original text
Loushiming
Author Liu Yuxi, Tang Dynasty
The mountain is not high, and the fairy is famous. The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. I am a humble room, but I am virtuous. The moss on the stage is green, and the curtain grass is green. There is no Ding Bai who laughs and has a university. You can tune the pipa and read Jin Dian. There is no confusion, and there is no complicated form. Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion in West Shu. Kong Ziyun: What's wrong?
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The mountain is not high, but the fairy is famous. The water is not deep, and with the dragon, it seems to have aura. This is a humble house, but I (the people who live in it) have a good moral character (so I don't feel humble). The moss marks on the steps are green; The grass is green and reflected in the curtains. All the people who come here to talk and laugh are knowledgeable scholars. Those who have no shallow knowledge can generally play elegant guqin and read Buddhist scriptures written in clay. No music, no official documents. There is Zhuge Liang Caotang in Nanyang and Yangzi Yunting in West Shu. Confucius said, "What's so simple about this?"
To annotate ...
(1) A humble room: a humble room, a simple house. Inscriptions, ancient words carved on objects to warn themselves or state their achievements, were called "inscriptions" and later became a style. This style generally uses compound sentence, which is neat and catchy.
(2) in (zài): in, a verb.
(3) name (míng): famous, famous, with nouns as verbs.
(4) líng: magic; Psychic medium.
(5) Sri Lanka is a humble room (Lü ush): This is a humble room. Demonstrative pronoun, this, this. Yes: affirmative judgment verb. Humble room: Humble room refers to the author's own room.
(6) Only my virtue (xρn): Just because of the inscription (I don't feel humble). Only: only. Wu: I, this is the inscription. Xin: It means nobility to spread the fragrance far away. Shang Chen Shujun: "Millet is not fragrant, but virtue is fragrant." .
(7) The moss on the upper steps is green, and the grass in the curtain is green: the moss is green and grows to the upper steps; The grass is green and reflected in the curtains. On: grow to; Enter: reflect.
(8) Hong Ru (hóngrú): A great scholar, here refers to a learned person. Hong: As big as Hong. Confucianism used to refer to scholars.
(9) Ding Bai: civilians. This refers to people with little knowledge.
(10) Dior Su Qin: Playing an unpretentious piano. Tone: violin, here refers to playing (piano). Simple piano: A simple piano.
(1 1) The Book of Jin: There is still controversy in academic circles today. Some scholars think it refers to the Buddhist sutra (Diamond Sutra), while others think it is a beautifully bound classic (Four Books and Five Classics). However, the Chinese documents of Jiangsu Education Publishing House refer to the Buddhist sutra (Diamond Sutra), while the investigation in Anhui is the latter. Kim: Baby. Gold is precious, which means precious. All the classics of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism can be said to be golden classics.
(12) Silk and bamboo: the general term for harp, flute and other musical instruments, in which "silk" refers to stringed instruments and "bamboo" refers to wind instruments. This refers to the sound of playing music.
(13) 1: Modal particles, not translated. Used between the subject and the predicate to cancel the independence of the sentence.
(14) Disturbed ears: Disturbed ears. Confusion: The causative use of adjectives makes ... confused and disturbed.
(15) Case Notes (dú): official documents.
(16) Fatigue: Exhausting the body (verb usage). Old: the use of adjectives is ... tired. Form: form, body.
(17) Nanyang: Place name, now Nanyang City, Henan Province. Before coming out of the mountain, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Wollongong, Nanyang.
(18) Zhuge Lu in Nanyang, Ting Yun Pavilion in West Shu: Zhuge Liang Caotang in Nanyang and Yangzi Yunting Pavilion in West Shu. These two sentences mean that Zhuge Lu and Ziyunge are both humble and admired because the people in the places where they live are famous. Zhuge Liang, also known as Kong Ming, was the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, a famous politician and strategist, and lived in seclusion in Wollongong, Nanyang before his official career. Yang Xiong, Zi Ziyun, a writer in the Western Han Dynasty, was born in Chengdu, Shu County. Lu: A humble little house.
