Jiang Xun once said, "In addition to reading and learning, the most important thing for the literati in the Song Dynasty is to have a taste of life, pay attention to how to drink tea in life, not pursue rights and wealth, and know where the meaning of their lives lies." It can be said that the Song Dynasty was a very aesthetic dynasty.
Today on WeChat, let's talk about this dynasty-
Song Huizong and Evonne turned the Song Dynasty into a "literary" empire.
Pour the power of the whole country to realize their ultimate artistic pursuit.
Let China's aesthetics be far ahead of the West, which will affect future generations for thousands of years.
From WeChat WeChat official account to Reliable Literature and Art
(id:kaopumusicreview)
Part of "Ruihetu"
In the second year of Song Dynasty, Hui Zong gave a banquet in Yanfu Palace to assist the minister, and suddenly a auspicious cloud blew? Hey? Is Han Zhui good at it? Would you like to report on the school? Standing at the end of the tail is quite leisurely. When the cranes flew back to the northwest corner, Hui Zong felt lucky and pretended to be "Ruihetu". This painting is now in Liaoning Museum.
Crane dance for nine days, elegant and smart. At first, I was moved by Song Huizong's "Ruihetu", mainly because it was full of aesthetics of Song Dynasty and free spirituality of crane dance.
"Ruihetu" Song Evonne
In China mythology, it is common for immortals to drive cranes. The ancients fantasized that "cranes follow the clouds for thousands of years." Red-crowned crane, also known as crane, has red eyes and black neck, which means good luck, long life, freedom and detachment. "Qunfangpu" wrote, "The body is Shang Jie, so the color is white; I heard the sky, so my head turned red. "
The red-crowned crane dances most beautifully, just like a fairy. Between dancing, it is his honest and upright attitude, free from worldly constraints and independent from the world.
The History of the Song Dynasty written by the Yuan Dynasty once said: "Song Huizong can do anything but be your ear!" This shows that Evonne failed as a politician, but he promoted the great development of painting art.
During Song Huizong's reign, he collected antiques, calligraphy and painting extensively, expanded the Hanlin Painting Academy, and made civil servants edit books such as Xuanhe Pu Shu, Xuanhe Painting Spectrum and Xuanhe Bo Gu Picture, which greatly promoted and advocated art.
"Five-color parrot map" partial Evonne
So Song Huizong put the aesthetics of the Song Dynasty at the end.
To what height?
Ancient aesthetics reached its peak in the Song Dynasty, requiring absolute simplicity, that is, simplicity of roundness, squareness, plain color and texture. Song people painted with ink and fired monochromatic glazed porcelain. Now speaking of minimalism, the Song Dynasty was the earliest minimalism.
Failure turned into beauty.
Song is a peak of civilization, and kiln is the biggest example. The three colors in Tang Dynasty are all colorful, but Song dares to put forward a simple style in the colorful.
Ruyao azure without narcissus basin, plain, foggy, Ming Che, but very beautiful, no lace, no life, no performance at all, it is difficult.
Ice crack of porcelain in Song Dynasty
The whole world is still imitating Song porcelain.
The ice crack was originally burned out, but the Song people felt that there was a vicissitudes in it. After a period of time, it is called slicing, and they use different fire temperatures to burn out slices. It was a failure, but it was destroyed and turned into a beauty. This is a very special aesthetic in the Song Dynasty.
Version of Zhang Jizhi's Diamond Sutra in Southern Song Dynasty
Song edition is the most precious culture in the world, and its typesetting and printing method can be said to be the most beautiful in the world.
In the auction market, Song edition books are sold page by page. 1 1 movable type typesetting and printing in the Song Dynasty in the 20th century popularized knowledge and education at that time, and created civilian culture. It also influenced the printing of the German Gutenberg Bible (the first Bible printed by movable type printing) in the15th century.
Su Dongpo, cold food post
Su Dongpo's Cold Food Sticker is a typical representative of calligraphy in Song Dynasty. 43 years old, arrested in Wutai Poetry Prison. He wrote a desperate poem and asked the jailer to take it to his brother. After Ouyang Xiu and others tried their best to rescue him, he was sent to Huangzhou.
Huangzhou period was the time when Su Dongpo wrote Red Wall Fu and Cold Food Sticker, and the only manuscript left was Cold Food Sticker.
When you first see this work, you may think that the words are upside down. What's so good about it? But there's a reason.
Su Dongpo wrote beautifully when he was young. Cold food stickers came out after a big fall in life. At this time, he doesn't care about beauty and writes naturally. Others said that the word was ugly, and Su Dongpo ridiculed himself that it was "a stone crushing a toad".
This is the highest state of life. What does it matter if others laugh? Because only Su Dongpo knows the meaning and value of existence.
Many things must be understood at different stages of life, and people can really understand cold food stickers until middle age.
Soft as water and hard as rock.
Song Huizong lost its empire, but won the United States. He established another character of the ruler, never being rude and never showing off his power and wealth.
"Soft culture" appeared in Song Dynasty. At that time, Xixia and Liao and Jin were stronger than Song, but Song died later than them. The Song Dynasty lasted more than 300 years, longer than the 260 years in the Tang Dynasty.
Ma Yuan's Works (1 190- 1279)
Jiang Xun often said that the first president of the Forbidden City was Song Huizong. His major is collecting cultural relics 1000 years ago. He compiled Xuan He Shu Pu and Xuan He Hua Pu, and completely sorted out his collection of paintings and calligraphy.
