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Yao He (about 779 ~ 846) was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty in China. Shanzhou (now Shanxian County, Henan Province) people. In the 11th year of Yuanhe (816), he was a scholar, and was awarded the martial arts master book. He has served as a supervisor of the empire, a secretariat in Jin and Hangzhou, a doctor in the punishment department, and a middle-ranking clerk, and a secretary in the end was less supervised. Yao Wugong is known in the world, and his poetry school is called Wugong style. Yao He was famous for his poems at that time, and he paid tribute to Liu Yuxi, Li Shen, Zhang Ji, Wang Jian, Juyuan Yang, Ma Dai and Li Qunyu. Friendly with Jia Dao, his poems are similar, but slightly shallower than Jia, who is known as Yao Jia. He is good at the five laws, and is good at describing natural scenery and depressed officials, and sometimes has good sentences. However, the theme of the style is monotonous and the description of the scenery is trivial. His poems were studied by Yongjia Siling and Jianghu poets in the Southern Song Dynasty. Today, 1 volumes of Yao Shaojian's Poems are passed on, and the other is Ji Xuan Ji.
at that time, Yao He had a very famous poem and made a wide range of friends, and he paid tribute to Liu Yuxi, Li Shen, Zhang Ji, Wang Jian, Juyuan Yang, Ma Dai and Li Qunyu. Friendly with Jia Dao, similar in poetry, but slightly shallower than Jia Dao. The world is called "Yao Jia". He is good at the five laws, and is good at describing natural scenery and depressed officials, and sometimes has good sentences. However, the theme of style is monotonous and the description of scenery is trivial. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng commented on his poems and said: "Washing is clean, tall and straight. It is interesting to be out of the way of the wave fairy, but it is bright and bright; "It's based on the origin and superficial construction, but it's flattering and charming." Almost counting children at the same time, skillfully pinching their elders. But the body seems to be small and sharp, and the taste is also slight. Therefore, the product bureau is in the ear. "(Tang Yin Gui Qian) has a certain influence on later generations, and was once taught by the" Yongjia Four Spirits "(see" Four Spirits Style ") and Jianghu poets in the Southern Song Dynasty. Today, 1 volumes of Yao Shaojian's Poems have been circulated, and there are printed editions of Jiguge in Ming Dynasty and photocopied editions of Four Series. In addition, there is Ji Xuan Ji, which is included in Tang Poems Selected by Tang Dynasty (Ten Kinds). See the new and old biographies of Tang Shu for deeds.
Yao He's life
In his later years, Yao He compiled a collection of poems of the Tang Dynasty, named Ji Xuan Ji, and selected Wang Wei, Zu Yong, Li Duan, Geng Yong, Lu Lun, Sikong Shu, Qian Qi, Lang Shiyuan, Chang Dang, Han Li, Huang Fuzeng, Li Jiazuo, Huang Furan and Zhu Fang. And in the preface, he said, "This is a poet's archer, and he also chooses the most mysterious one in the crowd." There is neither Li/Du/Yuan/Bai nor Meng/Han/Liu/Liu, which shows that in Yao He's eyes, "Li/Du/Yuan/Bai/Meng/Han/Liu/Liu" and so on.
the original meaning of the word "Xuan" is abstruse and mysterious, and it comes from the language of "the mysterious and mysterious/the wonderful door" in Laozi. Guan Yao-he's candidates are indeed mostly indifferent to life; The selected poems are far-fetched, but they are almost temperamental and light as water. From the selection of this collection, we seem to catch a glimpse of Yao He's outlook on life and poetry. It is reasonable to comment on him in Biography of Tang Talents as far as poetry is concerned. However, in official career, it is hard to understand the fact that he is a recluse. Although he has repeatedly revealed in his works that he has never been an official wholeheartedly, and his mind is full of thoughts of living in the mountains and retiring from farming, it is not accidental that he can always be a secretary with three products.
Yao He is the same age as Jia Dao and was born in the 14th year of Dali (779). The Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty said that he was the great-grandson of Yao Chong, the prime minister of Xuanzong, which was wrong. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Luo Zhenyu made textual research in the Epitaph and Postscript of Mrs. Li Gong's Xing Wu Yao's family, and concluded that "suan" was Yuan Jingzi, "Lv" was Yuan Jingsun, and "He" was Yuan Jinggreat-grandson. It can be known that Yao He's great-grandfather was Yao Yuanjing, who served as a doctor in the DPRK/a doctor in the Sinong Temple/a Zong Zheng Shaoqing; His grandfather was Yao Shu, who served as Yanling County Magistrate/Ruzhou Sima; His father is Yao Wei, who has served as a magistrate of Xiangzhou-Linhe County/as a gift to the right son of the Prince. Xing Wu recorded in the epitaph is today's Zhejiang/Huzhou, and it should also be Yao He's native place.
