Xiang Yu (232 BC-202 BC) was born in Xia Xiang (now Suqian, Jiangsu). The grandson of Xiang Yan, a famous Chu star, the leader of the peasant uprising in ancient China, a famous strategist and the strongest military commander in history! No, it's overlord Chu. After Chu's death, the Xiang clan was massacred, and he and his younger brother Xiang Zhuang went into exile with their uncle Xiang Liang in Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). When he was young, Xiang Liang asked someone to teach him calligraphy and poetry, but he soon got tired of it. Hou Liang asked someone to teach him martial arts again, but he didn't learn it quickly. Liang is furious! Ji said: "Learning literature can only remember names, and learning martial arts can only be worth one hundred. If you want to learn, learn from ten thousand enemies! " So Liang taught him the art of war. But after studying for a while, he didn't want to learn, so Liang had to let him go. He is eight feet tall and can carry a tripod. When he was young, he was ambitious. When Qin Shihuang visited Zhejiang (now Qiantang River), Xiang Yu saw his horses and chariots in awe and blurted out, "He can replace him (I can replace him)." In the first year of Qin Ershi (2009), Chen Sheng and Guangwu rose up in osawa, and Xiang Yu responded with Xiang Liang's assassination of Yin Tong, the satrap, and sending troops to Wuzhong. In this campaign, Xiang Yu single-handedly killed nearly 100 guards of Yintong, showing his unparalleled martial arts for the first time! Twenty-four-year-old Xiang Yu was thus pushed onto the historical stage by the storm of the people's uprising.
Xiang Liang Uprising
After Xiang Liang Uprising, he recruited 8,000 elite soldiers, and Xiang Yu became a general (lieutenant). For the convenience of addressing, counselor Fan Zeng suggested that Xiong Xin, the grandson of former Chu Huaiwang, should be king, with its capital in Xuyi, and still be called Chu Huaiwang. Xiang Liang led the rebel army to victory in the battle with Qin Jun, which produced the idea of being proud and underestimating the enemy. As a result, Xiang Liang died in Dingtao (now northwest of Dingtao County, Shandong Province) when he was defeated by the army led by Han.
After the Battle of Dingtao
After the Battle of Dingtao, Qin Jun crossed the Yellow River in the north, attacked the evil harmony of Zhao Wang who opposed Qin, and besieged Zhao Jun in Julu (now Pingxiang, Hebei). Chu Huaiwang appointed Yi Song as general and Xiang Yu as deputy general, and led his troops to save him. Yi Song led his troops to Anyang (now south of Anyang, Henan Province), then hesitated and stationed for 46 days. At that time, it was raining continuously, and the rebels were short of food and clothing and were in trouble. Xiang Yu made a decisive decision, killed him, forced him to be a general, and ordered him to immediately send troops to the north to save Zhao.
The battle of the stag has been ignored too much.
Battle of Pengcheng
-An unprecedented miracle in the history of world war.
Speaking of ancient wars in China, people are most interested in those classic war cases, such as the Battle of Julu, the Battle of Jingxing, the Battle of Kunyang, the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Feishui and so on. Another classic war in the Chu-Han period is often ignored by most people, resulting in few researchers. The reason is that only different people have different opinions. But this war cannot be ignored, and it should occupy a place in the history of China war and even the world war. Today is the battle of Pengcheng.
A background: Liu Bang attacked Chu.
At the end of the Qin dynasty, the program was extremely relaxed and heroes gathered. During this period, Xiang Yu enfeoffed the world and dominated the princes with his great achievements in eliminating Qin! Liu Bang, another protagonist of the Qin Dynasty, was sealed in a remote place of Bashu in Hanzhong. In the second year of Han Dynasty, Liu Bang, dissatisfied with Hanzhong, resolutely sent troops to pacify Sanqin and attack Chu in the east. At this time, Xiang Yu's army was putting down the Qi rebellion in the east, and the rear was empty. Liu Bang seized this opportunity and marched eastward, invincible along the way, and the soldiers pointed directly at Pengcheng, the capital of Xiang Yu. According to historical records: "In the spring, the soldiers of the five kings of Hanwang Department, with 50,000 to 60,000 people, invaded Chu in the east." Many people question the figure of 560,000. In fact, this figure is credible. When Liu Bang was in Guanzhong, there were 654.38+ ten thousand troops. After the rectification in Hanzhong, he took Ba and other local nationalities as his army, and later decided that Sanqin would also take his soldiers, which could be doubled. At this time, Liu Bang "hijacked" five princes to attack Xiang Yu (which five princes? There has always been controversy about Wei, Yin Wang Sima Mang, Yu Wang Shenyang Wang, Sai Wang and Zhai Wang, but the army is not on this road). At this time, Liu Bang and their lair moved eastward, and almost all his important generals and advisers arrived. After the defeat of Cheng Peng, Xiao He "sent the old and weak in Guanzhong to Xingyang" suffered heavy losses.
