Silk and paper, the materials used in calligraphy and painting, play a certain role in the dating of calligraphy and painting. The identification of silk and paper is another way to identify calligraphy and painting. Silk paintings in the late Zhou Dynasty, Chu tombs in the Warring States Period and later Han tombs in Mawangjiao were all painted on thin monofilaments, but so far, double filaments have not been used (that is, warp is double filaments and weft is monofilaments).
From the Five Dynasties to the Southern Song Dynasty, on the surface, in addition to monofilaments, there were also double filaments. Generally speaking, the silk of the Yuan Dynasty was a little thicker than that of the Song Dynasty, not as thin and white as that of the Song Dynasty, and it was still in a loose state. On the whole, the silk of the Ming Dynasty seems to be rough.
There was a kind of low-quality thin silk in the early and middle Ming Dynasty. Because this kind of silk is too thin to drip ink, painters often put it on paper before painting and calligraphy. In the ancient paper, Han and Jin dynasties, hemp was mostly regenerated from waste materials such as linen, sacks, Ma Xie and fishing nets, and raw hemp was also used-hemp was used in the north and ramie was used in the south.
2. Seal identification
The characteristics of the times and the breath of the seal are also evidence to identify calligraphy and painting. The flavor of the times of seal can be seen from its shape, seal script, engraving method, texture, printing color and so on. In the Song Dynasty, the materials of seals were mostly copper and jade, and a few were other materials. Since Wang Mian began to use stone carvings in Yuan Dynasty, more and more people have used them.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the seals of various stones were quite common, and the methods of seal cutting characters also had new changes. The stop stroke of each character of seal script is slightly thicker than the original stroke, but lighter and slightly yellow, which is somewhat different from the printing color of Yuan Dynasty. Most of the seals in the middle and late Ming Dynasty were stones, others were crystal, agate, copper and jade.
The characters of seal script used by painters and painters in the early Qing Dynasty did not change much, but the shapes and fonts of seal script tended to be diversified. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, various kinds of seals and seal cutting appeared, such as Zhejiang School and Anhui School, and most of them took Shuowen Jiezi as the main body.
3. Identification of inscription and postscript
Inscriptions can be divided into three categories: author's inscriptions, contemporary inscriptions and later generations' inscriptions. Common ones are true ancient paintings with a person's false postscript, or false ancient paintings with a person's true postscript. If there is an inscription on the painting by the author at the same time, make clear the relationship between him and the author. This situation is not necessarily known from the calligraphy and painting itself, but must be explored from some inscriptions.
How important the inscriptions and postscripts of later generations can play in the identification of calligraphy and painting should be analyzed according to the specific situation. Such as calligraphy and painting or inscriptions, especially calligraphy and painting inscriptions. , are considered to be the clues exposed by forgers. Avoid.
In the feudal emperor era, writing should be taboo, that is, when writing a word with the same name as the dynasty emperor, you should write less. This is called taboo, which is also commonly known as lack of pens. In painting and calligraphy, we can see which generation of emperors avoided the word without pen, and we can draw the conclusion that the period of painting and calligraphy creation can not be earlier than that of the avoided generation of emperors, otherwise it is a forged loophole.
Extended data:
There is an interrelated phenomenon in the art field of the Chinese nation, especially in various arts centered on Chinese culture. Although their shapes and uses are different, and the methods and tools of expression are different, the artistic charm and interest of different kinds of art, that is, the national characteristics expressed, are similar in essence.
For example, architecture and clothing are built on a broad and serious basis; The display of tables and chairs is called the keynote by the user; Even in the literary language, there have been four or six rows of even-numbered works that have never been seen in the languages of all nationalities in the world, and so on. This is the beauty of symmetry that is particularly emphasized in China culture. Therefore, the requirement of symmetry runs through most calligraphy and painting arts, and it also has some unique internal relations.
Only one line is used to describe the characters. Without the help of shadows, several lines are added to the cheeks to make the characters stand out. This is called "vivid". In the field of painting, the word "vivid" does not specifically refer to portraits, but is often used to describe other objects, such as "landscape vivid" and "flowers and birds vivid".