Song Huizong's poem stickers? Fang Yi green calyx, rotten in the court, zero dew? If you are drunk, the sunset seems to melt. Dan Qing is difficult to write, and naturally it is difficult to be independent. Flying butterflies, chasing the evening breeze, will surprise you. An emperor can love beauty to this extent!
Song Huizong's Calligraphy
The rock-solid beauty of the painting is only that of Fan Kuan? Shan Jutu, Guo's Early Spring Map and Wanhe. These three paintings can't be hung together in luxury because they are too precious.
As shown below? There is a mountain in the mountain travel map, and people are just a small existence walking in the mountains and rivers. This is the grand view of the unity of heaven and man, and it is also the environmental protection concept that Europeans later talked about.
《? Mountain Tourism Map of Fan Kuan
People in the Song Dynasty knew that people should not be arrogant enough to think that they could conquer the universe. We are just passers-by, so we use "travel" instead of "tourism". People should respect nature and leave humility.
Fan Kuan's mountains stand out from the crowd, calm and motionless. When I went, I wanted to reform, so I especially liked Guo's paintings. Because Guo painted the early spring representing change and thawing, the lines were smooth, relaxed and ethereal, and the composition was S-shaped. Hold on? X, the change of light, hazy beauty, existence and non-existence.
"Early Spring Map" Guo
Li Tang's "Wanhe Song Feng" Mountain is as thin as a brush and fingers. That mountain peak is like a dream, an unrealistic landscape. It changed from Fan Kuan's realism to romanticism, and it was also an important bridge connecting the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty.
Finally, Li Tang led the blank and poetic of painting in the Southern Song Dynasty. Wanhe Song Feng is a painting he summarized in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Li Tang in Wan He Song Feng
Today, calligraphy and landscape painting in Song Dynasty are still the highest character and style recognized by the world, and their aesthetic influence has not disappeared.
The beauties in the Tang Dynasty were bright red and green. The Song Dynasty dared to paint with ink, but ink was colorful, and it was more elegant than color.
Song Gongbi painting
In the Song Dynasty, plum blossoms and dead trees were praised. They are reserved and tolerant, respect the meaning and value of every life, and make the defects beautiful. Flowers are beautiful, dead wood is beautiful, and cracks can also constitute beauty. Partridge spots, rabbit hair and kiln changes are all the beauty of defects, and beauty is everywhere. It depends on how you find them!
Focus on mountains and rivers and pursue the beauty of life
Ma Yuan Lenghe solo fishing map
Gorgeous objects that were shocked by the eyes of the poor in the Tang Dynasty have become commonplace in the Song Dynasty.
Shen Kuo said in "A Random Talk on Meng Xi": "People in the Tang Dynasty wrote rich poems and recalled the wealth of their clothes, which surprised them. For example, Guan Xiu's Fu Gui Qu said, "Carve it into a A Zheng column, and the geese touch each other. "In this case, there are all the bombers. Where is He Zudao? " .
Song people laughed at the fact that the Tang people were poor and had never seen the world, because the folk wealth in the Song Dynasty had made great progress compared with the previous generation.
Scholars in Song Dynasty also had their own unique taste in life. And there are many literati, such as Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Sima Guang, Su Dongpo? They are not only good at poetry and songs, but also proficient in painting, music and calligraphy, and their achievements are remarkable and recognized by the world.
I have never been greedy in the face of power and wealth. There are mountains and rivers in my heart, and I have my own scenery. Live confidently and realize higher life value than power and wealth.
Liu Songnian in Driving Tea.
Moreover, the literati in Song Dynasty liked drinking tea very much. Tea itself also conforms to the simple beauty of the Song Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks came to study and then brought them back to China to carry forward the Japanese tea ceremony, which was exactly the same.
Water with plant buds and the most exquisite porcelain is enough. This is an elegant collection at that time-the best occasion for a person to show his character and conduct.
The personality and preferences of the literati in the Song Dynasty created the peak of China culture, leading the world in aesthetics for thousands of years.
Although the historical position of the Song Dynasty may give people an impression of being "poor and weak", we can't forget that Mr. Chen Yinque once said that China culture "reached its acme in the Zhao and Song Dynasties".
1959 Silk Woodcut of Zhaorui River in Duosong Dynasty
In fact, no dynasty can compare with Song Dynasty in wealth and folk music in ancient China. As early as the Song Zhenzong period, Prime Minister Wang Dan pointed out: "The capital has millions of assets at most, and there are hundreds of thousands everywhere." .
Before the last emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Huizong Evonne 18 years old, he probably never thought that he would become an emperor. So he spent all his time on calligraphy, painting, riding and shooting, cuju and other hobbies.
"Listening to the Piano" Evonne
He is not so much an emperor as an artist who was born in the emperor's family by mistake.
Perhaps Evonne never thought that he would ruin the Northern Song Dynasty. He just built his kingdom with his innocence, romance and aestheticism as an artist.
However, perhaps he didn't even think of himself, and his ultimate pursuit made China's aesthetics far ahead of the West, which influenced future generations for thousands of years.
Edit the spectrum girl pictures from the network.
Part of the content comes from Jiang Xun, design catalogue, etc.
Transferred from WeChat WeChat official account, Reliable Literature and Art (ID: kaopumusicreview)
The ancients lived seriously,
Inadvertently turned ordinary into poetry.
I spy on the daily life of Song people from Song poems.
(Click on the book cover for more information)
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