The "Art Curriculum Standard" makes the following explanation for the teaching of "Calligraphy and Seal Cutting" series: "Calligraphy and seal cutting use traditional tools and methods unique to China to shape the artistic image of Chinese characters and express emotions." It is also pointed out that "calligraphy and seal cutting" is a content series of art subjects in ordinary high schools. Calligraphy and seal cutting activities can help students improve their writing ability, feel the unique charm of China Chinese character art, and enhance their recognition and understanding of China traditional culture. "
This undoubtedly has a very clear guidance for our teaching work, and must always be implemented in our teaching process. Calligraphy, as the carrier of traditional culture, is also a unique art in China. In the process of teaching, we should embody the spirit of paying equal attention to learning the basic methods and skills of writing, understanding traditional culture and appreciating calligraphy art.
Based on this understanding, I have the following views on the "Calligraphy" module in senior high school art courses:
First, although the calligraphy module is an optional module, we think it is necessary for senior high school students to learn this module. Our school not only offers this module in art classes, but also requires every student to study it. At the same time, organize calligraphy interest groups, so that some students who are interested in calligraphy have the opportunity to further study.
Second, in the teaching of "calligraphy" module in senior high school, there are also difficulties in various aspects.
First, students are not paid enough attention to the training of students' writing in primary school and junior high school. Most of the current senior high school students have not been exposed to writing Chinese calligraphy, and some have not even seen others' writing Chinese calligraphy, which makes it difficult to appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese characters. Moreover, because calligraphy is not a subject in the college entrance examination, quite a few students don't pay attention to it at all, or because of the great pressure on the main subject, there is no way to take care of calligraphy learning.
On the other hand, there is a shortage of teachers in the content series of "Calligraphy and Seal Cutting". Even teachers majoring in fine arts can write Chinese calligraphy well and are not qualified for calligraphy teaching.
School equipment is also a problem. It is difficult for students to practice brush calligraphy in ordinary classrooms. The desk is too small, generally without paint, it is easy to get dirty, and the ink can't be washed out if you accidentally get it. Fortunately, our school has a good art room, including a large white painted table specially equipped for calligraphy practice, and a blanket for calligraphy practice, which is less likely to dirty the table and is easy to scrub clean when it is dirty.
Third, earnestly implement the Art Curriculum Standards and strive to improve the teaching quality of the "Calligraphy" module.
The Art Curriculum Standard points out: "The learning content should meet the learning interest of senior high school students, adapt to their actual learning ability and level, and should not be too high, too difficult or too professional", and also points out: to obtain spiritual pleasure; Love the excellent traditional culture of the motherland and establish national self-confidence and pride. Cultivate sentiment, enrich life interest, and develop good habits and attitudes of patience, meticulousness, preciseness and perseverance; Stimulate learning interest, develop personality and improve creativity; Adjust mental state and promote physical and mental health. We are working in this direction. In order to make the calligraphy teaching in our school meet the requirements of the new curriculum standards as far as possible, our methods mainly include the following aspects:
(1) Efforts should be made to improve the teachers' own artistic level and teaching level
I was not a teacher of art major, but I just loved painting and calligraphy since I was a child. I participated in the art interest group study in the school (which is also the school where I teach now) when I was in junior high school, and I was carefully guided by the art teacher Cai Fei of the school at that time (Teacher Cai Fei is a famous teacher in Shantou) I was very keen on studying and creating calligraphy and Chinese painting for a period of time more than ten years ago, and my artistic level has been greatly improved. He often participated in calligraphy and painting activities and exhibitions in Shantou City, Chaoyang County and Xiashan Town, and joined the Calligraphers Association and Artists Association in Shantou City and Chaoyang County. Since 1997, our school has organized some students to carry out art interest group activities. Up to now, there are groups such as painting and calligraphy, and I am responsible for counseling and teaching, as well as the teaching of art classes. In many years of teaching practice, I have constantly reflected and summarized, actively explored the teaching rules of calligraphy and painting, and accumulated quite rich teaching experience. At the same time, I have strengthened my professional and artistic re-education, and studied hard various fonts such as seal script, official script, line script and kai script in my spare time, especially running script and regular script, and I feel quite good about myself. I also learned the techniques of seal cutting from Mr. Chen Xinguo, who once taught in our school, and I have considerable research on seal cutting. Therefore, students can be demonstrated anytime and anywhere in class, so that "static" calligraphy can be changed into "dynamic" calligraphy; At the same time, a considerable number of calligraphy works are created, so that students can not only appreciate the classic works of famous artists printed in textbooks, but also see the "living" calligraphy for students to appreciate directly, and can effectively improve students' interest in calligraphy learning. Therefore, when the new Curriculum Standard is implemented, the teaching of each module in art class can be carried out smoothly. At the same time, pay attention to training younger art teachers, so that calligraphy teaching in our school can develop continuously. In addition to regular teaching and research activities, exchange of teaching experience, * * * discussing teaching methods, preparing lessons together and listening to each other, our art teaching and research group often shows new and old teachers in the classroom to guide students to practice, so that we can have a deeper understanding of their respective teaching methods and improve the artistic level and teaching level of new teachers.