Later generations have many misunderstandings about Liu Bang's plan to attack Pengcheng. Here is a brief explanation of Liu Bang's eastward deployment. In August of Han and Yuan Dynasties, Liu Bang went out of Hanzhong and set up Sanqin. In March of the second year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Hanwang crossed from Linjin to Dongdu. Liu Bang was probably divided into three groups, with Liu Bang personally in command of the Central Army, and Sean, Chen Ping, Han Xin, Lv Ze, Zhang Er, Lu Wan, and Xia Houying, the five-way vassal army, directly heading east from Luoyang and taking Cheng Peng directly. The Northern Route Army led by Cao Can and Guan Ying met Chen Yujun from two roads and attacked Peng Cheng together with the Middle Route Army. The South Route Army was drawn from Guanzhong by Xue Ou and Wang Lingjun (or Wang Lingjun), leaving Wuguan to take Wan, attacking Yang Xia and attacking Pengcheng in the east.
At this time, Guanzhong was unstable, while Zhang Han and other forces were still fighting. Liu Bang left Xiao He to guard the Guanzhong, and Zhou abandoned the mound. Li Shang from Fan Kuai moved to all parts of the Guanzhong and became the king of Korea to pacify the land of Korea.
The question here is about the whereabouts of Han Xin. Many people think that Han Xin was in Guanzhong, Zhang Han, and did not take part in the Battle of Pengcheng. He even thought that Han Wangxin was considered as Han Xin. This statement makes no sense. First of all, Han Wangxin pacified the Korean land for korean king and determined his whereabouts. Han Xin's problem is mainly because "Biography of Huaiyin Hou" only mentioned Hanwang without mentioning Han Xin when describing this passage, but one thing to know is that the narrative itself implies his whereabouts in Biography of Han Xin. Textual research on Han Xin's life We know that although Han Xin was worshipped as a general by Liu Bang in Hanzhong, he didn't have any relieving until the Battle of Pengcheng, and his position was only equivalent to a staff officer. He didn't do anything during this period, so Taishi Gong naturally ignored the past. Later, after the defeat of Cheng Peng, it was more favorable for Han Xin to meet Liu Bang in Xingyang, which proved that he was also in Cheng Peng at that time!
In April of the second year of the Han Dynasty, the North Road Army defeated Longyou in Dingtao, and went south to meet Liu Bangzhong Road Army, and then captured Cheng Peng, the capital of Xiang Yu. Liu bang seems to have won completely.
Second, Xiang Yu's dilemma and crazy strategy
As early as Liu Bangding's Sanqin, Xiang Yu had a premonition that Liu Bang would move eastward, but at this time he led the troops to attack Qi in his rear wing. For Liu Bang's attack, Xiang Yu sent Zheng Chang as the king of Korea and went to Korea to resist Liu Bang's eastward advance. Send Chen, and lay another layer of defense here. Long Zhi was sent to resist the Northern Route Army, and troops were sent to stop the Southern Route Army from Yang Xia. Except for the unclear history books of the South Road Army, all other roads failed. Ying Bu, who had high hopes for Xiang Yu, took this opportunity to reap the benefits of the fisherman. Liu Bangjun was so vast that 560,000 troops occupied Chu in a few months. At this point, Xiang Yu fell into an unprecedented crisis.
One: facing two fronts. Qi has not been pacified, and if he returns to save Chu, he will be attacked between Scylla and Charybdis.
Two: the disparity in strength. Liu bang's vassal Coalition forces reached 560 thousand, an unprecedented scale. Xiang Yu's total strength at this time is unknown, but it is certainly far less than 50,000 to 60,000.
Three: the rear fell and went deep alone. At this time, Xiang Yu and Chu occupied all the land, so they could only do it quickly by relying on the base areas without roots.
Four: Away from the battlefield, long-term followers run around. While the enemy used fortifications to resist the Chu army returning to Li.
Five: Allies betrayed and the political environment fell into a state of extreme isolation.
