The concept of 7% newness, that is, the completeness of the article, takes the book as an example: 7% newness means that there are no excessive stains, handwriting and damage except the front cover, back cover and inner page, which are worn, curled, with a small amount of missing corners, breakage and handwriting.
"What is the concept of 7% innovation" asks about the appearance.
the appearance is used to indicate the completeness of the collection. Paper money, calligraphy, Chinese painting, stamps and books can all be used to express their completeness.
the following is a brief introduction to banknotes, paintings, stamps, books, etc.
Note appearance:
Full standing: brand-new value edition, with neat corners, firm and clean.
product p>1: new product-the face of the coin is firm, slightly discolored and slightly creased, and it has just started to circulate.
product 9: it has been circulated, with obvious creases, slightly rounded corners and clean face.
8 products: after a long period of circulation, there are several obvious creases, the corners are round, the ticket faces are polluted, and some tickets are slightly soft.
product 7: long-term circulation, the ticket is soft, cracked, polluted or microporous.
product 6: the ticket is completely soft, with holes, and the cracks have penetrated into the pattern, but the pattern is basically clear.
Calligraphy and Chinese painting:
Calligraphy and Chinese painting pay great attention to appearance, and it is better to collect it than good calligraphy and Chinese painting. The same painting and calligraphy, with different appearance, will be several times different in price. The appearance of calligraphy and painting is defined by "quality":
Ten products: brand-new, flat, without wear, crease and seal, just like perfection without reading.
nine products: basically brand-new, with natural wear, a few slight creases, no pen marks, seals and ashes, but they can be removed, and the original paintings and calligraphy will not be damaged when the ashes are removed.
Eight products: there are slight stains on the picture of the book that cannot be removed, such as sweat and rust, and the corners of the book are slightly damaged.
seven products: moderate wear, no corner and no damage. The inner page is clean, flat, with some corners and individual handwriting, but there can be no handwriting such as ballpoint pen, signature pen and colored pen, and there can be no obvious stains.
six products: most of the luster is lost, and there are obvious scars and angular damage. There are obvious stains and deliberate repairs.
Wupin: The following paintings and calligraphy have no collection value unless they are rare or kept as materials.
Stamp appearance:
Stamp appearance is generally divided into seven grades, namely excellent product, top grade, top grade, inferior grade, medium grade, inferior grade and inferior grade. (The 1 items you mentioned are a popular name, and 1 items are equal to VF)
The integrity of a stamp is called the integrity of a stamp. According to the convention, the integrity of stamps is divided into five levels, which are represented by letters: that is, "VF" means complete; "f" means complete; "VG" means very good; "G" means good, "P" means bad.
stamps of top quality should be free from defects in printing and damage in preservation in four aspects: face, back, perforation and adhesive. All stamps with pollution, creases, damage or thin back are defective, and stamp collectors generally do not accept them collectively (except treasures).
A good stamp is a stamp with a clear face pattern, few postmarks and no defects.
The term "good appearance" used by philatelists refers to a perforated stamp, and its pattern is right in the middle of the four sides of the stamp.
Identification of stamp appearance
1. Whether the face is complete: A stamp with a broken face belongs to a poor appearance and cannot be included in the stamp collection. Of course, rare stamps are an exception.
2. whether there are any teeth: if a stamp is missing corners and teeth, it is also bad in appearance, especially the teeth at the four corners of the stamp. You should be especially careful not to make them defective.
3. Is the ticket face dirty? If you touch the stamp with dirty hands, it will stain the stamp, so wash your hands and try to get the stamp with tweezers. When sorting stamps, we should also pay attention to the environment, and don't let ink, tea, etc. on the table to avoid getting on the stamps.
4. whether to peel off the stamp: when peeling off the stamp from the envelope, you can't peel it off hard, otherwise, part of the back of the stamp will still stick to the envelope, making part of the stamp thinner, which is also a kind of bad appearance.
5. Whether the back glue is complete: new tickets are usually painted with glue on the back. The back glue of new tickets cannot be washed off, and the new tickets with the back glue washed off are also considered to be in poor appearance.
6. Is it wrinkled? If stamps are creased or wrinkled, they are considered to be in poor appearance. Some stamps are slightly wrinkled, which can be smoothed by proper ironing. But pay attention to the method when ironing.
7. Position of the face: The design of the stamp should be in the middle of the face, not too high or too low, nor too left or right. For stamps without perforations, scissors are often used to cut them, and the white edges around them should be even when cutting them.
8. Whether the postmark is properly stamped: The method of stamping the postmark is related to the purpose of collecting stamps. If you are mainly concerned about the design of stamps, you should ask the postmark to cover the stamps with as few marks as possible. Especially portrait stamps, the postmark can't be covered on people's heads. If the postmark is mainly collected, it should be clearly and completely stamped, otherwise it will be considered as bad appearance. As for the thick ink on the postmark, in either case, it is not welcome.
In general, what aspects should we identify the appearance of stamps?
There are ten important aspects to identify the appearance of stamps: the cleanliness of the face; Perforation integrity; Color smoothness; Accuracy of image (including map position); Whether the back glue is the original glue (new ticket); Whether there are spots and stains (old tickets); Postmark clarity; Whether there is a needle eye; Whether there is any exposure or uncovering; Whether there is any damage; Whether it is broken or not. Reasons for the fading and discoloration of stamps: The fading and discoloration of stamps are common problems for stamp collectors, which are mainly caused by long-term exposure to strong light or contact with acidic and alkaline substances; The main phenomena of discoloration and fading are: blue turns green, purple turns gray-blue, red-green color sets become only green, and paper turns green and yellow, which makes this discoloration a defective product. Generally speaking, the exhibition time should not be too long. One of the reasons is that stamps can't be illuminated under strong fluorescent light, otherwise the brush color of stamps will gradually fade, and the paper will turn yellow and brittle.
methods to maintain the good appearance of stamps
(1) In order to keep the paper color of stamps unchanged, the brush color will not fade, and the stamps will not be directly exposed to sunlight;
(2) When tearing stamps, you should fold them several times along the straight line of the perforation, and then tear them gently. Don't use scissors to cut stamps with perforations;
(3) When affixing tickets, don't paste them directly on the back of the stamps, so as to avoid discoloration or spots on the stamp paper, and use a pouch or glue paper;
(4) When removing stamps from old envelopes, you should cut the stamps together with the envelope paper, immerse them in water for about tens of minutes, and then they will separate themselves. Never tear them directly by hand, so as not to expose or tear them.
Appearance of the book:
1 Except for the signature, seal and inscription of the author and editor-in-chief, the book is completely new and slightly turned over, but there is nothing else unusual.
9 has been turned over many times, but it has not been widely borrowed. The book is generally new. There are natural slight wear and creases on the front cover and back cover. There can be a simple inscription and seal of the book collector, and there are no other pen marks, stains and damages.
8 Books that used to be highly mobile. Except for a few indelible stains on the front cover, back cover and inner page, and a little abrasion on the corner of the book, the whole book is not damaged.
7 Except for some abrasion, corner curl, a little corner missing, breakage and handwriting on the front cover, back cover and inner page, there are no excessive stains, handwriting and damage.
6 mainly refers to books with scars and repairs. Except for some scars, creases, handwriting, breakage and repair, there is no lack of skin and pages and large areas of pen marks and stains.
5 There is no cover, or there is a cover and a back cover, but there are incomplete and damaged books in the book.
4 Books without back cover, spine and serious damage.
3 Books without front cover, back cover, spine and copyright page.
2 books with only the title page and the summary.
1 books with extremely serious defects.