You can ignore the various examples and just look at the explanations. The example is to let you know how to use it in the language environment
1. Structural particles, indicating ownership and affiliation: pure ~ heart.
2． Structural auxiliary words, indicating modifying relationships: slow down ~ plan; uninvited ~ guest; irreversible ~ pay.
3. Structural particles are used between the subject and the predicate to make them into sentence components: "The great road ~ Xingye, the world is for the common good."
It
4. Syllable auxiliary word, used fictitiously, meaning nothing: for a long time~.
5． A pronoun that replaces a person or thing: put it aside; take it lightly.
6． Pronouns, this, that: "~Two insects, who knows?"
7. Verb, go, arrive: "I want ~ the South China Sea".
8.. Understand the meaning of "ye"
The other two characters "ye" both have the meaning of "之". (Excerpted from page 414 of "A Preliminary Study on the Interpretation of Ancient Books - Selected Academic Papers of Huang Xianfan" written by Huang Xianfan)
Particles
1. Used in written language, used between the attributive and the central word to form a positive phrase.
Example: pure child~heart; yizi~spear, attack child~shield.
2． When used in written language, it is used between subject and predicate to cancel the independence of the sentence and become a partial structure.
Example: China is big; the avenue is OK
3. Syllable particles are used in vain and have no reference. They fulfill the role of syllables. Removing them has no effect on the structure and meaning of the sentence
Example: For a long time~; For a long time~, the eyes seem to be closed
Pronouns
1. Used as a personal pronoun in written language, replacing a person or thing.
Example: do the opposite; say what you say makes sense.
2． Used as a written language, personal pronoun, virtual reference.
Example: Over time~
3. Used as a demonstrative pronoun in written language, this, that.
Example: ~ Er Chong
Verb
Used in written language, to go.
Example: What will you do~? [1]
Yu
Preposition
"Yu" is combined with a noun, pronoun or noun phrase to form a preposition structure, which serves as an adverbial or complement.
Yu (3 photos)
1. Introduce places related to action behaviors.
⑴ Indicates where the action occurs, appears or is performed.
A. The preposition structure where "yu" is located is used as a complement after a verb or predicate. It can be translated as "in", or still as "in".
Example: I am a minister who is in harmony with my boudoir, but I would rather lead myself to hide the evil in the cave (Western Han Dynasty, Sima Qian's "Report on Ren An") Ming Dynasty "Governor Denglai Youqiandu Yushi Yuan Keli Jin Rank Military Department Right" "Edict of the Minister and his Couple": "At the time of the celebration, Tan Yu Liuhong's grace should be awarded to Bingyue."
B. The preposition structure where "yu" is located is used before a verb or predicate as an adverbial. Can be translated as "in".
Example: Han Sui and others set off from Liangzhou, became Zhonglang general again, and refused to go west. To the north of Wangyuan Xia, they were surrounded by tens of thousands of Qiang and Hu people, and there was no food.
The Diary of Qi Zhongmin Gong written by Qi Biaojia of the Ming Dynasty: "The envoy Yuan Huanzhong (Yuan Kelizi) came to meet him, and he immediately thanked him in the boat."
⑵ Introduction behavior The place or source of action. The preposition structure where "yu" is located is used as a complement after a verb or predicate. It can be translated as "from", "from", "since", etc.
Example: The young master cannot get the king after he saves his life, and the plan is not to be the only one to survive, but Zhao will be destroyed ("Xinling Lord steals the talisman to save Zhao").
⑶Introduce the place where the action behavior reaches. The preposition structure where "yu" is located is used as a complement after a verb or predicate. It can be translated as "to", "to", etc.
Example: Lord Pingyuan sent his envoy to Wei, and asked Mr. Wei to say (" Lord Xinling stole the talisman to save Zhao").
Yu’s calligraphy (5 pictures)
2. Introduce time related to motor behavior. [1]
⑴ Indicates when the action occurs or appears.
The preposition structure in which "yu" is located can appear before the verb predicate as an adverbial, or it can appear after the verb predicate as a complement. Can be translated as "in".
Example: An old scholar painted a ground to serve as a prison, which was impenetrable, and cut wood to serve as an official. If the discussion could not be correct, he decided to make a plan in Xianye ("Book of Bao Ren'an").
⑵ Indicates the continuation or termination time of the action. The preposition structure where "yu" is located is often used as a complement after the verb predicate. It can be translated as "to...when" or "to", or it can still be translated as "at".