I don't know how many times Yao He failed before he was 38. He once wrote a poem called "The Last Poem", which expressed his shame and embarrassment when he went back to his hometown to meet his elders and neighbors-"It was a waste of time to raise friends for the village, to shoot for the poor, to be ashamed to ask questions when he returned home, to rent a house in the spring city, to leave behind closed doors, to read books, to win over himself". In the eleventh year of Yuanhe (816), he finally realized that he was probably taken care of by Li Fengji, who was then the examiner and was soon promoted to the position of prime minister. Yao He and later wrote a poem to his brother-in-law, Guo Yue, in which there was a sentence of "Xiang Fu holds a handle/pays attention to his heart's specialization/shows that he was once a protege of Li Fengji, so it is natural to give a high score when marking papers." However, Yao He didn't seem to expect that he could still win the first prize, so that surprise is far better than happiness. As the saying goes, "things are unexpected/joy is often less than surprise".
About two years after entering the Jinshi, Yao He was awarded the title of Shaanxi/Wugong County Master Book, which means that Yao He's career began at the age of forty. The official of the main book, a civilian, is mainly responsible for recording the daily events in the county and various documents of the county department. The "county annals" that we see today were handed down after being recorded by the master books of past dynasties. Thanks to these master books, China's local history, although it is the lowest-level small official, has shown great value through accumulation. Of course, in a county, it is impossible to have great events every day, so the main book is relatively idle, and there is plenty of time to write your own poems, drink your own wine, raise your own flowers and plant your own small vegetable garden ... You can also walk around the east and west, as long as you don't leave the county. State and county officials in the Tang Dynasty were regarded as "out of bounds privately" if they didn't go to other counties on business, and even if they were secretariat officials or county decrees, they would be punished with "one hundred sticks".
From the beginning, Yao He became an official, and he was half-hearted and took a secluded attitude. In the poem "Thirty Poems in Wugong County", the first sentence of his first poem shows the idea that "the county is far away from the imperial city/being an official and hiding"; In the second song, it is said that "Fang Zhuo is natural/it is a matter of being an official ... it is a good thing to keep fit/in addition, it is more empty"; The ninth song says, "There's nothing else to do when you get to the official/you can plant a lot of flowers"; The seventeenth song says, "I often beg for leave every ten days/explore money every other month" (I don't even bother to get my salary every month); The twenty-second song is "keeping in good health is suitable for the county/saying that the product is good for the official." The third poem, I think, is the representative of this group of his poems, and it also fully reveals his leisurely outlook on life at the age of forty-< P > He is as ignorant as a horse, but he is only in the dust. Follow me wherever I am poor, and always take advantage of others.
a book sells your eyesight, but a glass of wine consumes your mind. Early retirement, deep in this body. As soon as he became an official, he retired. Such people are really rare. Therefore, Mr. Wen Yiduo said that he was "writing a gloomy five-character poem in a small office", unlike Bai Juyi who was "crying out to the society about their morbid little tragedies in all walks of life under the great burden of improving society". But I think this is just a poem. Yao He's real life course is different from poetry. Let's take a look at his official career!
In Wugong County, Yao He stayed for three years. As the saying goes, "the main seal stayed for three years, and the mountain lived for a rest", but he temporarily resigned after his rank expired. In the poem "Wugong County Will Enter the City", his joy of being without an official and being overweight is vividly on the paper. I don't know whether he is telling others or he really doesn't want to do anything, because it didn't take long for him to work as an army officer in the shogunate of Wei Bo. At that time, Wei Bo's time was Tian Hongzheng, who had many titles and titles, such as Dr. Guanglu/proofreading Stuart/Zhongshuling/Shangzhuguo/Yi Guogong, etc. From the poem "Rewarding Guanglu Tian Qing's Six Rhymes" written by Yao He, we can see that he went to the shogunate of Wei Bo's time and was invited by Tian Hongzheng. Although Tian Hongzheng also writes poems, he is not a poet. After all, he holds the title of our time, and his main business is to lead and defend the land and put down the rebellion. In the days of interacting with a group of soldiers, Yao He's performance in his poems is still half-hearted-"Looking for soldiers every day/Don't be a drinker after years/Don't have eye pain for a long time/Lung disease and still have no/servant's clothes are narrow/family feelings are rough/when will he have to go home/still be a mountain man" ... Tian Hongzheng dipped in a sugar pile that hasn't been a year in Wei Bo's appointment. Li Su is still less than a year, and then replaced by Tian Bu, Tian Bu is still less than a year, but was taken away by his teeth Shi Xiancheng. As for our poet Yao, the court saw that it was too messy there, so it transferred him to Fuping County to be a county captain from the ninth grade. Soon after, he was transferred to Wannian County, which is directly under the jurisdiction of the capital, as a county captain from Bapin.
