halfway past, the gunshots fired, and Qi's army advanced bravely. Qi Jiguang ordered Chen Da to be the forward and attack head-on. Wang Rulong and Chen Ziluan were on the left and right, and rushed to kill with all their strength. The sound of gunshots and shouts of killing shook the valley. The Japanese pirates were caught off guard, panicked, and suffered countless casualties. Some Japanese pirates saw that the situation was not good and fled to a hill to resist.
The enemy has the commanding heights. Qi Jiguang believes that if he rushes forward with all his strength, he can destroy the enemy, but the losses will be greater. So, he put up a white flag at the foot of the mountain, and then ordered his subordinates to shout to the enemies on the mountain, explaining that all Chinese people who were being coerced and surrendered to the flag empty-handed would be spared from being killed and would be returned to their hometowns. As soon as the words were heard, hundreds of people defected to the white chess piece. Seeing that the situation was not good, the remaining Japanese pirates fled to Shangjieling. Qi Jiajun rushed forward with all his strength, but the Japanese pirates could not resist and fled for their lives in embarrassment, falling to death and injuring most of them. The remaining few Japanese pirates fled to the foot of the mountain and hid in people's homes. The local people assisted Qi's army and attacked them in groups. In an instant, all the Japanese pirates were wiped out.
After these several battles, the main force of Japanese pirates in Zhejiang was basically wiped out. As many as five or six thousand people were killed, fell to death, or drowned. The remaining Japanese pirates were frightened and fled one after another. The Qi Army returned to Taizhou victoriously, and the people of Taizhou came out of the city to welcome them. The crowd stretched for more than 20 miles, cheering loudly, and praising the Qi Army for their boundless achievements in defending the country and protecting the people.
After the Battle of Taizhou, the Japanese invasion of eastern Zhejiang was greatly reduced. In September of that year, a group of Japanese pirates invaded Wenzhou and were defeated by the commander-in-chief Lu Bor. In May of the following year, another group of Japanese pirates invaded Taizhou and Wenzhou, and were also eliminated by Qi Jiguang's troops. At this point, the Japanese invasion of eastern Zhejiang has subsided.
After the Battle of Taizhou, Qi Jiguang was promoted to the capital commander based on his military merit. According to the needs of coastal defense, he recruited another 2,000 people in Yiwu, expanding the Qi Army to about 6,000 people. Around this time, that is, between the 39th year of Jiajing (1560) and the 40th year (1561), he completed the important military work "New Book of Jixiao". Summarizing past experience, a set of methods and formations for troop training are described in detail. He looked down upon those who did not pay attention to learning ancient military techniques, or did not pay attention to specific analysis and deployment of specific conditions. He attached great importance to "Sun Tzu's" art of war, and wrote in the "Preface" to "The New Book of Ji Xiao": "In the past few years, I have been lacking in eastern Zhejiang, and I have learned about Sun Wu's method. Then there is no one who can reach it. Just like the so-called superior teachings of Zen, how can the disciples take measures? , select the practical and effective ones one by one and teach them separately, in order, each into a volume, to teach the three armies, so that they can learn from it." It can be seen that he wrote "Ji Xiao Xinshu" under the influence of "Sun Tzu" on the art of war, and absorbed the beneficial aspects. The essence is also created and developed based on new historical conditions and changes in weapons. The reason why this military work is named "Jixiao New Book" is because the author made this explanation in the "Preface": "I said 'Jixiao', which is not an empty talk; it is called 'New Book', so it is clear that it comes from the law." "Not based on the law, but appropriate measures at the right time." "Xiao Xinshu" has eighteen volumes, four of which were added based on actual combat experience after the Taizhou Campaign. There is also an article "Ji Xiao or Questions" and two articles "Ren Linguan asks for the public transfer of the establishment of the barracks" and "The new Taiwan Jin Yan asks for the public transfer of the establishment", which are placed at the beginning of the volume. "Jixiao New Book" is an important military work and has a great influence on future generations. After the famous Taiping Heavenly Kingdom general Li Xiucheng captured Hangzhou, he had the "New Book of Ji Xiao" on his desk.
