Explanation of "being too busy" - being busy is also a kind of happiness, but it is really too busy, and there is no time to rest, and it is so busy. For example, if a friend comes back from a far away place and wants to be a guest at home, he has to cook and chat with the guests. At this time, he can be described as extremely busy. At this time, although he is very busy, he is happy in his heart. Yes, happy.
Source of the work
It comes from Confucius' "Xue Er", which is the title of the first chapter of "The Analects of Confucius". Each chapter in "The Analects of Confucius" generally uses the first two or three characters of the first chapter as the title of the chapter. "Xueer" contains 16 chapters, covering many aspects. Among them, the key points are "I have to examine myself three times every day"; "Be frugal in use and love others so that people can use their time"; "Harmony is the most precious thing in the use of etiquette" as well as moral categories such as benevolence, filial piety and trustworthiness.
Original text of the work
Confucius said: "Isn't it right to learn and practice from time to time? Isn't it a joy to have friends from afar? People don't know, but they are not stunned, and they are not happy. Gentleman?"
Notes on the work
(1) Zi: An honorific title for a man of status and knowledge in ancient China. Sometimes it is also called a man in general. The words "Master said" in "The Analects of Confucius" all refer to Confucius.
(2) Learning: The "learning" mentioned by Confucius here mainly refers to the study of traditional cultural classics such as rituals, music, poetry, and calligraphy of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
(3) Shi Xi: In the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, the word "Shi" was used as an adverb, meaning "at a certain time" or "at the appropriate time". However, Zhu Xi explained "Shi" as "Shi Chang" in "Analects of Confucius". "Xi" refers to practicing etiquette and music; reviewing poems and books. It also means review, practice, and practice.
(4) Said: The sound yuè means the same as joy, which means pleasure and happiness.
(5) You Peng: This book is "You Peng". An old note says, "fellow students are called friends", that is, people who study under the same teacher are called friends, that is, people who share the same goals.
(6) Le: It is different from speaking. An old note says that joy is found within, while joy is found outside.
(7) People don’t know: This sentence is incomplete and does not say what people don’t know. Missing object. Generally speaking, knowing means understanding. People don't know, which means that others don't understand themselves.
(8)愠: Sound yùn, anger, resentment.
(9) Gentleman: The gentleman in the Analects of Confucius sometimes refers to a virtuous person, and sometimes refers to a person with status. Here it refers to a person who is morally cultivated.
Translation of the work
Confucius said: "Isn't it also very pleasant to practice what you have learned after studying? Isn't it also very pleasant to have like-minded people coming from afar? ?If others don’t understand me but I am not angry, isn’t it also a morally cultivated person?"
Creative Background
Confucius once led some of his disciples to travel around the world for fourteen years, and revised it in his later years. He wrote the Six Classics (Poetry, Book, Rites, Music, Yi, Spring and Autumn). According to legend, he had three thousand disciples and seventy-two virtuous disciples. After Confucius's death, his disciples and his subsequent disciples recorded the words, deeds, quotes and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled them into the Confucian classic "The Analects of Confucius".
Confucius was revered as the "Sage of Heaven" and "Muduo of Heaven" in ancient times. He was one of the most erudite scholars in the society at that time. The most holy teacher, the teacher to all generations, Emperor Wenxuan, King Wenxuan, is the first among the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World".
Zhao Pu, a politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, once said that "half of the Analects of Confucius governs the world." It reflects from one side the great role and influence this book played in ancient Chinese society.
Appreciation of Works
Zhu Xi, a famous scholar in the Song Dynasty, spoke highly of this chapter, saying that it is "the door to Taoism and the foundation for accumulation of virtue." These three sentences in this chapter are very familiar to people. The explanation has always been: after learning, you often review and practice, wouldn't you be happy, etc. Three sentences, each with the same meaning, and there is no coherence between the preceding and following sentences. However, some people think that this explanation is not in line with the original meaning, pointing out that "learning" here does not refer to learning, but to doctrines or opinions; "Shi" cannot be interpreted as constant, but means the times or society; "Xi" does not mean review. But use, by extension, adoption.
Moreover, these three sentences are not isolated, but coherent with each other. The meaning of these three sentences is: If my theory is adopted by society, I will be very happy; to say the least, if it is not adopted by society, many friends agree with my theory and come to me to discuss issues. I also feel happy; to take a step back, even if the society does not adopt me and people do not understand me, I will not resent it. If I do this, isn’t it a gentleman? (See "Qilu Academic Journal" Issue 6, 1986) This This explanation can be justified, and it also has certain truths for readers to refer to when understanding the content of this chapter.
In addition, in the interpretation of the sentence "people don't know, they are not stunned", some people think that there is no object behind "people don't know", what do people don't know? At that time, because Confucius had a certain way of speaking He didn't need to say what he knew about the environment so that others could understand it, but he left a mystery to future generations. Some people say that this sentence follows the previous sentence: A friend from afar asked me for advice, and I told him that he didn't understand yet, but I didn't resent it. In this way, "people don't know" means "people don't know what I'm talking about." This explanation seems far-fetched.
In short, this chapter proposes that learning should be a pleasure and that people should be ignorant but not stunned. This reflects Confucius's ideas of being tireless in learning, tireless in teaching, focusing on self-cultivation, and being strict with himself. These ideas and propositions can be found in many places in the Analects of Confucius, which is helpful for an in-depth understanding of the content of the first chapter.
About the author
Confucius (September 28, 551 BC; August 27, lunar calendar; ~ April 11, 479 BC; February 11, lunar calendar) ;), the surname is Zi, with Kong as his surname and the courtesy name Zhongni. The second eldest child is Han nationality and a native of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius is a great thinker and educator in ancient my country, the founder of Confucianism, and one of the most famous cultural celebrities in the world. Compiled my country's first chronological history book, "Spring and Autumn". According to relevant records, Confucius was born in Changping Township, Zouyi, Lu State (now Luyuan Village, Nanxin Town, southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province); when Confucius died, he was 73 years old and was buried on the Surabaya River in the north of Qufu City, where Confucius is today . Confucius' words and deeds are mainly recorded in the Analects of Confucius, a collection of quotation-style prose, and "Historical Records: Confucius' Family" preserved in the pre-Qin and Qin-Han Dynasties.