Faced with such a sinister political and military environment, Xiang Yu came up with a bold strategic plan: to confuse Liu Bang by means of the general's continued pacification of Qi. I personally led 30,000 soldiers to bypass the rear of Pengcheng, lured Liu Bang with Pengcheng as bait, and then attacked the rear of Liu Bang to destroy Liu Bangjun.
Xiang Yu's battle plan came out, and everyone was shocked! This man is stupid. He not only wants to destroy the other side with 30 thousand, but also has to travel long distances and set a sneak attack!
This can be said to be an unprecedented crazy plan!
In the Battle of Pengcheng, because researchers in previous dynasties rarely set foot in Xiang Yu's whereabouts, everyone thought that after Liu Bang captured Pengcheng, he "received his treasure and beauty, and Kaya Hioki had a high banquet." Go into battle lightly. In fact, although Liu Bang got carried away, he did not relax his vigilance. He was surrounded by counselors, so there was no doubt. The key is Xiang Yu. Before Liu Bang went down to Pengcheng, he had already returned to the west of Pengcheng, cut off his back road and suddenly appeared in the rear of Liu Bang's allied forces.
Few people pay attention to this, but it is the key to Peng Cheng's victory. In this chapter, Historical Records of Xiang Yu records: "In the spring, the soldiers of the five kings of Hanwang, with 560,000 men, invaded Chu in the east. When he heard about it, he ordered all the generals to go to war together, so he led 30 thousand chosen men out of Shandong. In April, Han Jun entered Pengcheng to receive his goods, treasures, beauties and Kaya Hioki Wine Festival. One day, Wang Naixi attacked the Han army from Xiao and Chen, and arrived in the east. . . . . . "Xiang Yu's whereabouts order, here is very clear. However, most people have adopted Biography of Historical Records and Gaozu: "Although Xiang Yu has heard of it, he has joined forces to attack Han. Hanwang robbed five princes and soldiers, so he entered Pengcheng. Hearing this, Xiang Yu led his troops to Qi, from Lu to Xiao. . . . . . "
Why is there a difference between them? Here, we analyze that Xiang Yu was handed down in front of Gao Zu's ancestors, and his deeds are mainly Xiang Yu, in a detailed order, which also takes this as the standard. However, the history of Gaozu was dominated by the Liu Bang incident, and the deeds of Xiang Yu were only described. If you read this passage of Gao Zu, you will find that Liu Bangjin Peng Cheng emphasized causality, but did not describe the whereabouts of Xiang Yu in detail, and Xiang Yu's biography has made it very clear, so there is no need to spend more time.
Looking closely at Xiang Yu's life story, one key word is "I came with Xiao Xi". It can be boldly speculated from the word "nai" that Xiang Yu's 30,000 troops had already arrived in the southwest of Pengcheng before Liu Bangjun completely entered Pengcheng, waiting for Liu Bang to completely enter Pengcheng to give a fatal blow to Liu Bang's allied forces. Moreover, it's unprecedented to travel a long distance, detour thousands of miles, cut off the road behind the enemy, and unexpectedly hit the enemy without finding any clues!
Now Xiang Yu just needs to wait patiently for the best opportunity and give him a fatal knife, but Xiang Yu has prepared a secret weapon. . . . . .
Three: Xiang Yu's position in the history of China cavalry.
Cavalry is the greatest revolution in the history of world war during the cold weapon period, but it is a period of gradual development. In the pre-cavalry era when stirrups did not appear, the development and application of cavalry was slow. There were cavalry in the Central Plains of China as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, but at this time, the cavalry was small in scale, mainly used for carrying people, and there was no historical evidence to prove that there was a record of cavalry fighting. The real large-scale use of cavalry in the Central Plains was in Wuling, Zhao Haoqi during the Warring States Period. Since then, cavalry has gone to the battlefield as an auxiliary arm. During the Warring States period, because Qin and Zhao were close to the northern conference semifinals, there were many cavalry. But at this time, both Qin and Zhao, cavalry are auxiliary arms, cavalry behind the wings, equipped with crossbows. Used for reconnaissance, harassment, sneak attack, patrol, pursuit, etc. The real large-scale independent use of cavalry, with cavalry as the main force, is often considered as a counterattack against Xiongnu in the Western Han Dynasty. This statement actually ignores the great role of Xiang Yu in the history of China cavalry!