Example: The lady cannot cut the rope and ink by herself early, and it will be a little late. As for the whip, she wants to draw the knot, which is not far away ("Report to Ren An").
3. Introduce the content of action behavior. The preposition structure of "yu" is located after the verb predicate and serves as a complement. It can be translated as "to", "to", etc.
Example: Now I will apply it to the heart of my heart and soul, and I will inform the people of my will ("Shang Shu Pan Geng Xia").
4. Introduce the objects directly involved in the action behavior. The preposition structure where "yu" is located is often used after the verb as a complement. No need to translate.
Example: Shaoqing's step: In the past, he was humiliated and given a book, and he was taught to be cautious in receiving things, and his mission was to promote talented scholars ("Book of Bao Ren'an").
5． Introduce objects related to action behavior to indicate to whom the action behavior is directed. The preposition structure where "yu" is located is located after the verb or predicate and serves as a complement. Can be translated as "toward".
Example: The young master's sister is the wife of Pingyuan Jun, the younger brother of King Zhao Huiwen. She left several letters to the king of Wei and the young master, asking for help from Wei ("Xinling Jun steals the talisman to save Zhao").
6． Introduce delivery, delivery recipients. The preposition structure where "yu" is located is located after the verb predicate and serves as a complement. It can be translated as "give", or still as "yu".
Example: Jinggong has a beloved daughter and asks to marry Yanzi ("Yanzi Chunqiu·Neipian·Miscellaneous")
7. Introduce people or things related to action behaviors to express the treatment relationship between people, things and actions.
⑴The preposition structure of "yu" is located after the verb predicate and serves as a complement. It can be translated as "for" or "for".
Example: Although I want to carve out my own work, I use eloquent words to decorate myself, which is not helpful to the common people. If I don’t believe it, it is enough to insult the ears ("Book of Bao Ren'an")
⑵ Where "Yu" is The preposition structure of is placed before the verb predicate and serves as an adverbial. It can be translated as "for" or "for".
Example: Jushi Zhang, a native of Fengzhou, gained some knowledge in Zen. When he was about to die, he sat in a meditation room and made an appointment with his disciples after a hundred days ("Xu Yi Jian Zhi·Jushi Zhang")
p>8． Introducing Party B who is related to Party A's actions means that the actions are completed or performed jointly by both parties, and it also means that Party A plays a leading role in the action and is the initiator. The preposition structure where "yu" is located is located after the verb and serves as a complement. It can be translated as "with", "with", "with", etc.
Example: In the spring of the sixth year, Qi attacked Song Dynasty, because they were not allied with Qi (Western Han Dynasty·Sima Qian's "Historical Records·Qi Taigong Family").
9． Introduce objects for comparison or comparison. Generally used to explain similarities and differences. The preposition structure of "yu" is located after the predicate and serves as a complement. It can be translated as "with", "with", etc.
Example: At this time, Lord Pingyuan did not dare to compare himself to others (" Lord Xinling stole the talisman to save Zhao").
10． Introduce the comparison object to express the degree of comparison. The preposition structure of "yu" is located after the adjective predicate and serves as a complement. Can be translated as "ratio".
Example: Everyone is destined to die. It may be heavier than Mount Tai, or lighter than a feather, and the uses vary ("Book of Bao Ren'an").
11. Introducing the active agent of the action in the passive sentence indicates passivity. The preposition structure where "yu" is located is located after the verb and serves as a complement. Can be translated as "being".
Example: King Huai did not know the difference between loyal ministers, so he was confused by Zheng Xiu internally and bullied by Zhang Yi externally ("Qu Yuan Biography").
12． Introducing the object that the action behavior benefits from indicates who the action behavior is for. The preposition structure of "yu" is located before or after the verb and serves as an adverbial or complement. Can be translated as "for".
Example: If the ministers do not try their best to serve the king of Lu, they must be unable to serve the king ("Zuo Zhuan·The Twenty-Sixth Year of Zhaogong").
Note: The ministers did not try their best for Lord Lu.
Conjunctions
Connect words or phrases to express parallel relationships. It is used more often in "Shangshu". It can be translated as "harmony", "with", etc.
Example: Tell you about the teaching of kindness and punishment ("Shangshu Kanggao")
Note: Tell you about the teaching of kindness and the principle of punishment.