Using this word mainly refers to removing all the details of objects and images, but grasping their overall points. Therefore, many "freehand brushwork" characters are not mistaken for cats and dogs by the audience; A touch of a distant mountain was not mistaken by the audience for a wet mark on the paper. Special attention should be paid to drawing tree trunks, flower heads, mountains and rivers, and clothes pleats. It is better not to be completely identical than to allow soft brushwork.
Sogou encyclopedia-identification of ancient paintings
2. Words describing ancient painting idioms about painting and their explanations are as follows: Spring breeze at the bottom of the pen: painting and poetry are vividly described, such as spring breeze.
Mo Miao, a master of meticulous brushwork: meticulous brushwork and clever ink. Describing calligraphy, painting, poetry and other techniques is ingenious and subtle.
Spring breeze in the pen: vividly depict painting and composition, just like spring breeze in the pen. It is also a metaphor for words that can benefit people.
Mismanagement: ① The original meaning is to outline the outline with light color before painting, painstakingly conceive and manage the position. In the ancient paintings of Sheikh in the Southern Dynasties, Shang position is one of the six painting methods.
(2) Extension refers to painstakingly planning and doing something. Also known as "bleak management" sloppy: painting, painting trees sloppy, not meticulous.
Metaphor work rough, not serious and meticulous. Danqing: Danqing: cinnabar and Huang Qing are two pigments commonly used in ancient paintings, which are not easy to fade.
Perseverance is remarkable. Overpainting: painting in red and cyan, referring to painting.
The beauty of the scenery in the painting exceeds the actual scenery. Describe the superb painting skills.
Click on the screen to become a fly: screen: screen. Draw the stain on the screen as a fly.
Describe the superb painting skills. Carving ice and painting grease: Carving on ice and painting on solidified grease.
Metaphor in vain, in vain. Scribble: a metaphor for casually drawing with a pen.
Later, it was used as a modest word for writing or painting. The same as "painting the east and painting the west".
Draw a corner, draw a head: Deliberately describe to make the outline or image clear. More refers to painting or writing deliberately imitating, nothing new.
Painting and carving ice: carving: carving. Paint on grease and carve on ice.
Metaphor is futile. Bunch: The appearance of being mixed together.
Be integrated and inseparable. It also describes the painting, uniform layout and strict structure of the article.
Blend: to blend together. Be integrated and inseparable.
It also describes the painting, uniform layout and strict structure of the article. Pheasant: pheasant: pheasant.
The original intention is that Jin Ba's calligraphy is compared with a chicken raised by a writer, and Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is compared with a pheasant to show the distance. It is also a metaphor for different styles of calligraphy and painting.
Jiangshan's help: Jiangshan: landscape; Help: Help. The help of natural scenery.
Poems and paintings that describe elegance and vulgarity are all influenced by natural landscapes. Opening the Buddha's eyes: refers to sculpture or painting the Buddha statue, and finally points the eyes.
Vivid: Describe clearly and vividly, just like painting. Vivid: Describe clearly and vividly, just like painting.
Write like a fly: because of a mistake, draw the stain on the screen as a fly. Describe the superb painting skills.
Wonderful hand Dan Qing: wonderful hand: a person with superb skills; Dan Qing: the pigment of painting, which is a metaphor for the art of painting. Refers to an excellent painter.
Handle with a brush: take a pen. Borrow refers to writing or painting.
Chyi Chin's calligraphy and painting: playing the piano, playing chess, writing and painting. It is often used to express a person's cultural accomplishment.
Craftsmanship: Describe ingenious ideas such as architecture and painting, which are beyond human power. Lick the ink: lick the nib with your tongue; Ink absorption: suck the ink on the brush with your mouth.
Writing a poem, composition or painting. Dense: sparse: sparse; Dense: dense; To: Fun.
Refers to the layout of gardens or paintings, which are sparse and shallow, and dense and dense, which is very interesting. Ink absorption: ink absorption: suck the ink on the brush with your mouth; Lick the tip of the brush with your tongue.
Writing a poem, composition or painting. Tang Lin Jin Tie: Pro: Imitation calligraphy and painting; Post: A model of calligraphy and painting.
The calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty was mostly a model of copying Jin people, which was born out of change. Metaphor is good at plagiarism and less original.
Bunker: A bird of prey, such as an eagle, used for hunting. Hardly had the rabbit jumped up when the stork swooped down.
