The Ming Dynasty was the last Han regime in the history of our country. It lasted for 276 years and had 16 emperors, including 16 emperors in the Southern Ming Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty, capitalism had sprouted in the West. However, the Ming Dynasty was also far ahead in some fields, and many outstanding people emerged.
The best emperor - Zhu Youtang
Zhu Youtang (July 30, 1470 - June 8, 1505), (reigned from 1487 to 1505) ), with the reign name Hongzhi, was the ninth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the third son of Ming Xianzong Zhu Jianshen, and his biological mother was the Empress Dowager Xiaomuji. Ascending the throne in September of the 23rd year of Chenghua (1487), Zhu Youtang was generous and kind, practiced frugality, was not close to others, was diligent in political affairs, valued justice, opened up his voice, worked hard to reverse the corruption in government, expel traitors, and diligently In terms of political affairs, he worked hard to govern and appointed upright ministers such as Wang Shu and Liu Daxia, which was called "Hongzhi Zhongxing" in history. In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi (1505), Zhu Youtang died in the Qianqing Palace. He reigned for eighteen years at the age of thirty-six.
The most powerful monk - Yao Guangxiao
Yao Guangxiao became a monk in Miaozhi Temple in Suzhou when he was young. He was proficient in the three religions and had good relations with the academic leaders of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the early Ming Dynasty. relationship. In the 15th year of Hongwu's reign, he was selected by Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty. He met Zhu Di, the king of Yan, and took charge of the Qingshou Temple, becoming Zhu Di's main adviser. In the third year of Zhu Di's calamity, Yao Guangxiao stayed in Peking and suggested that Zhu Di advance with Qingqi and take Nanjing, allowing Zhu Di to successfully capture Nanjing and ascend the throne as emperor. It is unique in history that a mere piece of land in the Yan region was able to defeat the entire nation's troops and ultimately win.
The most powerful painter - Tang Yin
Tang Yin, also known as Bohu, also known as Ziwei, also known as Liuru Jushi, was a native of Wu County, Suzhou Prefecture (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), South Zhili Province ,. Famous calligrapher, painter and poet in Ming Dynasty.
In the 21st year of Chenghua (1485), he ranked first in the Suzhou Prefecture Examination and entered the Prefecture School. In the eleventh year of Hongzhi's reign, he ranked first in the Yingtianfu Township Examination (Jie Yuan) and went to Beijing to take part in the joint examination. In the twelfth year of Hongzhi's reign, he was involved in a fraud case at the Xu Jing Examination Hall, was convicted and imprisoned, and was demoted to a minor official in the Zhejiang vassal. From then on, he lost his ambition in the academic field and wandered around the world, buried in poetry and painting, and eventually became a famous painter. Tang Yin lived in poverty in his later years and relied on friends for financial support. He died of illness on December 2, the second year of Jiajing's reign, at the age of fifty-four.
The most culturally accomplished vassal king——Zhu Zaiyu
Zhu Zaiyu (1536-1611), courtesy name Boqin, was a native of Haojuqushan and Jiufengshan. When he was young, he called himself "Kuansheng" and "Shanyang Jiu Kuang Xianke", also known as "Prince Duanjing". He was a native of Hanoi County, Huaiqing Prefecture, Henan Province (now Qinyang, Henan Province), and a famous legal scholar in the Ming Dynasty (with " Known as the "Sage of Rhythm"), historian and musician.
Zhu Zaiyu was born in Hanoi County, Huaiqing Prefecture, Henan Province. He was the ninth grandson of Ming Taizu and the sixth generation son of Zheng Fan. Zhu Zaiyu was deeply influenced by his father, King Zheng Gong, who lectured on virtues, was a commoner and a vegetarian, could read and write, and was a corporal. He was frugal and educated since he was a child, and he was smart and eager to learn. In his early years, he learned astronomy, arithmetic and other knowledge from his maternal uncle He Tang. He was imprisoned because of his injustice to his father's conviction, and lived alone in a house for nineteen years. It was not until 1567 that his father was pardoned and he was willing to enter the palace.
In 1591, King Zheng Zhu Houtan died. As the eldest son, Zhu Zaiyu was supposed to inherit the throne, but he gave up the country, resigned his title and returned home to devote himself to writing books. During the 19 long and bumpy years in Moluo, Zhu Zaiyu worshiped sages, espoused secular principles, devoted himself to studying music and calculus with the spirit of chasing the sun and the moon, and opened up a broad field of marginal subjects.
The most powerful doctor - Li Shizhen
Li Shizhen, also known as Dongbi, called himself a native of Binghushan in his later years. Doctor Street), a famous medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. It is as famous as the "Medical Saint" Wan Mi Zhai. In ancient times, there was a saying that "Wan Mi Zhai's prescriptions are Li Shizhen's medicine". Later, he served as the Prime Minister of the Chu Palace and the Royal Imperial Hospital. After his death, the Ming court granted him the title of "Mr. Wen Lin".