The Battle of Pengcheng is a model of China's large-scale independent use of cavalry to annihilate infantry. However, it is not clearly recorded in Historical Records. The history books only record that Xiang Yu chose 30 thousand soldiers. Are they all cavalry with no history? This is going to be analyzed from the beginning. Xiang Yu abandoned the army thousands of miles before Pengcheng War, making good use of mobility and cavalry. After the Battle of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu attacked Liu Bang, using the impact of cavalry to disperse the army and drive it into the water. The cavalry pursued and surrounded Liu Bang. Here you can see the shadow of cavalry tactics. After the Battle of Pengcheng, Biography of Guan Ying in Historical Records recorded that "Chu rode to many people", and then Liu Bang recruited the old Qin cavalry to form an independent cavalry regiment and appointed Guan Ying as the commander in chief. It can be seen from here that the threat of Xiang Yu's cavalry prompted Liu Bang to vigorously develop cavalry (in the later period, a large number of conference semifinals were recruited, and Lou Fan was his cavalry). Liu Bang fought against Qin for many times, but he never developed cavalry. On the one hand, it can be proved that Xiang Yu's cavalry and Qin cavalry have different uses and organizations.
During the Warring States period, cavalry was used as an assistant when there was no independent combat and cavalry charged (mainly because there was no stirrup, and cavalry lacked impact and long-distance running durability). The battle of Pengcheng, because it was a sneak attack, was mainly used for cavalry to step on the camp, disperse and drive away, causing enemy confusion and making cavalry charge independently on a large scale for the first time. Obviously, the achievements are brilliant, which has made great contributions to China cavalry.
About Xiang Yu's cavalry, it should be after the Battle of Julu (Julu fought against Xiang Yu with infantry, and there was no trace of cavalry) that the cavalry of Qin and Zhao were incorporated into the cavalry regiment. When Xiang Yu committed suicide, he said that he got his own mount-Wu Zhui Ma in five years. Based on this, it is inferred that Wu Zhui was around the Julu War.
Four: Battle of Pengcheng
Xiang Yu left his troops in Qi to confuse Liu Bang and used the mobility of cavalry to bypass Xiaoxian County in the southwest of Pengcheng. When all Liu Bang's army entered Pengcheng, it would be chaotic, and the generals were busy deploying northward to establish defense. This was the best time for Liu Bang and other generals to relax. Start going west and attack Pengcheng east. Xiang Yu chose to launch a sneak attack in the morning. I choose to watch Xiang Yu's great grasp of opportunity in the morning. In the morning, the enemy is still sleeping, at the most tired time. Suddenly attacked on a large scale, his panic can be imagined! And you can use the morning to learn about the enemy, choose appropriate and effective tactics, and destroy the enemy to the maximum extent. Many sneak attacks like to be put at night, which is good for hiding their whereabouts. But this time, Xiang Yu will not only cause chaos, but also destroy the enemy.
Xiang Yu directly attacked Liu Bang's command center in the choice of tactics, which led to the paralysis of the command system of Liu Bang's allied forces! In this way, the Coalition forces could not organize effective resistance, and then Xiang Yu bit Liu Bang's main attack and did not give Liu Bang a chance to breathe. And by driving them to the river, let them fall into the river and drown or kill each other because of crowding! Liu bang's allied forces fell from the clouds into the bottomless abyss. Yesterday, they were in high spirits and won the victory. Today, soldiers fell from the sky, I don't know why! The Coalition forces that did not know the truth were not effectively organized and ran around like headless flies, which was exactly what Xiang Yu planned. Because of the disparity in strength, if you fight hard, you will be exhausted anyway. Here, Xiang Yu lured the allies to the valley and Surabaya in the south with cavalry, and then Xiang Yu attacked and killed hundreds of thousands of allies. In order to survive, the allies fled south and fled to Lingbi East, further south. In this way, the allies killed each other and were pushed into the water by 654.38 million. The battle of Pengcheng finally became a one-sided situation, and the rest was to hunt down the beaten army, expand the results and clean up the mess. Unfortunately, due to the thin strength of Xiang Yu, the pursuit war did not produce much effect. Liu Bang's generals gathered in Xingyang to resist the pursuit of Chu soldiers.
V. Battle of Pengcheng and Its Influence
Liu Bang, commander-in-chief of the Han army, was bitten by the Chu army from the beginning. In Pengcheng West, he used his old love to let Chu let himself go, escaped from Pengcheng and was surrounded by Chu troops. Because the strong wind blew away the Chu army formation, Liu Bang was able to escape. At this time, Liu Bang fled to the north and passed his hometown in Pei County, trying to take his family to the west. But it attracted Chu to ride, and the family was caught by Chu, and finally pushed his son and daughter to escape.