Metaphor is agile. It is also a metaphor for drawing or writing an article quickly and smoothly.
When a rabbit walks, it falls: an agile metaphor. It is also a metaphor for drawing or writing an article quickly and smoothly.
See Rabbit Up and Down. Fly by mistake: mistakenly draw the stain on the screen as a fly.
Describe the superb painting skills. Wind and thunder: describe calligraphy or painting as fast and magnificent.
Chest gully: mound: mound; Gully: Gully. When it comes to painting and composition, I have grasped the profound artistic conception in my heart.
It is also a metaphor for judging and handling things. There are hills and valleys in the chest: hills: hills; Gully: Gully.
When it comes to painting and composition, I have grasped the profound artistic conception in my heart. It is also a metaphor for judging and handling things.
Hills and valleys in the chest: hills: hills; Gully: Gully. When it comes to painting and composition, I have grasped the profound artistic conception in my heart.
It is also a metaphor for judging and handling things. Embroidered carving: Lu: a hut on the mountain gate; Liao: The roof.
Multicolored painted gatehouse, carved roof. Describe the exquisiteness and grandeur of architecture.
Meaning follows the pen: refers to writing poetry and painting. Once the idea or conception is clear and mature, the artistic conception can be immediately presented to the pen. Describe quick thinking when writing.
Overflow: ink: paper ink. Poetry and painting should express some thoughts and feelings beyond paper and ink.
3. Appreciation of Landscape Poetry and Julie Pavilion
Wang Wei
I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming a song.
It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue.
The poet sat alone in the depths of the bamboo forest, playing the piano and whistling. No one knows his existence, only the bright moon accompanies him. Nature knows his inner loneliness best, and the bright moon brings him a quiet happiness. Things and I are one.
I forgot that Zen and poetry are in perfect harmony.
Chai Lu
Wang Wei
There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice.
The sun shines on me from the green moss.
Wang Wei is also good at capturing the touching moments of sound, color, picture and emotion, and unifying them to convey them best.
In the mood and artistic conception, express it in appropriate language.
Niaomingjian
Wang Wei
People are idle and sweet-scented osmanthus falls, and the night is quiet and empty.
When the moon rises and the mountain birds are startled, when the spring flows.
In the mountains.
Wang Wei
White stone comes out of Jingxi, and red leaves are sparse in cold days.
There is no rain on the mountain road and the air is green and wet.
An autumn night in the mountains
Wang Wei
The empty mountain after the rain stands in the autumn evening.
Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream.
The bamboo whispers that the laundry girl returns, and the lotus leaves lie in front of the fishing boat.
My friend's prince, what does it matter if spring is over and you are still here? .
Spend the night on Jiande River.
meng haoran
When my boat was sailing in the fog, the sun faded and old memories began.
How vast the world is, how close the trees are to heaven, and how close the moon is to the water! .
Tianjin Sha Qiu Si
Ma Zhiyuan
Dead vines, old trees, faint crows,
Small bridges and flowing water.
The ancient road comes from the west and the horse is thin.
The sun went down,
Heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
Night berth near Fengqiao
Tang zhangji
Frosty night, Jiang Feng, fishing fire, worrying about sleep.
Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang to the passenger ship at midnight.
Hangzhou wangchun
Bai Juyi
Looking at the sea tower in the distance, the morning is bright and the river bank is white.
Sheng Tao enlisted in the army that night, and Liu Sechun hid in Xiao Su's home.
Tea weaves silk to praise persimmons, and green flags sell wine and pear blossoms.
Who opens the southwest road of Lake Temple? The grass-green skirt is inclined at the waist.
Nanhu early spring
Bai Juyi
The wind returns to the clouds, breaking the rain, and the lake is warm.
Break the apricot hair of Hongshan randomly, and spread the new green water apples equally.
The low-winged white goose is still heavy and has a astringent tongue.
Not to mention that Jiang Nanchun is not good, your illness reduces your mood every year.
Spend the night on Jiande River.
meng haoran
When my boat was moored in the fog,
As the sun fades, old memories begin.
How wide the world is, how close the trees are to heaven,
The river is so clear that the moon is close to people.
Stay in the mountains
Xu Zhang
Light material state makes spring glow, not for lightness.
Even if there was no rain in Mystery, the clothes were dyed deep in the clouds.