Entered Fujian twice to suppress Japanese pirates
When Qi Jiguang defeated the Japanese pirates in Zhejiang, some of the Japanese pirates fled to Fujian to avoid the front line of Qi's army. In addition, the governor of Zhejiang, Hu Zongxian, was eager to quell the Japanese pirates in eastern Zhejiang. , to prevent the Qi army from pursuing the fleeing Japanese pirates. Therefore, after the Japanese invasion in eastern Zhejiang subsided, it became rampant again in Fujian. In the 36th year of Jiajing (1558), the Japanese invaders captured Fuqing, and the following year they captured Fu'an and Funing. In the 40th year of Jiajing (1561), Yongning was captured again. There is Hengyu Island in the sea outside Ningde County, where the Japanese pirates camped as their base camp. Along the coast of Fujian, "from Funing to Zhangquan, there are all thieves' dens for thousands of miles." The Ming army in Fujian was afraid of Japanese pirates and did not dare to attack them. The number of Japanese pirates increased as the Song Dynasty progressed. There were also Japanese pirates outside Xinghua City, looting everywhere and causing great harm. The governor of Fujian had no choice but to report to the Ming court. The Ming court ordered Zhejiang to send troops to assist Fujian. Hu Zongxian immediately dispatched Qi Jiguang to Fujian to suppress the Japanese.
In July of the 41st year of Jiajing (1562), Qi Jiguang led his 6,000 troops to set sail from Wenzhou to Pingyang, and then entered Fujian from Pingyang. After Qi Jiguang arrived in Fujian, he made a thorough investigation of the distribution of Japanese pirates in Fujian. , and Hengyu, where the base camp is located, learned and analyzed, and quickly formulated a strategy to suppress Japanese pirates: first defeat Hengyu, take advantage of the victory to defeat Niutian in Fuqing, and finally annihilate the Japanese pirates in Xinghua. Hengyu is surrounded by the sea, more than ten miles offshore, and separated from the mainland by a shoal. The tide turns into sea and the tide turns into mud. The navy's attack was afraid of running aground, and the land army's attack was difficult to travel on the muddy road.
Qi Jiguang first attacked Zhangwan opposite Hengyu to divide and disintegrate the enemy. Many Japanese pirates who were coercing their followers heard that Qi's army was coming to suppress them, and within a few days more than a thousand people surrendered. After Qi Jiguang captured Zhangwan, he sent his troops to attack Hengyu Island. On the eighth day of August, the tide rises early in the afternoon. Qi Jiguang ordered the soldiers early in the morning to bring bundles of grass with them. When marching on the beach, they spread the bundles of grass on the mudflats and crawled forward. Although the Japanese pirates have been entrenched on this island for three years, the fortress is strong and the security is extremely tight. However, the Japanese pirates still underestimated the bravery and prowess of Qi's army. They thought that Qi's army could only attack with water divisions when the water rose, but they did not expect that Qi Jiguang would use land divisions to attack the island. As soon as they saw Qi's army rushing to cross the tidal flat, they quickly set up their positions and tried to resist. However, as soon as the Qi army landed, Qi Jiguang ordered his soldiers to attack the enemy camp. He used his general Wu Weizhong to attack Mucheng, while Chen Dacheng surrounded the enemy camp from behind. While the battle was raging, Wang Rulong came to help from the other side, and Qi's army gained momentum. Wang Weizhong took the lead in conquering Mucheng, and suddenly there were flames and smoke. Seeing that Wu Weizhong had broken through Mucheng, each team of Qi's army launched a general attack on various strongholds. The battle lasted for three hours, and the enemy beheaded more than 300 enemies. Can Guan fled to the sea for his life, and more than 600 people fell into the water and drowned. The army rescued more than 800 captive men and women. Qi's army won its first battle in Fujian. The next day, Qi Jiguang led his troops to return to Ningde in triumph to rest and recuperate. A few days later it was the Mid-Autumn Festival, and Qi Jiguang and his men celebrated the Mid-Autumn Festival. He wrote a victory song for the soldiers to chant. The lyrics are as follows:
With one united people, Mount Tai can be shaken;
Only loyalty and righteousness, fighting in anger!
The Lord will kiss me better than his parents;
If you violate military laws, you will not be free.
The orders are clear and the rewards and punishments are written.
< p>Go to the fire and water, dare to stay too late?Report to the emperor and rescue the head of Guizhou;
Kill all the Japanese slaves and find a marquis!