Lv Ze, the brother of Liu Bang's wife Lv Hou, followed Liu Bang in the Battle of Pengcheng. After the defeat, he led his troops to Xiayi. Liu bang went around the circle and ran to Xiayi, only to recover from his skirmisher.
This battle can end in victory, which not only wiped out Liu Bang's main force, but also put Liu Bang in a crisis situation of "making the old and weak in Guanzhong unable to learn Xingyang". It also reversed the political situation that Xiang Yu was surrounded by enemies and isolated, and regained the initiative of the Chu-Han war. In the big political environment, the allies who originally voted for Liu Bang have betrayed Liu Bang or taken refuge in Xiang Yu, such as Wang Sai and Zhai Wang. Others broke away from Liu Bang's control and went to the opposite of Liu Bang, such as Wei He.
However, this victorious battle left regrets. In this battle, Liu Bang, the coach, was not caught, so that Liu Bang fled to the west and occupied the geographical position of Xingyang elevation, relying on the resources of Guanzhong and Hanzhong. After four years of struggle between Chu and Han, Peng Yue, the guerrilla master behind Xiang Yu, and the superior forces of the whole regiment finally dragged Xiang Yu through the difficulties and won the world.
Five: Tactical Revolution and Technological Innovation
Xiang Yu (also China) fought independently with cavalry for the first time, with brilliant technical effects and great historical significance! This is the first time the cavalry has defeated the infantry, which is unprecedented in history! It is also a technological innovation and a technological victory! This victory will make cavalry brilliant in the future!
Finally, due to Xiang Yu's own strategic vision and tactical means, he won a great victory. Xiang Yu was able to quickly find the weakness of the other side in such an unfavorable situation and completed an unprecedented strategic plan. But this kind of victory is not omnipotent. Real stars are good at using every opportunity to complete victories that others can't. Only when things change can the true colors of heroes be revealed. The miracle created under the situation of crisis and disadvantage is even more unforgettable. Militarily speaking, only the classic example of Xiang Yu's previous war, the Battle of Julu, can be played beautifully!
Battle of Gaixia
In August of the fourth year of the Han Dynasty, the Chu army and the Han army, who were interested in Guangwu, ran out of food. Liu Bang failed to mobilize the troops of Han Xin, Peng Yue and others, and finally failed to camp the Chu army. As a result, the two sides conducted a famous "gap and negotiation" in history, dividing the world by the canal built by Wei during the Warring States Period.
Then, in September, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, led ten Wan Chu troops to detour south road and retreat in the direction of Guling. Liu bang also wants to go back to the west.
However, just as Liu Bang was preparing to lead the army to the west, Sean and Chen Ping suggested tearing up the gap and discussing it. When Chu Jun was exhausted and came back from the east, he attacked from behind. Zhang He and others thought: "The Han Dynasty had half the world, and all the princes attached it. Chu soldiers stop eating, and this day will be the death of Chu. It is suggested that "it is better to take it because of its opportunity" (historical records. Biography of Xiang Yu).
Liu bang then adopted the advice of the two men, broke faith and suddenly launched a strategic pursuit of the Chu army. When the army chased Xia Nan, Liu Bang gathered Han Xin and Peng Yue to the south, and * * * joined the Chu army through the camp.
In October of five years, Liu Bang led more than 200,000 troops to pursue 100,000 Chu troops to Guling (now Taikang, Henan). But at this time, neither Han nor Peng sent troops to cooperate with Liu Bang. Xiang Yu was furious when he knew. In the early morning, a sudden counterattack was launched here, killing nearly 20 thousand people of the Han army and defeating the Han army again. Liu bang hurriedly led the army to retreat into Chen Xia, built a fortress to hold on, and the Chu army surrounded Liu bang again.
Liu Bang, who stuck to the pass, asked Sean: "What can a vassal do if he doesn't keep his promise?" Sean replied, "The more the Chu troops are defeated, the less land they will be divided, which is inappropriate. Kings can work with the world, and now they can make a difference. I just can't. It's unclear. The king can dedicate himself to Han Xin from Fuhai east of Chen; Suiyang went north to Gucheng in order to fight: if you kill each other, Chu will be easily defeated. "
Therefore, Liu Bang adopted Sean's advice and sealed a large territory east of Chen to Han Xin, the king of Qi. North of Suiyang to Gucheng was awarded to Peng Yue. In this way, Liu bang finally stopped Han and Peng and made them all go south. At the same time, he ordered Liu Jia to lead a joint army to camp from Huaidi to the north, and the Fifth Route Army launched a final encirclement of Xiang Yu. The battle of Gaixia has begun.
