What is even more unimaginable is that the ancients used hot water to make ice in summer instead of cold water.
This technology was recorded in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago. Is it even more incredible?
Is it really feasible to make ice with hot water?
When it comes to making ice with hot water, it is a big problem now, and there are strict requirements on specific operation methods, temperature, environment, air pressure and sealing degree.
There are many famous physicists in China who are constantly exploring the mystery of making ice with hot water.
Mr. Hong Zhenhuan, a famous physicist, is skeptical about making ice with hot water. He once did an experiment and put forward the statement that "air pressure affects freezing point", but the conclusion reached through the experiment was very disappointing.
Every time the pressure point is lowered, the freezing point of water increases by 0.008 degrees Celsius.
Through precise calculation, Hong Zhenhuan believes that without the cooperation of high technology, the ancients could not make ice cubes at all.
However, every word recorded in history will not be groundless, nor will it be a guess made by the ancients out of thin air. China people have always paid attention to the accumulation of experience and are not used to complicated scientific experiments. Therefore,
The experience that can be recorded is worth studying. It's not impossible, but people haven't discovered the mystery.
Later, another famous physicist, Mr. Li Zhichao, questioned Hong Zhenhuan's theory. He thinks that it was possible for the ancients in China to make ice in summer two thousand years ago. According to Mr. Li Zhichao's explanation, if there is a large enough container with only a small amount of water in it, after boiling for a period of time, when the overall water temperature of the container is at the same temperature as the water,
Then it is possible to make ice in summer, and it must be hot water.
The main principle used is that the rapid evaporation of water at low pressure can absorb heat and refrigerate. As long as all aspects are properly controlled, it is completely possible to make ice with hot water. Although the amount of ice cubes produced by this method is limited, the feudal society for thousands of years has always paid attention to centralization and was able to concentrate on doing great things.
The human resources possessed by the royal family are enormous, and it is entirely possible that many a mickle makes a mickle.
In fact, Mr. Li Zhichao's explanation has already been recorded in the classic book Huainan Wanbi Shu, and the principle described is basically the same as what Mr. Li Zhichao said, that is, the copper cylinder thunders.
That is, a small amount of hot water is put into a copper container, which is completely sealed and put into a deep well.
You can hear thunder and ice forms.
This thunder is actually formed after the second boiling of water, and the deep well water can form ice cubes after cooling.
Ice-making technology is constantly improving.
China people can create four great inventions. It is not a difficult problem to make ice with hot water, but it is a huge project after all.
And it is very precise and the production cost is very high.
Before the Han Dynasty, it was basically the royal family that had the ability to use and build ice cubes, and even aristocratic families were unable to complete the work. So at that time, the royal family would give the ministers ice as a reward.
The Tang Dynasty was the most prosperous period. At this time, the technology has been quite developed and close to maturity, and the technology of making ice with hot water has gradually improved. There are relevant historical records,
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, hot water was used to make ice.
Because of the huge workload, it was discarded and entered middle-income families in a cheaper way.
The improvement of hot water ice making technology originated from the discovery of saltpeter in Tang Dynasty. The characteristic of saltpeter is that when it is dissolved in water, it can absorb a lot of heat in the water, so that the water temperature quickly drops below zero degrees Celsius and finally forms ice cubes.
With the addition of saltpeter, the ice-making technology becomes very simple, and only two containers are needed.
A big container is filled with water, and a small container is also filled with water. Put the small container into the big container.
Then quickly add saltpeter to the big container to turn the water in the small container into ice.
The advantage of this ice-making technology is that it can make ice on a large scale, and the cost of making ice is also very low. This technology, we can imitate at home at ordinary times, the method is very simple.
The maturity of ice-making technology made the life of the ancients colorful.
In the days when there is no air-conditioned refrigerator, it is hard for people to imagine how the ancients spent the summer. Most people also think that the life of the ancients should be very monotonous. however
The maturity of ice-making technology completely changed the summer lifestyle of the ancients.
From the Tang Dynasty, saltpeter ice making gradually spread to middle-class families, and mass production of ice cubes began. By the Song Dynasty, a large number of cold drinks appeared, which was even more jaw-dropping.
In the eyes of China people, the Song Dynasty was a poor and weak dynasty. Song Dynasty was ruled by literati, lacking the martial arts style of Tang Han period. Scholars become the main body of a society, which will also make the cultural and artistic development of this society diversified. Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, painting, calligraphy and other artistic fields had reached the peak level in the world at that time.
It has become a place that people all over the world yearn for, and it has also promoted the colorful life of the people in the Song Dynasty.
Compared with the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty broke the boundary between the city and the square, and the nightlife was more abundant. It is hot in summer, and the nightlife time in Song Dynasty is prolonged.
Vendors selling chilled drinks such as papaya juice, bayberry water and mung bean water can often be seen in night markets.
Nowadays, the cold drinks that many people drink in summer actually originated from the Song Dynasty. The so-called "ice cream" originated from the ice cream in the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, due to the development of ice-making technology, cold drinks not only became diverse, but also the eating methods of cold drinks were more particular.
Among them, the typical ice cream is made of milk and ice cubes mixed with various fruit and vegetable juices, which is the earliest prototype of ice cream.
Later, it was spread to England by Kyle Poirot, and today's ice cream came into being.
In a word, the life of the ancients was far from boring as expected. Although there are no mobile phones, televisions, refrigerators and air conditioners, the life of the ancients in summer can still be colorful and envied by people now.
Of course, the diversification of these lifestyles also benefits from the maturity of technologies such as ice making, which we are proud of.
How much wealth our ancestors left us, and whether we can keep these wealth and carry it forward is what people need to do hard now.
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