At about the age of 48, Yao He was transferred back to Chang 'an, where he was appointed as the supervisor of the Imperial censor. At the age of 5, he was promoted from the seven grades to the imperial adviser. At the age of 52, he was appointed as a foreign minister of the household department from the sixth grade. At the age of 53, he was transferred to the capital, and Ren Zhengsi was promoted to the Golden State Secretariat. At the age of 54 to 55, he returned to Chang 'an, where he served as a doctor of punishments and a doctor of households. At the age of 56, he was transferred out of Beijing and went to Zhejiang to serve as the secretariat of Hangzhou. Three years later, I went back to Chang 'an three times, and Ren Zhengsi was the right doctor of the next rank. Another year, and give things. Another year, I became an official observer of Shanbi. At the age of 62, his last official position was as a secretary supervisor from Sanpin. Looking at his official history, although he began after the age of forty, he walked steadily, being promoted almost every two years on average, and never being demoted. There must be a secret.
Check out the court officials with more than five qualities he has made, including Cui Fuma, Li Taiwei (Li Deyu), Yang Shangshu (Juyuan Yang), Zheng Shangshu (Zheng Yuqing), Pei (Pei Du), Hu Ling (Ling Huchu), Tanaka Shuling (Tian Hongzheng), Bai Shaofu, (Bai Juyi) and Liu Langzhong (Liu Yuxi). Of course, judging from another angle, Yao He may have a good temper, and he doesn't intend to make enemies, let alone be aggressive. It was recorded in The Book of Scholars with Tao written by Li Shangyin in The Whole Tang Dynasty that Li Shangyin was appointed as the county commandant of Hongnong County and offended his boss Sun Jian (then the observer of Shanbi), so he wanted to resign and walk away. It happened that Yao He succeeded Sun Jian, and when he heard about it, he immediately called Li Shangyin back, showing his kindness (perhaps mixed with his love for Li Shangyin's poetic talent).
Yao heshi is really good at five laws. In the late Tang Dynasty, Zhang Wei also called "Yao/Jia" for the first time in the Poet's Subject-Object Diagram, and put him together with Jia Dao, and put him in the poetic style of "pure and elegant". Song Liu Kezhuang also said that Yao He's poems won Du Fu's "elegance"; Zhao Zizhi also co-edited the poems of Yao and Jia into a book "Ermiao Collection". Xin Wenfang, a Yuan Dynasty poet, saw from Yao He's poems that "there is a grand view of talented people", which is not an empty statement. I like Yao Heshi very much, and I think he is still very different from Jia Dao. At least his writing is "not hard/not sculpting/not resentful/not bitter", which makes people feel relieved. Yes, in fact, everyone in the world has their own sufferings, and it is always uncomfortable to talk about it. Therefore, Yao He understands that he wants to "have fun" by himself. As the saying goes, "Who is disease-free in the world/happiness among people is Zen" (see Yao He's poem "Sending a Silent Master").
I think he writes poems mostly for fun, looking for feelings in nature and playing with cleverness in words; After being an official, I am idle anyway. If I write with such a mentality, I will certainly be philosophical. Looking at the Five Laws, I think the most important and enjoyable thing is to look at the "Chin/Neck" couplet. Yao He wrote it very well. I will list a few words below. People who like it can write it down in calligraphy and hang it as a couplet in the house, which is the best application-
"Poetry in the world is rare/wine in the forest is higher"; "The home mountain is far from the city/there are many ships in the sun and moon"
"Let the horse only drink wine/defend itself without soldiers"; "I've come to understand/I haven't done my best"
"More books are getting heavier/less sleep is always new"; "I love the mountains and lie idle for a long time/I am thin in this world"
"Autumn rolls are better/I am fatter when I am famous"; "The mountain is quiet and the clouds are beginning to turn white/the branches are high and the fruits are getting thinner"
"Sleepless dreams/no number to avoid people calling"; "going with the forest in the next period/it's a labor on earth"
"it's difficult to return to the sea/everything on earth is empty"; "Looking at the moon is too loose/loving the depth of the water"
"You will feel old when you go up the mountain/forget your worries when you go through the temple"; "When drinking wine, the cup is too shallow/when looking for books, the words are too thick"
"Poetry is born in wine/the heart is on the hillside"; "If you have land, you can only plant bamboo/be homeless and keep geese"
Yao He died in the post of secretary supervisor, and after his death, the court posthumously awarded him as the minister of rites. Fang Gan, a disciple of his, wrote a poem "Crying for Yao Jian", which is quoted later as an evaluation of his life-a star falls on this cold night, and the star falls on the text, leaving an everlasting name. A few people become disciples when they enter the room, because Confucianism is a crying gentleman. There is no suggestion at home. Every time in the Ming Dynasty, the state-owned legacy continues to be correct. Xiao Xiang plain Chen funeral, hentai blowing rain wet Ming Jing.