Han Xin, king of Qi, was advancing 300,000 troops from Qi to the south, occupying Pengcheng, the capital of Chu, and today's vast areas such as northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui and eastern Henan. The soldiers pointed to the flank of Chu and attacked Xiang Yu from east to west.
Peng Yue, the king of Liang, led tens of thousands of troops to set out from Liangdi, heading south first and then westward. Liu Bang's headquarters troops drove the Chu army to retreat.
Han general Liu Jia led tens of thousands of troops together with Jiujiang Wang and other 100 thousand soldiers. Starting from Huaibei, we attacked Chu from the southwest, first attacking Shouchun, then attacking Xiacheng's father and killing all the soldiers and civilians in the city.
Zhou Yin, the Chu general guarding the downtown, sentenced Chu at this time, killing six counties first, then joining forces with Ying Bu and Liu Jia, and then converging on Xiang Yu in the north;
At the same time, Liu Bangze, who was supplemented by soldiers in Guanzhong, led more than 200,000 troops out of Guling and eastward;
The five armies of the Han army, with a total of nearly 700,000 people, formed a situation of encircling the Chu army from the west, north, southwest and northeast, and Xiang Yu was forced to lead ten Wan Chu troops to retreat to Gaixia.
In December of the 5th year of Han Dynasty, Liu Bang, Han Xin, Liu Jia, Peng Yue, Ying Bu and other five armies basically completed the encirclement of Gaixia (now Lingbi South of Anhui, Huaiyang and Lu Yi of Henan) with 654.38+ Wan Chu Army. Liu Bang immediately appointed Han Xin as the commander-in-chief of the allied forces to direct the army to fight. Han Xin ordered Liu Jia and Ying Bu Army to close the peripheral export of Chu Army from the south, while Peng Yuejun closed the access from the north. Han Xinjun's main force, Liu Bangbu's 300,000-strong army, integrated into one, and launched an attack on the trapped ten Wan Chu armies to launch a decisive battle!
At that time, Chu Jun was at an absolute disadvantage:
1. The land of the Western Chu State, which is located in the north of the Yangtze River, has all fallen, and the Wanchu Army has become absolutely alone;
Second, the Chu army was short of food for several months, and the soldiers were hungry and cold, and the army had no supplies at all;
Three, the han army allied soldiers about seven hundred thousand, and energetic, adequate food, high morale, and xiang yu alone one hundred thousand, after a long period of tired fighting, decisive battle is in the winter of December, and just removed from the front line of guangwu, no supplies, mostly wearing summer and autumn equipment, cold and hunger, morale to pieces;
Fourth, the Han army advanced in five ways in an orderly manner, first occupying Chu territory, then leaving the camp, step by step, and the encirclement was perfect, so it was difficult for the Chu army to launch a sudden counterattack;
Fifth, the Chu army is far away from the five counties in Jiangdong. Even if we break through the encirclement, it is difficult to return to our own territory in time under the pursuit of the Han army. It can be said that the breakthrough is invalid.
It is in such a situation that Han Xin's 300,000 troops are mainly composed of more than 200,000 soldiers from Liu Bang's headquarters, discharging five company arrays and launching a final attack on the ten Wan Chu troops trapped by the plate!
Han Xin led the main army of 500,000 to 600,000, and discharged such a formation: Han Xin led 300,000 troops in the middle and was the main striker; General Kong led tens of thousands of troops to the left; Chen He led tens of thousands of troops to the right; Liu bang led the main force of the headquarters to follow Han Xinjun, and General Zhou Bo led the troops to patrol.
For Xiang Yu and Chu Jun, the current situation can neither be maintained nor retreated.
Cutting off logistics, leaving no food, is tantamount to waiting for death!
If you retreat, all four counties in Jiangbei have been occupied, no way back; It's a long way back to Jiangnan, and the road is blocked by Liu Heying's army, and it will be trapped between the front and back of the Han army, which is like a dead end!
At that time, there was only one idea in Xiang Yu's mind: to break through Han Xin's 300,000 former troops with strong assault force and directly destroy Liu Bang, the central command system, so as to defeat the enemy and turn the tide!