4. Words describing ancient painting idioms about painting and their explanations are as follows: Spring breeze at the bottom of the pen: painting and poetry are vividly described, such as spring breeze.
Mo Miao, a master of meticulous brushwork: meticulous brushwork and clever ink. Describing calligraphy, painting, poetry and other techniques is ingenious and subtle.
Spring breeze in the pen: vividly depict painting and composition, just like spring breeze in the pen. It is also a metaphor for words that can benefit people.
Mismanagement: ① The original meaning is to outline the outline with light color before painting, painstakingly conceive and manage the position. In the ancient paintings of Sheikh in the Southern Dynasties, Shang position is one of the six painting methods.
(2) Extension refers to painstakingly planning and doing something. Also known as "bleak management" sloppy: painting, painting trees sloppy, not meticulous.
Metaphor work rough, not serious and meticulous. Danqing: Danqing: cinnabar and Huang Qing are two pigments commonly used in ancient paintings, which are not easy to fade.
Perseverance is remarkable. Overpainting: painting in red and cyan, referring to painting.
The beauty of the scenery in the painting exceeds the actual scenery. Describe the superb painting skills.
Click on the screen to become a fly: screen: screen. Draw the stain on the screen as a fly.
Describe the superb painting skills. Carving ice and painting grease: Carving on ice and painting on solidified grease.
Metaphor in vain, in vain. Scribble: a metaphor for casually drawing with a pen.
Later, it was used as a modest word for writing or painting. The same as "painting the east and painting the west".
Draw a corner, draw a head: Deliberately describe to make the outline or image clear. More refers to painting or writing deliberately imitating, nothing new.
Painting and carving ice: carving: carving. Paint on grease and carve on ice.
Metaphor is futile. Bunch: The appearance of being mixed together.
Be integrated and inseparable. It also describes the painting, uniform layout and strict structure of the article.
Blend: to blend together. Be integrated and inseparable.
It also describes the painting, uniform layout and strict structure of the article. Pheasant: pheasant: pheasant.
The original intention is that Jin Ba's calligraphy is compared with a chicken raised by a writer, and Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is compared with a pheasant to show the distance. It is also a metaphor for different styles of calligraphy and painting.
Jiangshan's help: Jiangshan: landscape; Help: Help. The help of natural scenery.
Poems and paintings that describe elegance and vulgarity are all influenced by natural landscapes. Opening the Buddha's eyes: refers to sculpture or painting the Buddha statue, and finally points the eyes.
Vivid: Describe clearly and vividly, just like painting. Vivid: Describe clearly and vividly, just like painting.
Write like a fly: because of a mistake, draw the stain on the screen as a fly. Describe the superb painting skills.
Wonderful hand Dan Qing: wonderful hand: a person with superb skills; Dan Qing: the pigment of painting, which is a metaphor for the art of painting. Refers to an excellent painter.
Handle with a brush: take a pen. Borrow refers to writing or painting.
Chyi Chin's calligraphy and painting: playing the piano, playing chess, writing and painting. It is often used to express a person's cultural accomplishment.
Craftsmanship: Describe ingenious ideas such as architecture and painting, which are beyond human power. Lick the ink: lick the nib with your tongue; Ink absorption: suck the ink on the brush with your mouth.
Writing a poem, composition or painting. Dense: sparse: sparse; Dense: dense; To: Fun.
Refers to the layout of gardens or paintings, which are sparse and shallow, and dense and dense, which is very interesting. Ink absorption: ink absorption: suck the ink on the brush with your mouth; Lick the tip of the brush with your tongue.
Writing a poem, composition or painting. Tang Lin Jin Tie: Pro: Imitation calligraphy and painting; Post: A model of calligraphy and painting.
The calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty was mostly a model of copying Jin people, which was born out of change. Metaphor is good at plagiarism and less original.
Bunker: A bird of prey, such as an eagle, used for hunting. Hardly had the rabbit jumped up when the stork swooped down.
Metaphor is agile. It is also a metaphor for drawing or writing an article quickly and smoothly.
When a rabbit walks, it falls: an agile metaphor. It is also a metaphor for drawing or writing an article quickly and smoothly.
See Rabbit Up and Down. Fly by mistake: mistakenly draw the stain on the screen as a fly.