Particles
1. Used in sentences, marking the object in front.
Example: The four kingdoms are with Fan, and the four directions are with Xuan ("The Book of Songs·Daya·Songgao")
Note: Fan means to defend; Xuan means to educate. Defend the four kingdoms and educate the four directions.
2． Used in sentences, before the verb, after the subject, and sometimes after words or adverbials expressing time. It makes the sentences harmonious and enhances the meaning of the chant.
Example: The king raised his army, repaired my sword and spear, and shared the same hatred with his son ("The Book of Songs·Qin Feng·Wu Yi")
3. Used at the beginning of a sentence, and sometimes used in parallel before verbs.
Example: As far as the border is concerned, as for the South China Sea ("The Book of Songs, Daya, Songgao")
Modal particles
are used at the end of sentences to express interrogative moods . Can be translated as "?" etc.
Example: King Zhao said: But is Mr. Shengyu? ("Lu Shi Chun Qiu·Shen Ying")
Verb
(1) (pictogram. Oracle bone glyph, indicating that the air is blocked but still overcoming. Original meaning: to exceed)
(2) Go; go [go]
I only want you to conquer the Yin Dynasty as a common state and bully the ministers. ——"Book·Da Gao"
(3) Take [take]
You will be on the grass during the day, and you will be in the pottery at night. ——"Poetry·Binfeng·July"
(4) Such as; like [look]
"Yi" said: "Between stones, not all day long, chastity and good luck. "It's like a stone. I'd rather use it all day long, and then I can't recognize it." ——"Yi Xici Xia"
(5) Another example: Yu He (How)
Noun
(1) Zhonglip, that is, bell Between the corners of the mouth.
(2) Grass name.
(3) The ancient sound wū, such as "picking three beauties in the mountains" ("Chu Ci·Nine Songs·Mountain Ghost")
its
Pronouns
[1] 1. Personal pronouns, he (third person) (theirs) (the)
Example: each gets what he wants/self-consistency~says/cannot let himself flow~
2. Demonstrative pronouns, that
Example: not tired~annoying
3. Demonstrative pronouns, virtual referents
Example: forget~ So
Adverb
1. Express speculation, rhetorical question
Example: ~What can I do?
2. Expressing a request or order
Example: Zi~Mianzhi!
Other uses
1. Used as an affix, such as: extremely, especially, such as its
2. Surname.
To
1.
2.
3. Use as a standard: "Zuo Zhuan·Xuan Gong 4th Year": "If you use virtuous people, you will not be able to eliminate diseases; if you use obedient people, your son will be strong and strong." [3]
4.
5.
(Yuan Keli) also added Prince Shaobao as a palace official. ——Ming Dynasty Chen Jiru's "Records of the Temple of the Great Sima Jie Huan and Yuan Gongjia"
6. Cause; reason: "Poetry Beifeng Yanqiu": "How long is it? There must be a reason." [3]
7.
8.
[4]
9. "Introduction" is used before a simple locative word to form a composite locative word or directional structure to express the boundaries of time, direction, and quantity: ~before;~on;three days~ After; county level ~ upper; Yangtze River ~ south; five thousand ~ within; twenty years old ~ lower. [4]
10.
The above meaning of "auxiliary minister" means words. At the end of the day, the Duke (Yuan Keli) sat down and resisted and said: "Your Majesty, I will not listen!" - Ming Dynasty Huang Daozhou's "Jiehuan Yuan Gong Biography"
11. Taking... as... is equivalent to "put... As..." or "think... is...": Food is the first priority for the people; building a harmonious society is the goal. [2]
Since the above is a little tired of the provocation, the government has taken the initiative to sell the name of Zhigu to suppress the real argument. Gong (Yuan Keli) Naikang Shu said: "In recent years, there have been many discussions and passionate words, which have caused the anger of Qian Sheng." - Ming Dynasty Huang Daozhou's "Jiehuan Yuan Gongzhuan"
12. Think; think: "National Policy" ·Qi Ceyi": "They are all beautiful in Xu Gong."[3]
13. "Lian" expresses the purpose, which is equivalent to "for the sake of": to recharge one's energy to facilitate another war; to increase production Save money and support the front line. [2]～Guang Audio and Video;～waiting for the opportunity. [4]
14. "Lian" means parallel (connecting predicate), which is equivalent to "er": the city wall is high and thick; the stars are charming and numerous. [2] "Book of Rites·Book of Music": "Therefore, if the sound of governing the world is peaceful and joyful, its government will be harmonious; if the sound of troubled times is resentful and angry, its government will be good; if the sound of a ruined country is mourning, its people will be trapped in poverty." [3]
15.