And Han Xin's heart should be clear, Chu Jun has long been beheaded assault is no other way. Therefore, Han Xin deliberately set his headquarters at the last side of several iron walls composed of 300,000 troops, followed by 100,000 troops of Liu Bang's headquarters, followed by Zhou Bojun; At the same time, there are two large arrays, Kong and Chen He.
Han Xin's formation method is simple. It is not easy for Xiang Yu to attack and break through the war of 300 thousand troops. He can keep his headquarters from being destroyed as much as possible by hiding at the end. If Xiang Yu breaks through the battle of 300 thousand, he can quickly retreat to the protection of Liu Bang100 thousand's main force and continue to maintain the existence of the command system; If even this is broken, then the rear army of frequency will be responsible for covering Liu Bang and Han Xin to escape from the battlefield; The most important thing is its two large arrays on the left and right wings. Once Xiang Yu launched the central breakthrough tactics and attacked the headquarters of the Coalition forces, the left and right armies could take the opportunity to detour to the rear of the Chu army and improve the side of the Chu army to move the central breakthrough of the Chu army. Whether the Chu army can win this battle depends only on whether Xiang Yu's first charge can be successful before the Han army and the left and right armies complete the detour. If the command system of the Han army still exists before the Han army completes the detour, then the Chu army will fail. Both coaches know this very well.
To tell the truth, no matter what the outcome of this battle is, the artistic beauty of this battle is not high, and neither side can talk about any excellent tactical application.
In this way, the battle began:
First of all, Han Xin led five armies to provoke Chu Army. Xiang Yu immediately led ten Wan Chu armies to launch a central breakthrough, aiming at the headquarters in Han Xin. Xiang Yu personally led the army to attack and charged first. The Chu army charged first, and the cavalry followed. As soon as the Han army entered the war, the front line was immediately defeated. Han Xin immediately ordered the army to retreat, with 300,000 troops as a barrier to cover the retreat of the headquarters and Liu Bang's 100,000 troops. The Han army retreated while playing, and the Chu army put all its eggs in one basket and continued its crazy assault. Xiang Yu himself took the lead, even hundreds of Chu soldiers were left behind, and no one could catch up with Chu cavalry. Along the way, the Han army was like a dark cloud, and at first glance, it was everywhere. Xiang Yu led hundreds of soldiers to storm and even broke several lines of defense of the Han army. More than half of the 300,000 troops were scattered, and no one could stop them all the way, heading straight for Han Xin himself.
On the other hand, when Han Xin used the front line as a barrier to cover Liu Bangjun's retreat, the left and right armies led by Kong and Michael Chen also made circuitous maneuvers from the left and right sides of the Chu army, in order to prevent the Chu army from attacking the flank, split the cooperation between the Chu cavalry and infantry, and mobilize the Chu army to attack.
After half a day's fighting, there were countless Pojun in Chu Jun, and Han Xin's former army was almost smashed into waste residue, but Xiang Yu still failed to break into the headquarters of the Han army. Han Xin kept retreating and never appeared in front of Xiang Yu. However, Xiang Yu's fierce charge obviously widened the distance between the front and back of the army. At that time, the Chu army, Xiang Yu himself broke away from the whole army and rushed ahead, breaking through the enemy's defense; Followed by the main cavalry who rushed to Xiang Yu faster, the Han army scattered by Xiang Yu himself and crossed one by one; And finally, the slowest infantry, they and the Han soldiers who were not trampled to death by the cavalry continued to hunt down the cavalry. The Chu army became more and more dispersed and stretched, and gradually lost its close formation and mutual cooperation.
In the afternoon after the war, the Han army retreated again and again, and the left and right armies made a detour and made rapid progress, and finally completed the attack from front to back. The left and right armies of the Han army then attacked the rear wing of the Chu army, attacking from both sides in a dense formation, and quickly surrounded the left-behind Chu infantry. The officers and men of the Chu army fought to the death in World War I, and the officers and men of the two armies wrestled together, immediately showing a cross state, splitting the infantry and cavalry of the Chu army in half, and the offensive of the Chu army was stopped. Xiang Yu had no choice but to lead the rest of the cavalry back to Li and rescue the infantry.
When it was learned that the left and right armies had completed the circuitous attack on the infantry behind the Chu army, Han Xin immediately organized a counterattack and put Liu Bang's main force and all the remaining China troops into the counterattack.