Describe the superb painting skills. Wind and thunder: describe calligraphy or painting as fast and magnificent.
Chest gully: mound: mound; Gully: Gully. When it comes to painting and composition, I have grasped the profound artistic conception in my heart.
It is also a metaphor for judging and handling things. There are hills and valleys in the chest: hills: hills; Gully: Gully.
When it comes to painting and composition, I have grasped the profound artistic conception in my heart. It is also a metaphor for judging and handling things.
Hills and valleys in the chest: hills: hills; Gully: Gully. When it comes to painting and composition, I have grasped the profound artistic conception in my heart.
It is also a metaphor for judging and handling things. Embroidered carving: Lu: a hut on the mountain gate; Liao: The roof.
Multicolored painted gatehouse, carved roof. Describe the exquisiteness and grandeur of architecture.
Meaning follows the pen: refers to writing poetry and painting. Once the idea or conception is clear and mature, the artistic conception can be immediately presented to the pen. Describe quick thinking when writing.
Overflow: ink: paper ink. Poetry and painting should express some thoughts and feelings beyond paper and ink.
5. Appreciation of Sentences in Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival (Text) The author of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is Zhang Zeduan, a painter in Song Dynasty. Zhang Zeduan, a native of Shandong Province, studied painting in Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) in his early years, and then entered the Northern Song Dynasty Painting Academy to paint. Although there are few records about him, this masterpiece has made future generations remember him forever. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a silk scroll with a length of 528 cm and a height of 248 cm. The picture depicts the bustling scene of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, during the Qingming period. The riverside scene on Qingming Festival was a folk custom at that time, such as today's holiday party, where people took part in business activities. The whole picture is large in scale and rigorous in structure. It is roughly divided into three sections: the first section is the suburban landscape, the second section is the Bianhe River, and the third section is the urban market.
First, the scene on the outskirts of Bianjing. Farmers farm in the fields, and rich people come back from sweeping graves. On the way, people carrying teams, porters and cyclists are rushing to the city. Next is the most wonderful part-Bianhe. The arch bridge on the Bianhe River is like a rainbow. Pedestrians on the bridge are like a tide, bustling, jostling shoulder to shoulder, and ships under the bridge compete for beauty. Many small plots are very interesting. If a frightened horse on the bridge causes danger, the donkey is also frightened, and curious people are watching. Then describe the Bianjing market. Bianjing, as the political, economic and cultural center at that time, was full of yamen, houses, workshops, restaurants, scattered houses, downtown, nine schools and three religions. The picture unfolds a leisurely scene with tension and relaxation, forming an interesting contrast and rhythm. By describing the architecture, commerce and transportation of Bianjing, the painter reproduces the prosperity and development of the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.
There are more than 550 people, more than 60 kinds of livestock, more than 20 wooden boats, more than 30 pavilions and more than 20 wheelbarrows on the Riverside Map at Qingming Festival. Such rich and colorful contents are rare in ancient paintings of past dynasties. What is commendable is that every figure, scene and detail in the painting are arranged reasonably, and the relationship between the pictures such as density, complexity, movement, gathering and dispersion is properly handled, so that it is complicated but not messy. It fully shows the painter's profound insight into social life and high artistic accomplishment and expression ability. The Riverside Scene on the Qingming Festival is not only a treasure of realistic painting art, but also provides us with rich video materials such as commerce, handicrafts, folk customs, architecture and transportation in the metropolis of the Northern Song Dynasty. Therefore, it also has the value of historical documents.
In the art history of China, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is the most legendary work, which has been copied the most in past dynasties. There have been many legends and mysteries about the textual research and the dispute between authenticity and falsehood of the version of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival since ancient times. For thousands of years, imperial nobles and literati have never stopped plundering and collecting the Riverside Map at Qingming Festival. How did the original painting The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival come into being? What kind of person is its author Zhang Zeduan?
6. Appreciate beautiful sentences, which should not be too short. The first time I read Moonlight on the Lotus Pond was in a Chinese class in junior high school.
Although I didn't know the author's inner feelings at that time, I was fascinated by the quiet, mysterious and beautiful moonlight of the lotus pond for a long time. At the beginning of the article, I didn't directly describe the moonlight in the lotus pond, but said that the author was "restless these days", although the Chinese teacher also analyzed the cultural background of the author when writing this article, which made us more or less understand the author's situation.