16. Introduce the direct object to the indirect object: give the enemy a fatal blow.
17.
18. To do; to act: "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng": "Depend on the reason." [3]
19. This; these: "Book of Rites·She "Yi": "Everyone who is a common man, big or small, has no place." [3]
20. Tong "Ji". Too; very: "Gongyang Zhuan·Zhuang Gongyuan": "If you live with a group of young masters, you will be humble." [3]
21. Tong "Ji". Already: "Hanshu·Zhang Changzhuan": "Now the two princes have come out." [3]
22. And: "Poetry·Zhaonan·Jiangyousi": "The return of the son is not I think." [3]
23, and: "The Analects of Confucius Yao said": "I am guilty, and there is no way to do it" [3]
24. , composition aid. Such as: can, can, can, enough. [3]
为
为 wéi
〈动〉
为
(1) "为The word "Zhao" comes from "Xiang", which is pictographic. The word "Xiang" in the lower part is not very similar to "Xiang" because the space is too small.
Being
(2) Pretending to be "fake". Do, make, do, do [do; act; make]
When I was born, I did nothing. ——"Poetry·Wang Feng·Rabbit Love"
Because I don’t know, I will not fall. ——"Zuo Zhuan·Ding Gong Twelve Years"
Those who do good are not good, so there is no way to think of good. ——"Guanzi·Shu Yan"
Change is life, and life is chaos. ——"Guan Zi·Xin Shu Shang"
For, to give. Again, it’s done. ——"Guangya"
A guest came from Yunneng, and the emperor sent an envoy to meet him. ——"Shishuoxinyu·Qiaoyi"
It's difficult. ——"The Analects of Confucius". Huang Shu: "You can still do it."
You can be a teacher. ——"The Analects of Confucius"
People learn. ——Peng Duanshu, Qing Dynasty, "A Poetry to Learn from My Nephew"
It is recommended as a long one. ——Xu Ke of the Qing Dynasty, "Qing Barnyard Note·War"
Few people did it. ——Cai Yuanpei's "Pictures"
(3) Another example: for things (doing things; accomplishing things); for deception (forging lies); for salary (getting salary); for good (doing good things); for the Tao ( Study the Tao and practice the holy way); be the head (be at the head; start from the beginning); be a human being (be a human being); be the queen (establish the queen); be the base (treat foot cocoons).
(4) Make; create [make; compose]
To make something, to do something. ——"Erya"
Think of a musical instrument. ——"Zhou Li·Chun Guan·Dian Tong". Note: "To do, to do."
What is it for? It is said that it is cold in winter and hot in summer. ——"Mozi·Jie Yong Shang"
If you look up at the twigs, the fists will be bent and cannot be used as pillars; if you look down at the large roots, the shafts will be broken and cannot be used as coffins. ——"Zhuangzi·Human World"
The response is poetry. ——"Shishuoxinyu·Literature"
(5) Governance [administer]
For, to govern. ——"Xiao Er Ya"
Zhuge Jin is Yuzhou. ——"Shishuo Xinyu·Pai Tiao"
(6) Another example: for the country (governing the country); for government (governing the country; taking charge of the state affairs)
(7) Change Become, become [become]
How could it not be a blessing? ——"Huainanzi·Human Lessons"
Don't cause trouble.
A loyal minister to the end. ——"Shishuoxinyu·Zixin"
And changed it to enter. ——Hong Mai of the Song Dynasty, "Rong Zhai's Continuation"
Zishu, a liberal and courageous man, was a Hubu Lang. ——Huang Daozhou's "Jie Huan Yuan Gong Zhuan"
(8) Another example: from apprentice to teacher
(9) It is [be]
not far away Those who are small. ——"Liezi·Tangwen"
It is not warm to those who are near.
Consider it a success if the disease is not cured. ——"Han Feizi·Yu Lao"
It is called three horizontal lines. ——Cai Yuanpei's "Pictures"
(10) Another example: Ten feet is one foot
(11) Study, study [study]
The ministers are If you are a scholar, your disciples are argumentative, your merchants are hoarding money, and your humble people are right-wingers, you will perish. ——"Han Feizi"
(12) Planting; farming [plant]
The Eastern Zhou Dynasty wanted to grow rice, but the Western Zhou Dynasty did not have water, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty suffered from it. ——"Warring States Policy"
(13) Set up; establish [establish]. For example: for law (making laws; becoming laws); for life (writing decrees and the words of alliance meetings); for mountains (to establish achievements).