The Han army retaliated against Xiang Yu and the Chu army forward cavalry. Hundreds of thousands of Han troops attacked the Chu army before and after. Seeing a genial smile, Xiang Yu immediately led the whole army to break through in the opposite direction, broke through the encirclement of the Korean left and right armies, and retreated into the camp. In this battle, the Chu army was killed 40,000 and captured 20,000. Less than 40 thousand wounded soldiers returned to fight Xiang Yu, and the Han army also suffered hundreds of casualties, paying a much higher price than the Chu army.
Subsequently, Han Xin led the whole army, gathered all the troops that had been scattered by the Chu army, and surrounded the Chu army camp. The decisive battle is over here.
The first emperor traveled eastward and wanted to replace him.
In 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang marched through Huiji (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), and Xiang Yu also went to watch it with everyone. On the sidelines, Xiang Yu could not help but blurt out, "He can take his place." This sentence alone shows Xiang Yu's great ambition and domineering when he was young.
Be unyielding to others and strike first.
After the Chen Sheng Uprising, Yin Tong, the prefect of Huiji, also wanted to take the opportunity to fight against Qin. When he summoned Xiang Yu in September 209 BC, he said, "Now is a good time to destroy Qin. It is said that the first attack is the first, and the second attack is the second. I want to start with you as soon as possible. " Is Xiang Yu, who comes from a famous family, willing to entrust himself to others? According to the plan, Xiang Yu killed Yin Tong, who claimed to be a "preemptive strike", incorporated his men and publicly raised the banner of the uprising.
Cross the rubicon, take one as ten.
In 208 BC, Zhang Han, commander-in-chief of the Qin Dynasty, commanded Qin Jun's main force to surround the giant deer, and Xiang Yu led his troops to rescue it. In order to show his determination to die, Xiang Yu led his troops across the river. "The boat is sinking, the pot is broken, the house is burning, and three diets show that the foot soldiers will die, and no one will return." Xiang Yu led the army to break the route for providing foodstuff for Qin Jun and fought fiercely with Qin Jun for nine games. "Chu soldiers are all equal to one." . Qin lost his troops, and Xiang Yu chased them, forcing Zhang Han to surrender his remnants.
Performing a sword dance while trying to kill someone ―― with ulterior motives.
After overthrowing the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu hosted a banquet in Hongmen (now near Lintong, Shaanxi) to "entertain" the hero Han Gaozu. At the banquet, Fan Zeng, Xiang Yu's counselor, showed several times that Xiang Yu wanted to kill Emperor Gaozu in order to avoid future trouble, but Xiang Yu ignored it because he could not bear it. So, in the name of sword-dancing, Fan Zeng asked Xiang Zhuang to kill Emperor Gaozu. Seeing the emergency, Sean, the counselor of Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, went out to call Fan Kuai and said, "Now Xiangzhuang's sword dance is often aimed at Pei Gong." So Fan Kuai broke into the banquet hall with a sword and rebuked Xiang Yu for breaking his promise. Xiang Yu was impressed by Fan Kuai's heroic momentum and drank with him. Emperor gaozu retired from danger.
Go back to your hometown and be your capital, and you will be crowned as a monkey.
After the Qin Dynasty was destroyed, Xiang Yu led the army into Xianyang and burned the bodies. The Xianyang fire lasted for three days. The adviser advised Xiang Yu: "Guanzhong is surrounded by mountains and waters, and the land is rich and beautiful, which can be used as the capital of the overlord." Xiang Yu refused on the pretext that "wealth does not return to his hometown, just like walking in the brocade at night, and no one knows it." The person who advised him sighed: "People say that the Chu people take bathing monkeys as their crown, and it really happens." Hearing this, Xiang Yu boiled and killed the person who said this.
Ambush on all sides, besieged on all sides
Because Xiang Yu was headstrong and cruel, he lost the support of all the governors and people in the world, and Yafu Fan Ceng also died of excessive suspicion of Xiang Yu. Therefore, Xiang Yu's army, which fought alone, finally suffered a crushing defeat in the "Chu-Han dispute" and was surrounded by the army of Emperor Gaozu in Gaixia (now south of Lingbi, Anhui). At night, the barracks were surrounded on all sides. Xiang Yu was shocked and disheartened when he saw that the tide was gone. He led dozens of his men, deus ex, and fled to Wujiang River. Because I consciously "have no face to see my elders in Jiangdong", I was exhausted and committed suicide.