(19) Confucius said that classical Chinese generally refers to clouds. From The Analects of Confucius Zi Han: "Where can a gentleman live, how can he be humble?" The author removed the gentleman's residence here, reflecting his modest character.
(20) What's wrong? That is, "what's the matter" belongs to the prepositional object. Auxiliary words, strong rhetorical questions, signs of preposition objects, not translated. What's rough about it? Confucius said this sentence, which can be found in The Analects of Confucius Zi Han: "Where a gentleman lives, how do you know his inferiority?" Here, Confucius also poses as a "gentleman" and points out the full text. This sentence is also the finishing touch of the full text.
(2 1) There are great scholars in jokes: there are learned people in jokes. H: it's very big.
Make an appreciative comment
"Humble Room Inscription" is an inscription expressing one's ambition. The article shows the author's attitude towards life, that is, not following the customs, being honest and honest, and not seeking fame and fortune. It expresses the author's noble and proud sentiment and reveals the author's poor and happy seclusion interest. It is simple, concise and fresh, like a pithy poem, full of philosophy and charm.
The first few words from Shi Shuo Xin Yu Pai Diao dig out new ideas, "The mountain is not high, it is ineffective, and the depth is not deep, it is unclear", which leads to the humble room with the common metaphor in poetry. "The mountain is not high" and "the water is not deep" are better than the humble room, and "the fairy is named" and "the dragon is the spirit" are better than the humble room. "These four sentences are well-known sayings, which are quite cautionary in philosophical poems. From far to near, the author wrote for the second time, creating a downward momentum with parallel sentence patterns. Later, he revealed that "I am a humble room, but I am virtuous and fragrant". I feel that the punch line is like a pearl, and the victory is in hand. These two sentences are associated with "millet is not fragrant, but virtue is fragrant" in Shangshu Zhou Shu Jun Chen, and it is emphasized that self-motivation with virtue is indeed the theme and warning strategy of an article. The meanness of writing a humble room is to set off the sage of the master in the room, and the sage of the master in the room just shows that the humble room is not mean, which is a complementary relationship. The following is a description of the scenery inside and outside the room, the people in the room and the things in the room. Every sentence is marked with the word' ugly', leaving no word' Germany'. " The beauty of writing indoor and outdoor scenery lies in the exquisite spreading of the humble room and expressing the artistic conception of the poem in poetic language. The words "scar" and "color" turn the conceptualized "moss" and "grass" into tangible and visible concrete images. "Going up the stairs" and "entering the curtain", turning static into dynamic, writing expressions of "moss" and "grass", introducing the outside into the room, adding vitality to the humble room and filling it with the breath of spring. And a piece of "green" and a piece of "green", bright colors, but also set off the elegance, tranquility and chic of the room. These two sentences create an environment suitable for describing people and things in the humble room.
"Laughing with a university, no Ding Bai" is about people in the room, focusing on communication with friends, so as to show the nobility of the author's identity and elegance of temperament. "You can tune the pipa and read the Golden Scripture. There are four sentences, "the silk and bamboo ears are not confused, and the case is not made", which shows the elegance of dwelling in a humble abode, indicating that the author is not rude. " Tune the piano and read the Golden Classics, showing the elegance of humble life; No picky ears, no complicated work ",showing the comfort of humble life. The image of an elegant person who is detached, leisurely and carefree is ready to come. The author writes that people in the room are quiet, which sets off his diligence in cultivating self-cultivation; Writing that he is diligent in self-cultivation reveals the reason why the humble room is not humble and makes his name spread far and wide. Judging from the sentence structure, the first two sentences are single-line, while the last two sentences are parallel and scattered, which is quite rhythmic. From the writing point of view, one or two sentences are written from the front and three or four sentences are written from the back. The combination of positive and negative echoes and contrasts with "you can tune the pipa" and "chaos without ears" and "reading the Golden Classics" and "no complicated work", and the writing style is quite clever.