(14) [let]
I feel sorry for you if you don’t eat well. ——"Yi Jing"
(15) Think; think [think; bilieve; consider]
You are very wise. ——"Liezi·Tang Wen"
Shocked by strangers. ——Xue Fucheng, Qing Dynasty, "Viewing Oil Paintings in Paris"
I will say that no one can do this. ——"The Poems of Tripitaka of the Tang Dynasty"
(16) Play [play]. For example: for music (playing music; making music)
〈name〉 surname
part of speech changes
to wéi
〈introduction〉
p>(1) Being [by] - the initiator who elicits the action
Not sleepy due to alcohol. ——"The Analects of Confucius·Zihan"
It is a problem for the countryside. ——"Shi Shuo Xin Yu·Zi Xin"
For the benefit of others. ——Song Dynasty Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bi Tan·Trap"
It was Cao Cao's first. ——"Zizhi Tongjian"
It is contrary to the evidence. ——"Guangdong Military Affairs"
(2) Another example: Don't be fooled by superficial phenomena; be stolen by thieves; be defeated by the enemy.
(3) Yu, in [in]——indicates time or place
Nowadays, people resign from their official positions and live in hiding under the countryside. ——"Huainanzi"
It is wéi
lt; even gt;
(1) and [and] - indicates a parallel relationship
Getting it means making money, and people in ancient times used it. ——"Mencius Gongsun Chou"
The rhinoceros headed the Liang Dynasty and fought together in Chengkuang but were defeated.
——"Warring States Policy"
(2) Then, [then] - indicates the inheritance relationship
A gentleman is brave but has no righteousness and causes chaos; a villain is brave but has no righteousness. For stealing. ——"The Analects of Confucius·Yang Huo"
(3) For example, if [if] - expresses a hypothetical relationship
Now you can govern the country with sincerity, and the country will be governed without hatred. For the sake of death, there will be no cure, so it is better to go. ——"Historical Records"
(4) Or, 俞[or] - indicates a choice relationship
Assistant Gu Liangxi said: "What is your surname? It is the lotus leaf." , is the river of river water?" Tuo responded and said: "Mr.'s surname is Gu, is it because of the care of Gu, because of the new cause?" - "The Biography of He Tuo in Northern History"
"Tai Shi" Note: I don’t understand “five arrivals”...I don’t know if five arrivals are in one day, but they are on different days. "——"Poetry·Zhou Song·Siwen" Shu
Mr. Bu Shen became an official in the Liang Dynasty and lived in seclusion again?——"Taiping Guangji"
(5) Another example: To be complex (either, or); to be (either or; still); to be (either or; still)
为wei
〈help〉
(1) Of, [of] - used in the noun positive structure
The gentleman is the disciple, and the four directions are the rules - "Book of the Later Han Dynasty"
(2) The sign of the preposition of the object
Let Yiqiu teach two people to play, one of them concentrates on it, but Yiqiu is listening - "Mencius"
(3) Attached to a single-syllable adjective. After that, it expresses the deepening or expansion of the degree or scope. For example, it is very happy; it is widely publicized.
(4) It is attached to the single-sound adverb that expresses the degree, such as: spread widely. More important.
It is wéi
lt; mood gt;
(1) Used at the end of a sentence to express rhetoric or questions, mostly with "he" Used in conjunction. For example: Why not do it?
