Chang 'e-1 is China's first artificial satellite orbiting the moon, which was developed by China Academy of Space Technology. Chang 'e-1 platform was developed on the basis of China's mature Dongfanghong-3 satellite platform, fully inherited the existing mature technologies and products of China Resources-2 satellite and China-Brazil Earth Resources satellite, and made adaptive transformation. The satellite platform was developed with the technology of Dongfanghong-3 satellite platform, and eight subsystems, including structure, propulsion, power supply, measurement and control, and data transmission, were modified adaptively. Chang 'e-1 is a 2m× 1.72m× 2.2m cuboid with solar panels on both sides. When fully unfolded, the maximum span is 18. 1m, and the weight is 2350kg. Payload includes CCD stereo camera, imaging spectrometer, solar cosmic rays monitor, low-energy particle detector and other scientific detection instruments.
Chang 'e-1 lunar exploration satellite consists of two parts: satellite platform and payload. Chang 'e-1 satellite platform consists of nine subsystems, including structural subsystem, thermal control subsystem, guidance subsystem, navigation and control subsystem, propulsion subsystem, data management subsystem, measurement and control data transmission subsystem, directional antenna subsystem and payload. These subsystems perform their respective duties and work together to ensure the smooth completion of the lunar exploration mission. The payload on the satellite is used to complete the scientific exploration and test of the moon, and other subsystems provide support, control, instruction and management services for the normal work of the payload.
According to the four scientific tasks of China's lunar exploration project, Chang 'e-1 carried 24 scientific detection instruments of 8 categories, weighing 130 kg, namely microwave detector system, gamma spectrometer, X-ray spectrometer, laser altimeter, solar high-energy particle detector, solar wind ion detector, CCD stereo camera and interference imaging spectrometer.
In the initial sample development stage, two initial sample satellites, namely the electric satellite and the structural satellite, undertake satellite testing. The satellite test is mainly used for the comprehensive test of some equipment with electronic performance. The test of structural star is mainly to check the rationality of structural design and the rationality of temperature control design of the whole star. The whole star test is carried out on two initial stars. The whole initial testing stage lasted until June 2007, and then entered the stage of satellite prototype development, and the prototype satellite Chang 'e-1 was developed.
In order to ensure the completion of the lunar exploration project, the 4 1 reliability design of the Long March 3A rocket, which undertakes the satellite launch mission, was carried out to improve its carrying reliability.
Chang 'e-1 lunar exploration satellite was launched by the Long March 3A carrier rocket in xichang satellite launch center on October 24th, 2007. Running in a circular polar orbit 200 kilometers from the surface of the moon, carrying out scientific exploration tasks.
Around 20071October 24th 18: 05 (UTC+8: 00), Chang 'e-1 probe was successfully launched from xichang satellite launch center by the Long March 3A carrier rocket. After the satellite is launched, it takes 8 to 9 days to complete the phase modulation orbit, the earth-moon transfer orbit and the orbit around the moon. After eight orbit changes, it officially entered the working track on165438+10.7. 165438+1October 18, the satellite turned to the moon orientation attitude,165438+1October 20th, and the detection data began to be transmitted back.
On June 26th, 2007, China National Space Administration officially released the first image of the lunar surface sent back by Chang 'e-1 satellite.
At 6: 438 on February 2, 2007, the conference to celebrate the complete success of China's first lunar exploration project was held in the Great Hall of the People.
At 6: 00 on March/KOOC-0/day/KOOC-0/2009, Chang 'e-1 satellite successfully crashed into the moon under control. The first phase of China's lunar exploration project has come to a successful conclusion.
Ye Peijian, chief designer and commander of Chang 'e-1 satellite, revealed in February 2008 that Chang 'e-2 satellite will be launched around 20 10. Launched on 10, 10, 1, 18: 59: 57. This is the sister star of Chang 'e-1 satellite, which was launched by the Long March III C rocket. Because the main task of Chang 'e II is to obtain clearer and more detailed image data of the lunar surface and the surface data of the lunar polar region, the resolution of CCD camera carried on the satellite will be higher, reaching about 10 meter, and other detection equipment will be improved, and the amount of information about the moon detected will be greater.
Ye Peijian, chief designer and commander of Chang 'e-1 satellite: The flight procedure of Chang 'e-2 satellite is similar to Chang 'e-1. The key point is that its working orbit is 200 kilometers, and we are going to reduce it to 100 kilometers. Chang 'e II should be launched around 2065,438+00.