Finally, the ancient people, historical sites and old sayings are cited as the conclusion. Comparing the humble room to Nanyang Caotang in Zhu Gekongming and Chengdu House in Yang Xiong is intended to masturbate and encourage yourself. Quoting Confucius's "what is humble existence" shows that one's own interests are in line with the way of saints. The omission of the last sentence "where gentlemen live" only leads to the next sentence, which not only echoes the above "only I am fragrant", but also implies that gentlemen live in it. The beauty is that opportunity is full of interest, but he doesn't show himself. Up and down, ancient and modern, seamless, containing unlimited emotional excitement and deep charm.
"Humble Room Inscription" is less than 100 words, with a short length and a large pattern. The humble room is lined with short mountains and shallow water, and it is mentioned with Zhuge Lu and Ziyunge. Living in it, accompanied by ancient sages and modern scholars, is really a humble room. The full-text imagination is broad and profound, and it tends to hide Wan Li at close range.
The article skillfully uses a variety of artistic techniques. First of all, the bi xing technique was successfully used. "The mountain is not high, and there is a fairy name; The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. " The mountain is high and the water is deep, and the fairy and the dragon are attached to the owner's virtue and fragrance; "Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun in West Shu" set off today's humble room with the famous humble room in ancient times, and compared the author himself with the ancient sages. Secondly, there are narratives, descriptions, lyricism, arguments and affairs. "Moss marks on the green. The grass in the curtain is green. There is no Ding Bai who laughs and has a university. You can tune the pipa and read Jin Dian. There is no chaos in the ears of silk and bamboo, and there is no overwork in the case. " It is a narrative description and a dye. The last sentence "What's the matter?" is an allusion, a lyric, a discussion and a finishing touch. The combination of point and dye combines narrative description with lyric discussion.
In language expression, four sentences and five sentences are often used, including antithesis and parallelism. Only the last sentence is a prose sentence, with neat and changeable sentence patterns, concise and beautiful words, harmonious tone and sonorous syllables.
Creation background
The inscription on the humble abode was written in Hezhou (824-826). Record of Liyang: "The humble room, in Zhangzhou, was built by Liu Yuxi, the secretariat of the Tang and Zhou Dynasties, and was inscribed by Liu Gongquan."
The author participated in Wang's "Yongzhen Innovation" and opposed the separatist forces of eunuchs and buffer regions. After the failure of innovation, he was demoted to Anhui and Zhou Xian as a secretariat. When he saw that the author was demoted, he deliberately made things difficult for him. Hezhou county magistrate arranged for him to live in Chengnan River. Instead of complaining, the author is very happy. He also casually wrote two sentences and posted them on the door: "Face the river, look at the white sails, and compete with the state." The magistrate of a county was very angry when he learned that he ordered the staff in the office to move the author's residence from the south gate of the county to the north gate of the county, and the area was reduced from three to one and a half. The new house is by the Desheng River, with weeping willows nearby, and the environment is OK. The author still didn't care, but looked at the scenery and wrote two sentences on the door: "weeping willows are beside the Qinghe River, and people are in Liyang and their hearts are in Beijing."
The magistrate of a county saw that he was still carefree and indifferent, and sent someone to transfer him to the county center, giving him only a hut with only one bed, one table and one chair. In half a year, the magistrate of a county forced the author to move three times, each time the area was small, and finally it was just a room. The author then angrily wrote this "Humble Room Inscription" and had a stone tablet carved and stood in front of the door.
Brief introduction of the author
Liu Yuxi (772-842) was born in Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan). Literati in the middle Tang Dynasty. Tang Dezong Zhenyuan nine years (793) Jinshi. Because he failed to participate in the progressive reform of Wang Group, he was demoted to the official position of Sima in Langzhou (now Changde City, Hunan Province) and spent more than 20 years in other places. Later, he entered the DPRK as a guest doctor, and in his later years, he made a guest appearance as a prince, adding the history of the school department. The world is called Liu Binke. He is good at poetry and has a deep friendship with Liu Zongyuan. He is called "Liu Liu"; He sang a lot with Bai Juyi and called it "Bai Liu". Liu Mengde's collected works have been handed down from generation to generation.