(2) Create an environment and atmosphere for calligraphy learning and cultivate students' interest in calligraphy learning
Our Shantou Liudu Middle School was founded in 1873. It is a century-old school with profound traditional culture. Quite a few teachers (including retired teachers) have a good knowledge of calligraphy, and some are well-known calligraphers or seal engravers. We make full use of this favorable condition, and hold an exhibition of calligraphy and painting for teachers and students at the beginning of May every year. These teachers are invited to create a considerable number of calligraphy works, and students are encouraged to participate in the exhibition, so that students have the opportunity to observe, appreciate and learn, thus creating an atmosphere of calligraphy learning and enhancing students' interest in calligraphy learning. In the newspaper Runxin, edited and published by Runxin Literature Society of the school, calligraphy works of teachers and students are often published for students to observe and appreciate, which also plays a considerable role in encouraging and commending students who learn calligraphy well.
(3) Understand and grasp the spirit of Curriculum Standards, pay attention to curriculum development, and form a school-based curriculum
The textbook we are using now is Calligraphy, which is compiled by the Art Textbook Compilation Group of Guangdong Basic Education Curriculum Resources Research and Development Center and published by Guangdong Education Press. This textbook can better reflect both calligraphy knowledge and calligraphy appreciation, properly introduce writing techniques, and introduce the process of the emergence and evolution of various fonts from the origin of characters. As the current high school students have no concept of calligraphy, I personally think that the ability to appreciate is inseparable from the mastery of the basic skills of writing. If there is no ability to write at all, it is difficult to appreciate the beauty of classic calligraphy works. In view of this situation, we have made appropriate adjustments to the content of the textbook, that is, the content of writing and calligraphy is mentioned in the previous teaching, so that most students can master the basic writing method of regular script first, and then come back to the origin of the text. For some academic issues that have not yet been finalized, only students are guided to read and discuss, without making too much exploration. For the teaching of fonts such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Jinwen and Xiaozhuan, it is generally to guide students to copy first, understand their writing characteristics, and then explain the process of their emergence and evolution, so as to guide students to appreciate the classic representative works of various fonts, so as to understand the development process of Chinese civilization and appreciate the beauty of calligraphy.
When studying brush calligraphy, we also pay attention to strengthening the training of standard simplified characters. Because the plates of textbooks and existing copybooks are basically traditional Chinese characters, we also choose Ren Zheng's simplified copybooks, but Ren Zheng's regular script belongs to European style. I have written simplified Chinese characters such as Commonly Used Characters and Thousand-character Text in Yan style for students to copy and learn.
(4) Using flexible and diverse teaching methods and modern educational means as far as possible
The practical function of Chinese calligraphy as a writing tool has long been replaced by pens, and it has been replaced by computers in recent years. In this way, students now have little chance to see calligraphy and have no perceptual knowledge, which is the difficulty of calligraphy education. The method of calligraphy's writing and writing is inherited from history, which is generally difficult to explain clearly in words, and it is difficult to succeed in self-study according to books. Even in ancient times, it was often necessary to learn its essentials by oral instruction. Therefore, for this part of the content, we use group exercises, through specific demonstrations, explain its essentials in a more scientific way, let students try and correct them one by one. And in the practice of basic strokes and interval structure, continue to correct his mistakes in writing and carrying pens. For the course of appreciating the history of calligraphy and famous calligraphy, multimedia courseware with large knowledge capacity should be used as much as possible for teaching, and sometimes some video materials should be inserted appropriately to make it easier for students to accept.
(5) to carry out extracurricular activities in calligraphy and encourage some students to develop calligraphy
According to the provisions of the Curriculum Standard, the "Calligraphy" module is also 18 hours and 1 credit, which leads to the contradiction between large teaching content and short teaching time. In addition to making appropriate adjustments to the contents of the textbooks, we have organized calligraphy interest groups for a considerable number of students who are interested in calligraphy learning, so that they can enjoy more famous calligraphy posts and do more exercises in combination with what they have learned in class, so as to further improve their calligraphy level.
Fourth: Some suggestions and hopes for the higher education authorities
Calligraphy was tested in the college entrance examinations in Shandong, Zhejiang and other provinces and cities many years ago, and universities (mainly the Academy of Fine Arts and Normal University) have long had calligraphy majors. However, Guangdong Province, as a major cultural province, has not tested calligraphy in the college entrance examination so far, and it is rarely heard that there are calligraphy majors in universities, which not only causes the whole society to take calligraphy seriously, but also causes the overall calligraphy level to be low. For most senior high schools, it is not necessary to improve the teaching quality of calligraphy, and even whether it can be started is a problem. I think it is imperative to set up calligraphy major in universities, especially normal colleges, and it is imperative to train a large number of calligraphy teachers. If there is calligraphy in the college entrance examination, it will undoubtedly greatly improve the interest of high school students in learning calligraphy and promote the quality of calligraphy teaching in high school. At the same time, it also ensures the status of calligraphy art in society and comprehensively improves the artistic level of calligraphy.
The writing time of this article is hasty, and my views are superficial. However, I have been thinking about the problems and the mistakes and omissions in my teaching, so please kindly give me your advice.