Ye Peijian introduced that the Chang 'e project is divided into three steps. After the satellite orbits the moon, it will launch a lander to the moon. The key technology research project has been started and a breakthrough will be made within two years.
Hu Hao, deputy to the National People's Congress and director of the Lunar Exploration Engineering Center of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, said that Chang 'e-1 originally had a backup star, and now it is being improved. After the transformation, it will be launched as Chang 'e II just like Chang 'e I.
Hu Hao said that there is no specific timetable for the launch of Chang 'e II. "When the research is over, the problem will be solved. After the final equipment system test and verification is completed, consider the launch problem. " Hu Hao analyzed that we are concerned about the process, but the masses are concerned about the results of the launch, and everyone has different concerns. He revealed that Chang 'e II is currently being demonstrated and the plan has not yet been taken out. It will learn from the management, technology and experience of understanding the space environment of Chang 'e-1, but its technology will be improved. At the same time, Hu Hao said that the technical status of Chang 'e-2 didn't want to change much, otherwise it would easily bring risks and cost a lot of money. The second phase of the lunar exploration project has successfully launched Chang 'e III, and Chang 'e IV will be launched later.
On the afternoon of June 5438+065438+1October 12, 2008, the National Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense held a ceremony to release the full moon image map of the lunar exploration project and hand over the scientific data. Chen Qiufa, vice minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and director of the State Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, revealed that Chang 'e II is scheduled to be launched before the end of 20 10.
Chen Qiufa pointed out that the first anniversary of the "Chang 'e-1" satellite in orbit has completed all the objectives and scientific exploration tasks of the project, which marks the complete success of the first phase of China's lunar exploration project! The complete success of the project has achieved the goal of "producing results, experiences, models and talents" put forward by the leading group.
Chen Qifa said that in early 2008, the State Council officially approved the second phase of lunar exploration. The second phase of the project is mainly to develop and launch the "Chang 'e III" and "Chang 'e IV" lunar probes. Achieving a soft landing on the moon is a great technological leap and a great engineering risk. In order to ensure the success of the second phase project, we improved the backup star of the first phase project and named it "Chang 'e II" as the leading star of the second phase project, mainly to verify some new technologies and equipment in advance, reduce engineering risks and deepen the scientific exploration of the moon.
Chang 'e III will realize the soft landing and patrol mission of the moon and be launched by Long March 3B. In terms of science and technology, the second phase of the project will achieve four firsts. We developed and launched China's first extraterrestrial celestial landing probe and patrol probe, launched the Earth-Moon transfer orbit spacecraft with the Long March 3B carrier rocket for the first time, established and used TT&C network for TT&C communication for the first time, and achieved major breakthroughs such as lunar soft landing, lunar patrol and moonlit night survival for the first time, and carried out research on lunar surface topography and geological structure, mineral composition and chemical composition, and internal structure of the moon.
The Chang 'e-3 lunar probe, which shoulders the heavy responsibility of "falling to the moon", was launched by the Long March 3B carrier rocket on February 2, 2003 1: 30.
201312 at 2 a.m. on February 2, China successfully sent the Chang 'e-3 lunar probe into space by the Long March 3B carrier rocket.
20 13, 12, 14, 2 1,1,18.695 seconds, Chang' e III successfully landed, and the landing camera returned images.
One arc and two points, freehand brushwork to explore the moon
Gu Yongjiang, the logo designer of China's lunar exploration project, said that this work left a space for the viewer to think, and the footprints could be everyone's.
Creative inspiration comes from calligraphy.
Gu Yongjiang is from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Growing up on the bank of Lanting, a holy place of calligraphy, he was deeply influenced by rural customs and began to copy inscriptions at the age of 6. Solid calligraphy skills pave the way for the inspiration of "The Picture on the Moon". Gu Yongjiang told reporters that China's calligraphy culture has profound connotations and is an inexhaustible source of design.
Recalling two years ago, Gu Yongjiang said that he accidentally saw a notice soliciting lunar exploration signs on the Internet and decided to participate in the submission, because creative design was his profession, and the Chinese lunar exploration project also aroused his strong interest in the field of space exploration.