Since 1565, Li Shizhen has gone to Wudang Mountain, Lushan Mountain, Maoshan Mountain, Niushou Mountain, Huguang, Anhui, Henan, Hebei and other places to collect drug specimens and prescriptions, and paid homage to fishermen, woodcutter, farmers, A coachman, a pharmacist, and a snake catcher were his teachers. He referred to 925 books on medicine and other aspects of the past dynasties, "archaeologically confirmed the present, and studied physics thoroughly." He recorded tens of millions of words of notes and clarified many difficult problems. After 27 cold and summer days, he completed the Three Changes His manuscript was the 1.92 million-word masterpiece "Compendium of Materia Medica" completed in the 18th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1590). In addition, he also conducted research on pulse theory and the Eight Extraordinary Meridians. His works include "A Study of the Eight Meridians of Qijing" and "Binghu Pulsology". He was revered as the "Sage of Medicine" by later generations.
The most powerful scientist - Song Yingxing
Song Yingxing devoted his life to the scientific investigation and research of agriculture and handicraft production, and collected a wealth of scientific information; at the same time, his advanced thinking made him He became a thinker critical of feudalism and medieval academic traditions.
Song Yingxing’s writings and research fields cover different disciplines of natural sciences and humanities. Among them, the most outstanding work "Tiangong Kaiwu" is known as the "Encyclopedia of Chinese Craftsmanship in the 17th Century".
The most pure official - Hai Rui
Hai Rui, also known as Ruxian and Gangfeng, was from Qiongshan, Hainan (now Haikou City). A famous upright official in the Ming Dynasty. Hai Rui experienced the four dynasties of Zhengde, Jiajing, Longqing and Wanli in his life.
In the twenty-eighth year of Jiajing (1549), Hai Rui passed the provincial examination and was first appointed as the magistrate of Nanping, Fujian Province. Later, he was promoted to the magistrate of Chun'an, Zhejiang and Xingguo County, Jiangxi. Wrong cases and crackdowns on corrupt officials have won the hearts of the people. He has successively served as the prefectural judge, the head of the Ministry of Household Affairs, the head of the Ministry of War, Shang Baocheng, the general manager of the two capitals, and the censor of Youqiandu. He cracked down on tyrants, dredged rivers, built water conservancy projects, advocated severe punishment of corrupt officials, prohibited accepting bribes for personal gain, and implemented a whip law to force corrupt officials to return their fields to the people, thus earning him the reputation of "Haiqingtian".
The most powerful diplomat - Zheng He
Zheng He, from the Hui ethnic group, whose surname is Ma, was given the surname Zheng by Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty. Eunuch"), a native of Kunyang Prefecture, Yunnan Province (now Kunyang Street, Jinning District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province). Eunuch, navigator and diplomat of the Ming Dynasty.
When Zheng He was young, he served as a servant to the King of Yan, Zhu Di. He was wise and knowledgeable in war. Later, he served in the battle of Jingnan and was promoted to an internal official, eunuch. From 1405 (the third year of Yongle) to 1424 (the twenty-second year of Yongle), Zheng He went to the West six times as an eunuch. After 1425 (the first year of Hongxi), Zheng He served as a garrison eunuch in Nanjing. In 1430 (the fifth year of Xuande), he was ordered to sail to the West for the seventh time. It is said that he died in Guli Kingdom in 1433 (the eighth year of Xuande) on the way. Today, Niu Shou in Nanjing The tomb of Zheng He at the southern foot of the mountain may be its burial mound.
Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Ocean were an unprecedented feat in the history of world navigation in the early 15th century, [14] and played a positive role in economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.
The most powerful saint - Wang Shouren
Wang Shouren (October 31, 1472 - January 9, 1529), Han nationality, his childhood name was Yun, his courtesy name was Bo'an, and his alias was Yang. Ming Dynasty, a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang Province. A famous thinker, philosopher, calligrapher, military strategist, and educator in the Ming Dynasty
Jinshi in the twelfth year of Hongzhi (1499), and served successively as head of the Ministry of Justice, Longchang Yi Cheng of Guizhou, Luling County Magistrate, and Youqian Capital He held the positions of censor, governor of Southern Jiangxi, and governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. In his later years, he served as Shangshu of the Ministry of War in Nanjing and censor of Zuodu of the Metropolitan Procuratorate. For his military achievements such as pacifying the Chenhao Rebellion, he was granted the title of Earl of Xinjian, and was posthumously awarded the title of Marquis during the Longqing period.
Wang Shouren is the master of the Ming Dynasty's psychology. The basic process of the development of the Ming Dynasty's psychology can be summarized as follows: Chen Xianzhang started it, Zhan Ruoshui perfected it, and Wang Yangming's collection was the master. The direct source of Wang Shouren's theory and thought Wang Xue (Yangming Xue) is the "Chen Zhan Xin Xue" of Chen Xianzhang and Zhan Ruoshui. Yangming Xin Xue is consistent with Chen Xianzhang's theory and has become the most common knowledge in the academic world.
The most powerful chief assistant - Zhang Juzheng
Zhang Juzheng (May 26, 1525 - July 9, 1582), named Shuda, nicknamed Taiyue, and his childhood name Zhang Baigui. Huguang Jingzhou Wei (Jingzhou City, Hubei Province). He was born in Jiangling County (Jingzhou), so he was called "Zhang Jiangling".
A politician, reformer and chief minister of the Ming Dynasty, he assisted Wanli Emperor Zhu Yijun in carrying out the "Wanli New Deal", known in history as "Zhang Juzheng's Reform".