There is a dark snow-capped mountain in Qinghai, with long white clouds and a lonely city looking at Yumenguan.
Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned.
To annotate ...
1. Joining the army: an old topic in Yuefu, mostly about military war. This is a poem about military war. Line is a genre in ancient poetry.
Wang Changling joined the army.
2. Qinghai: Qinghai Lake.
3. Snow Mountain: This refers to Qilian Mountain in Gansu Province.
4. Wear: Wear.
5. Golden armor: battle suit, metal armor.
6. Loulan: The name of the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty generally refers to the pirates who harassed the northwest frontier at that time.
7. Ancient City: A city in Qinghai at that time. Speaking of isolated city, it is Yumen Pass.
8. Yumenguan: The establishment of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was named after the jade introduced from the Western Regions. Therefore, it is located in Xiaofang City in the northwest of Dunhuang, Gansu. During the Six Dynasties, the site moved eastward to the vicinity of Shuangta Fort in Anxi.
translate
Clouds over Qinghai darkened the snow-capped mountains and looked at Yumen Pass. Soldiers beyond the Great Wall have put on helmets and armor in many battles. If they can't capture Loulan City in the west, they will never come back.
[Modern Translation]
The endless dark clouds in Qinghai Lake,
Qilian mountain covered with snow all year round;
From a distance, you can only see the lonely city.
That's Yumen Xiongguan, which can't be moved by the spring breeze.
On the vast battlefield of Huangsha,
In many battles, the soldiers wore out their armor, clothes and shirts.
But if we don't wipe out the invading border thieves completely,
They will swear to death not to return home!
Distinguish and appreciate
The poem depicts the strong will and determination of frontier fortress and other scholars to fight to the death in the long and harsh fighting life. The poet described the bleak fighting environment in a highly generalized way: "Qinghai Changyun Dark Snow Mountain is a lonely city looking at Yumenguan." The long clouds over Qinghai Lake have eclipsed the snow-capped mountains stretching thousands of miles. While fighting in a lonely city, I also look at the war outside Yumenguan on the northwest border from time to time.
The long, prominent frontier and thick clouds set off the sadness of the battlefield.
It was dark, and it was dark, and the fighting continued until dusk.
Express the cruelty of war and the hardships of soldiers, as well as the determination and spirit of soldiers to defend their country and resist invaders.
The first two sentences mentioned three place names. Snow Mountain is Qilian Mountain in the south of Hexi Corridor. Qinghai and Guan Yu are apart from Wan Li, but they appear on the same picture, so there are different interpretations of these two sentences. Some people say that the first sentence is looking forward, and the next sentence is looking back at home. This is very strange. Qinghai and Snow Mountain are in front, and Yumenguan is behind. Then the hometown of the lyric hero should be the Western Regions west of Yumenguan, not the Han soldiers, but Hu Bing. On the other hand, the second sentence is an inverted sentence of "Looking at Yumenguan, an isolated city", and the object of looking at it is "the dark snow mountain in Qinghai". There are two misunderstandings here: one is to interpret "looking from afar" as "looking from afar", and the other is to misunderstand the general description of the northwest border region as what the lyric hero sees. The former misunderstanding is due to the latter misunderstanding. One or two sentences can be imagined as a picture of a vast area: over Qinghai Lake, the clouds are long and warm; To the north of the lake, there are snow-capped mountains thousands of miles across the cotton pavilion; Crossing the snow-capped mountains, it is an isolated city, standing in the desert of Hexi Corridor. Further west, it is the Yumen Pass, a military fortress far away from the lonely city. This long scroll, which condensed things thousands of miles away, was a typical environment for soldiers living and fighting in the northwest frontier at that time. It is a bird's eye view and a summary of the entire northwest border. Why did you specifically mention Qinghai and Guan Yu? This is related to the war between countries at that time. The strong enemies of the west and the north in the Tang Dynasty were Tubo and Turkic. Our special envoy's task in Hexi is to cut off the traffic between Tubo and Turkic, and take care of the two powerful enemies in the west and north within one town, mainly to defend Tubo and protect the Hexi Corridor. "Qinghai" area is the place where Tubo and Tang Jun fought many times; Outside Yumenguan, it is the sphere of influence of Turks. Therefore, these two sentences not only describe the scene of the whole northwest border, but also point out the extremely important geographical situation that the "isolated city" rejects Tubo in the south and defends Turks in the west. The strong enemies in these two directions are the heart of the soldiers guarding the "lonely city", so Qinghai and Guan Yu should appear on the screen. This is not so much what the soldiers see, but rather what emerges in their minds. These two sentences are permeated with rich and complex feelings while writing the scenery: the frontier soldiers' concern for the frontier situation, their pride and sense of responsibility for their tasks, and the loneliness and hardship of frontier life are all integrated in the tragic, open and misty scenery.
Three or four sentences changed from environmental description with scenes to direct lyricism. "Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles" is a generalization.
Huang Calligraphy "Joining the Army"
Strong verse. The length of the border defense, the frequency of wars, the hardship of fighting, the strength of the enemy and the desolation of the border are all summed up in these seven words. "Hundreds of battles" is more abstract, and the word "yellow sand" highlights the characteristics of the northwest battlefield, which reminds people of the scenes of "the medieval battlefield with sand clouds at dusk": "hundreds of battles" and "wearing golden armor", and it is even more conceivable that the battle was arduous and fierce, and it is also conceivable that there were a series of heroic sacrifices in this long time. However, although the shining golden armor has worn out, the soldiers' ambition to serve the country has not been tempered, but has become more determined in the tempering of desert sand. "Never break the Loulan, never return it" is the heroic oath of the battle-hardened soldiers. The more the last sentence highlights the difficulty of the battle and the frequency of the war, the more forceful it becomes, hitting the floor. In a word or two, the realm is broad and the feelings are tragic and rich; There is an obvious turning point between three or four sentences, and the two sentences are in sharp contrast. Although the phrase "yellow sand" describes the hardships of war, the actual feeling of the whole image is majestic and powerful, not deep and sad. Therefore, the last sentence is not a lament for returning home without a day, but a firmer and deeper oath based on a deep understanding of the hardships and length of the war. An important ideological feature of the excellent frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is that while expressing the lofty sentiments and ambitions of the frontier guards, they do not shy away from the hardships of war. This article is an obvious example. It can be said that three or four sentences are not empty and superficial expressions, only one or two sentences of rich environmental description are needed. The high unity of typical environment and characters' feelings is a prominent advantage of Wang Changling's quatrains, which is also clearly reflected in this paper. (for adoption)