Speaking of creative inspiration, Gu Yongjiang said: "From the very beginning, I thought that' the moon' could be written in ancient Chinese, and it was round, just like the moon. The two points in the middle can be replaced by footprints, symbolizing that humans have landed on the moon. " It is these "two points" that make this design have both China elements and a cross-cultural world mind, thus avoiding the narrowness of thinking.
Although the submission time was tight, it took Gu Yongjiang about 1 hour from clearing his mind to the final submission. For this design, Gu Yongjiang is most satisfied with those little feet. He said: "I left some room for the viewer to think in this work. Those footprints can be everyone's. "
Above the Moon is meaningful.
On February 10, 2006, Gu Yongjiang's lunar exploration symbol "On the Moon" won the championship in one fell swoop. According to experts' evaluation, this sign abstractly outlines a full moon with the strokes of China's calligraphy, and a pair of small footprints step on it, symbolizing the ultimate dream of exploring the moon. The starting point of the arc naturally forms a leader, symbolizing that China's space industry is flying like a dragon; The whole figure is cleverly composed of an arc and two points, which conveys a belief of exploration in freehand brushwork.
At that time, at the invitation of the Lunar Exploration Engineering Center of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, Gu Yongjiang communicated with a number of judges and experts and further revised the details of the logo. They changed the arc red in the first draft to blue, which reflected people's eternal dream of exploring the universe. Bofei, who put pen to paper, is composed of a group of doves for peace, expressing China's good wishes for the peaceful use of space. 120, the "First Moon Exploration Treasure in China" undertaken by the Lunar Exploration and Aerospace Engineering Center of the Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon Aerospace Science and Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Chang 'e Company) just before the launch of Chang 'e III.
20 13, 12, the lunar exploration project "Chang 'e III" was launched, which realized the soft landing of China spacecraft for the first time, and China's first lunar rover will land on the moon for patrol detection. This is the first soft landing probe for human beings to return to the moon after the Apollo program in the United States, which indicates that the 5,000-year-old Chinese dream is about to come true, and China will once again become the focus of world attention.
The lunar exploration project is a national landmark project. When a major event happens in the country, it will be remembered forever. In order to witness the launch of Chang 'e III, the world's first "China's first treasure seal for exploring the moon" authorized by Chang 'e Company and supervised by Beijing Gongmei Group was officially launched.
"China's first treasure seal for exploring the moon" combines many artistic forms such as poetry, calligraphy, jade and painting. It is based on the "Treasure of Fengtian" in the twenty-five treasures printed in Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, carefully selected Hetian jade, and artificially carved by using traditional jade seal making technology and modern jade carving technology. Guo Ming, the designer of the emblem of Beijing Olympic Games, is the chief designer. At the same time, a team of experts, including China jade carving master Wang Xiwei, famous calligrapher Zhao Changqing and China calligrapher Zhang Youdong, made great efforts to build it.
"China's first treasure seal for exploring the moon" is a majestic dragon shape. Two dragon claws are put together to form a treasure pearl symbolizing the moon. The symbol of "China's lunar exploration" is engraved on the pearl, symbolizing that the Chinese nation has realized its national dream of flying to the moon. The front of the seal base is engraved with Zhao Changqing's inscription "China's first lunar exploration seal"; Carved in gold on the back, Zhang Youdong inscribed "Exploring the Moon"; On the side, there are pictures of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon and China's lunar rover landing on the moon, and Zhao Changqing's inscription "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" and "Chinese Dream". The totem of 56 nationalities is carved on the upper part of the seal base, and the Great Wall pattern composed of auspicious patterns is carved on the lower part, which symbolizes the contributions of people of all ethnic groups in China and wishes the motherland a lasting foundation. The seal of the bag is the logo of "Chinese lunar exploration" and the words "20 13".
"China's first treasure seal for exploring the moon" is closely related to the theme of "Chang 'e III" landing on the moon for the first time, which has profound historical value and cultural implications. It is the carrier of China's dream of exploring the moon for hundreds of millions of children and bears witness to China's brilliant achievements in exploring the moon and spaceflight.
It is understood that the market development of China's lunar exploration project is one of the ways to encourage enterprises and the public to support China's lunar exploration, and the proceeds from market development will be directly used for scientific research awards and popular science education in China's lunar exploration. At the same time, the related products developed around China's lunar exploration project also witness and remember the brilliant achievements of China's lunar exploration in kind, so that the public can perceive China's lunar exploration project more truly and closely, leaving a historical memory that will be treasured forever.