(2) Used at the end of a sentence to express sighs
There is no use for the world - "Zhuangzi"
What is the order? ——"Mozi·Gongshu"
We are dependent on each other ——Liu Ji, Ming Dynasty, "Sincerity Bo Liu Wencheng's Official Collected Works" "
Xiangwei's response - "Xiangjixuan Zhi" by Gui Youguang of the Ming Dynasty
Common phrases
Be virtuous and do evil without being immoral. The law is harmful to oneself, to be wrong, to be evil, to be rich, to be unkind, to be a ghost, to be a monster, to be good, to be sorry, to be harmful, to be in trouble, to be in trouble, to be a fur, to a basket, to be a human being, to be a teacher, to be benevolent, not rich, to make a living, to be too early, to be market-leading, to be long-lived, to do whatever you want, to be literary, to be a group, to be limited, to be the main
Basic meanings
Wei wèi
〈动〉
(1) (The original meaning of the word Wei is a person leading an elephant to work . The word for understanding is from the paw to the bottom. It looks like two female monkeys facing each other. (2) Help; help. - "Poetry·Daya·Fu"
(3) Another example: Add (Fu) wings to the tiger
(4) Through "say"; tell [tell; speak]
In the Song Dynasty, what he did was like a pheasant, a rabbit, and a raccoon dog. ——"Mozi Gongshu"
Guan Zhong, what Zeng Xi did not do, but his son did what he wanted. Really? - "Mencius Gongsun Chou Shang"
Who is the shield and endures the murder of his king? - "Gu Liang Zhuan·Xuan Gong's second year"
Prince Angry, the king wept and said... - "Han Feizi·Wai Chu Shuo Upper Right"
Changes in Parts of Speech
For wèi
〈Introduction〉
(1) Because, because [because; for; on account of]
It is difficult for Jun’s wife to do it unless it is late for weaving.
——"New Odes of Yutai·Ancient Poetry Written by Jiao Zhongqing's Wife"
(2) Another example: for is (because it is, for is); why (why)
( 3) To replace, to give [for; for the benefit of]
To play the Yu for the king. ——"Han Feizi·Nei Zhushuo"
For the sake of Chang'an Lord, he planned his shortcomings. ——"Warring States Policy·Zhao Ce"
Making swords for the King of Chu. —— Jin Qianbao's "Sou Shen Ji"
Make a sword for the king.
It is the national garrison platform. ——Song Dynasty Lu You's "The Great Storm on November 4th"
(4) Another example: for Rong (to recommend someone with kind words); to go to the store to buy things for me; his lawyer to handle it for him Is this incident an act of disloyalty?
(5) For [for; for the sake of]
For the sake of the city's pommel horse. ——"Collection of Yuefu Poems·Mulan Poems"
What are the people doing? ——Wang Anshi, Song Dynasty, "Reply to Sima's Remonstrance"
It is because of those who do not complain.
Born to be full. ——Zhou Rong of the Qing Dynasty, "The Biography of Old Man Taro"
(6) Another example: sacrifice one's life for the country (giving one's life for the country); apologize for a good thing (turn a good thing into a bad thing); for Xu ( For this reason)
(7) Indicates the direction of the action and behavior, which can be translated as "facing", "facing", "facing" [facing to; towardward]
It is specific. smell. ——Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty, "Peach Blossom Spring"
It is not enough for outsiders.
Tell your disciples about past events. ——Zhou Rong, Qing Dynasty, "The Biography of Old Man Taro"
And
Name>
Cheek hair is also called those with drooping scales.
Pictogram. The small seal characters are shaped like a beard. The "一" on the top represents the tip of the nose, and the "|" represents the philtrum; the bottom is divided into two layers: the outer layer is like the beard on the cheeks, and the inner layer is like the beard growing under the mouth. One of the radicals of Chinese characters. Original meaning: cheek hair.
And, cheek hair also. ——Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Shuowen Jiezi. Volume 9. Erbu"
Deep its claws, come out of its eyes, and make its scales. ——"Zhou Li·Kaogong Ji·Zi Ren"
〈lian〉
Conjunctions that have been used since ancient times can connect words, phrases and clauses to express various relationships. , may not be translated
Old Chinese form
(1) Expresses a parallel relationship, equivalent to "和" and "AND".
A strange wild snake from Yongzhou, with black substance and white markings. ——"Snake Catcher's Theory" by Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty
Then you will know that you are born in sorrow and die in peace and happiness - "Mencius. Gao Zixia. Born in sorrow and die in peace and happiness"
Those who sacrifice their lives for righteousness - "Mencius. Gaozi 1. Fishing for what I want"
(2) Indicates a progressive relationship, equivalent to "and".
A gentleman is knowledgeable and considers himself day by day. ——"Xunzi Encouraging Learning"
Be a direct minister and serve our emperor, and you will be severely punished without regrets. ——Qian Qianyi, Ming Dynasty, "Yuan Ke set his father in Huaijia and presented Shangbaosi Shaoqing as a gift"
(3) It expresses a relationship of submission and inheritance, which is equivalent to "Jiu" and "Talent".