Perhaps because "my heart is quite restless", I naturally think of "the lotus pond I walk through every day", so I have a desire to see "otherwise" the lotus pond.
At this time, the author still didn't write his moonlight on the lotus pond, but expressed his inner feelings on the way to the lotus pond. "I like lively and calm; Love to live in groups and love to be alone. "
"In the boundless moonlight, you can think of anything or nothing." "I feel like a free man." It can be seen that the author at this time is the real original him.
Without any embellishment or hypocrisy, I just "feel like a free man". It is not a matter of a word or two to be true to yourself when you are true, because some things are often involuntary and some are forced.
Therefore, while "the world seems to belong to me", "what must be done and said during the day can be ignored now." The only thing to do is to "enjoy the boundless moonlight in the lotus pond."
With a change of pen, the author naturally leads the reader to the moonlight of the lotus pond like an ancient painting. Winding Lotus Pond, Leaves in the Field, Like a graceful dancer's skirt.
Sporadic white flowers, or graceful, or shy, like pearls, like stars, and like beautiful women who have just bathed. From the beginning, the author vividly described the lotus leaf and lotus flower from different angles by using rich metaphors and anthropomorphic techniques.
Generally speaking, it gives people a fresh and noble feeling. The breeze blows, the fragrance lingers, and it's like a faint song on a distant building.
Very vividly from the sense of smell caused by hearing and association. When describing the vibration of leaves and flowers, it is "like lightning" and "like a series of waves".
At this time, under the leaves, "the flowing water covers the leaves, and the leaves are windier." After the description of the lotus pond, there is moonlight next.
"Moonlight is like running water" and "quietly pours on this leaf and flower." The word "Xie" gives the still moonlight a sense of movement and gives people a romantic artistic conception of "moonlight bath".
"Thin Blue Fog", "Milk" and "A Dream of Veil" seem to be both true and illusory, cleverly casting a mysterious veil over the moonlight in the lotus pond. Next, it describes the bush "shadow" falling like a ghost, and the willow "sparse beautiful shadow painted on the lotus leaf"
Melody of light and shadow, Like a famous song played in the Vatican. Although there are only a few strokes, they can bring different sensory impulses and enjoyment to readers from different directions and degrees.
From the lotus pond to the moonlight, and then from the moonlight to the four sides of the lotus pond, advance layer by layer. Although the author did not describe in detail the willows, distant mountains, lights and even cicada frogs around the lotus pond, it may be a mood factor.
Because from the author's "wonderful is theirs, I have nothing", there is a taste of "the past is unbearable." At the end of the article, the author ends with "picking lotus".
I think of picking lotus from the lotus pond, and then I think of "Lotus Picking Fu" and "Xizhou Qu": Lotus is picked in autumn in Nantang, and the lotus is over the head; With his head down, he fiddled with the lotus seeds in the water, which were as green as the lake. In this way, the whole article ended in a poetic tone.
Just extract some.
7. Appreciation of the poem "The rain in the sky is crisp, the grass is near in the distance, but there is nothing" is a famous sentence of Han Yu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.
The meaning of the poem is that in the drizzle in early spring, the spring grass germinates and looks pale green from a distance, but after entering, only the grass buds are extremely sparse, but the green is not felt.
Poetry has beautiful artistic conception and rich philosophy. It makes us realize that when we are too close, sometimes we can't feel what actually exists; To catch something, sometimes you need to jump out; People's views on things are related to their feelings about beauty ... In fact, many things and phenomena in life contain the artistic conception and philosophy of these two poems, and the key lies in your observation and experience.
8. Poems describing color and appreciation 1, such as Du Fu's quatrains: two orioles sing green willows and a row of egrets soar into the sky. My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships heading east. The author describes the newly grown willow branches, pairs of orioles, yellow is particularly bright on the green background, free egrets fly in the blue sky, white is particularly pleasing to the eye on the blue background, and four bright colors of green, yellow, white and blue constitute a gorgeous picture.
2. Bai Juyi's Memory of Jiangnan, "Sunrise flowers are better than fire, and spring water is as blue as blue", describes the flowers in the river under the red sun with bright and charming colors and strong contrast, and outlines a vibrant Jiangnan beauty.