Yu Fang was eager to return the favor and shouted loudly on the water. ——Su Shi of the Song Dynasty, "The Story of Shizhong Mountain"
The village (tong "xiang") died for the sake of one's own body and was not accepted - "Mencius. >Wan Zhong then accepts the etiquette and righteousness without arguing (tong "distinguish") - "Mencius. Gao Zishang. Fishing what I want"
(4) It expresses a turning relationship, which is equivalent to "but ","but".
Green comes from blue, and green comes from blue. ——"Xunzi Encouraging Learning"
There is room for Jing but not enough for the people - "Gongshu"
(5) Expresses a relationship of purpose, which is equivalent to "come"
Man stands farsighted and looks lucky. ——"Afang Palace Fu"
(6) Expresses a hypothetical relationship, equivalent to "if".
If you are interested, you can look at the horse's head. ——Xu Ke of the Qing Dynasty, "Qing Bailei Chao·War"
If a person has no faith, he does not know what he can do.
——"The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng"
(7) It expresses a modifying relationship and connects adverbials, which is equivalent to "地"
I Xun Xun rises. ——"Snake Catcher's Theory" by Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty
(8) It expresses the relationship between cause and effect, equivalent to "therefore" and "therefore".
Zigong (Yuan Keli) initiated it, and the old and new cities stood like gold. ——Ming Dynasty Chen Jiru's "Records of Da Sima Jie Huan Yuan Gong's Family Temple"
Jade is in the mountains and the grass and trees are moist, and pearls are born in the abyss, but the cliffs are not withered. ——"Xunzi·Encouragement to Learning"
(1) You (you); your (our)
Don’t you do it without knowing it? . ——"The Book of Songs·Daya·Sangrou"
I know but am not guilty. ——"Zuo Zhuan"
The son returns and his parents die. ——"Guoyu·Wuyu"
It is all in the wine and meat, and enters the nose and mouth, but how can we know where it comes from? ——"Zhuangzi·Xu Wugui"
And When Weng returns, I will tell you again. ——"Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio·Promoting Weaving"
The thread is reeled early, and the thread is weaved early. ——Liu Zongyuan's "The Biography of Planting Trees and Guo Lituo"
And Weng-----your father
(2) In this way, this
are both being Forced, the same applies to the king and his concubines. ——"New Odes of Yutai·An Ancient Poetry Written by Jiao Zhongqing's Wife"
And the husband ------ this person; this person
(1) Expressing a positive relationship, equivalent to "zhi", "的"
Yuzhi and Guo rely on each other for strength. ——"Huainanzi·Renjian"
(2) Used with "up", "down", "front", "back", "lai" and "go", it is equivalent to "with"
What is metaphysical is called Tao, and what is metaphysical is called tool. ——"Yi·Xici"
(3) Indicates the tone, equivalent to "ah" or "ba".
The flower of Tang Di is the opposite. ——"The Analects of Confucius·Zihan"
If Ao's ghost is like a ghost, he will not be discouraged. ——"Zuo Zhuan·Xuan Gong Four Years"
(4) Used in a sentence to express a rhetorical question, equivalent to "is it possible" or "qi"
Be kind to oneself, and Is it up to people? - "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan"
(5) Used at the end of a sentence, it is equivalent to "ear", "which"
That's it, today's politics Those who are in danger. ——"The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zi"
〈motion〉
(1) For example, it seems that more than a thousand people drowned, and the army was frightened and destroyed, and they all abandoned it. . ——"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals"
(2) See also néng, Tong "neng"
①Able.
Be gentle but strong, use weak to be strong. ——"Huainanzi·Yuan Daoxun"
②Talent.
Those who conquer a country think of themselves like this. ——"Zhuangzi Xiaoyaoyou"
Ran
1. Yes, yes: ~ No. No~. I don’t think so.
2. Think it is right, agree, abide by it: ~ accept (think it is right and adopt it). ~ Promise (promise, keep your promise
Keep your promise).
3. Like this, like this: Dang~. ~After. ~Then.
4. Express a tone of voice (a. It expresses a decision, but it is vague, such as "I would like to have something to say~"; b. It expresses a comparison, but it is a general statement, such as "It is like seeing his lungs and liver~").
5. The appearance of... is used at the end of words to express the state: showing ~. Suddenly~. Flutter~.
6. Same as "burn" in ancient times. [1]