First, family background.
Grandfather Su Xu, the word Zhong Xian. Grandma Shi. Father Su Xun, mother Cheng. In the third year of Song Renzong Jingyou (1037), Su Shi was born in Meishan (now Meishan, Sichuan). His father named him "Stone", which means the armrest in front of the car. It is essential to bring him out of obscurity and help the poor. Su Shi has a younger brother, Su Zhe, who is two years younger than him (1039). The two brothers learned to play together since childhood, and later they were admitted to Jinshi in the same year.
When Su Shi was young, his father traveled abroad, and his mother raised him and taught him to read, which made him follow Fan Pang's example. Su Shi is open-minded and easy to make friends. And his father, Su Xun, and his brother, Su Zhe.
Su Xun once claimed to be a descendant of Su Weidao, a minister in the early Tang Dynasty. But Su Xun himself admitted that the descent between Su Weidao's descendants and his great-grandfather could not be verified, and Su Xun's great-grandfather was the upper limit of his belief in history. Su Xun's root-seeking method, at that time, some people did not agree.
Liu Liyan believes that Su Xun compiled a genealogy and took Su Weidao, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty more than 300 years ago, as the ancestor of his family because he took a fancy to Su Weidao's popularity. The purpose of Su Xun's genealogy is to unite the people regardless of relatives and friends, to strive for * * * to enjoy political and social resources, and to unite the clan with fictional ancestors.
Second, official career
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi was only 20 years old. He went to Beijing with his younger brother Su Zhe, and Su Shi was the second scholar. At that time, the examiner was Ouyang Yong, and Su Shi was favored by the examiner Mei with a paper entitled "On Punishment Loyalty" and recommended it to the examiner Ouyang Xiu. Ouyang Xiu also appreciates it.
Originally, I wanted to be the first, but I was afraid that this article was written by my favorite pupil, Ceng Gong. In order to avoid suspicion, it was listed as the second. As a result, when I opened the paper, I found that the article was written by Su Shi, and Ceng Gong got the first place in the exam, which was self-defeating. When it came to the second interview of the Ministry of Rites, Su Shi ranked first with "Spring and Autumn Game" and ranked first in B-level.
After three years of Zhiping (1066), his father Su Xun died, and Su Shi returned to Shu for mourning. Yingzong pitied him and agreed to transport Su Shi's family by official ship.
In the second year of Xining (1069), he served as Yuan Wailang, the ancestral family, and opposed some moves of Wang Anshi's political reform. Therefore, Wang Anshi repeatedly vilified Su Shi in front of Zongshen, and Sima Guang and Fan Zhen recommended Su Shi as an admonition officer. On the contrary, the emperor asked Su Shi to write a suicide note, and Wang Anshi advised the emperor that Su Shi took the opportunity to transport hematoxylin (a dye) when he went home to mourn.
In the past three years, because Su Shi has always opposed Wang Anshi, Wang Anshi's suggestion Xie framed Su Shi for selling illicit salt. Fan Zhen strongly refuted Su Shi's false accusation of selling salt and was willing to retire.
In the third year of Xining (1070), Su Shi served as the examiner of the imperial examination. Su Shi originally intended to make Shangguan Wanjun the first (No.1 scholar), but because he found that Shangguan Wanjun's strategy vilified Wang Anshi's political reform, he changed Shangguan Wanjun to the second.
In the fifth year of Xining (1072), Su Shi could not bear the persecution of the new party and sought westernization. The emperor wants to know the state, and Wang Anshi will only give it to Yingzhou. The emperor finally compromised and made Su Shi a better judge in Hangzhou. Three years later, he was promoted to well-known, even knowing Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. Xi Ning went to Xuzhou in April of the tenth year. On July 7, 2008, the Yellow River burst and the water trapped Xuzhou. Su Shi participated in the disaster relief.
Yuan Feng was 43 years old in the second year (1079). He was imprisoned for Wutai poetry case and died several times. Because he wrote an article saying goodbye to the imperial court, Empress Dowager Cao, Wang Anli and others came forward to hold hands, and the emperor was tempted. Su Shi finally survived his death and was demoted to "Huangzhou Youth League Training Assistant, Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Water Affairs and Proofreading Minister", which was an important stage of his literary creation career.
In Huangzhou, he "lived in seclusion, boating, traveling, and mixing fish with firewood". He made friends with Zhang Huaimin and Zen people. At that time, Fo Yin served as the abbot of Guizong Temple in Lushan Mountain, and had contacts with Su Shi from time to time. Su Shi said, "Yi Deng, a hundred lamps, is the king of constant sand magic. Dongpo dared not borrow them, but borrowed four lamps as a meditation bed." Yuanfeng left Huangzhou in seven years.
In the first year of Yuan You (1086), he acceded to the throne, and the high queen mother listened to politics. She returned to North China as a doctor of rites, a calligraphy scholar in and a bachelor of Hanlin. In Yuan You for four years (1089), I visited Longtuge, and went to places like Zhihang and Yingzhou. , is an official does not ministers.
Shao Shengyuan (1094) was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou (Hainan Island) by Zhezong.
In the third year of Fu Yuan's reign (1 100), Song Huizong acceded to the throne, listened to the queen mother and ordered Su Shi to return to the north.
In Yuan Dynasty (1 10 1), in summer, he drank too much cold drinks, had loose bowels and took Astragalus by mistake. As a result, his condition deteriorated. "There are countless people who bleed through their teeth like earthworms", and he died in Changzhou Sun Shi Pavilion on July 28th at the age of 64. His brother Su Zhe was buried in Little Emei Mountain in jia county. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Song Xiaozong and Wenzhong posthumous title.
Su Shi does not belong to any faction politically, so he is tired of dealing with the old and new party struggles. When something happens, "if there are flies in the dish, it will be self-defeating." Su Shi not only opposed Wang Anshi's more radical reform measures, but also disagreed with the abolition of the new law by Sima Guang, the old party. He was rejected by both the old and new parties, had a bumpy career and often relegated foreigners far away.
However, he is honest and clean in all places, promoting advantages and eliminating disadvantages, with good political achievements and good reputation. Su Causeway in Hangzhou West Lake is an example.
Su Shi (103765438+1October 8th-165438+August 24th), a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), was a famous writer, politician, artist and physician in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Zi Zhan, the word He Zhong, is a famous Dongpo layman and an iron Taoist. Jiayou was a scholar for two years, with a bachelor's degree in Ming and a bachelor's degree in Hanlin.
Fang Chi, a Southern Song Neo-Confucianist, and Wen Zhong, posthumous title. There are The Complete Works of Mr. Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu Poems handed down from generation to generation, and Wang Zongji, a poet of the Song Dynasty, collected his works and compiled The Complete Works of Su Wenzhong.
Extended data:
style
Wang Yang's writing style is wanton and easy to understand. He once said to himself, "It is roughly like running water. It is uncertain at first, but when you do what you do, you will often stop where you can't stop.". Although you laugh and scold, you can recite it in the book. "
His poems are fresh and vigorous, and he is good at using exaggerated metaphors. It is full of light and outstanding from generation to generation. Since there is an article, the cover is also rare. At that time, scholars such as Huang Tingjian, Chao, Qin Guan and others were unknown. They treat them like friends and never give themselves to the teacher.
Huangzhou Ci is a wonderful work of Su Ci. Huangzhouwen is the peak of Suwen; Fu on the Red Wall is his masterpiece. Huang Tingjian once criticized Su Shi, saying: "Dongpo's articles are wonderful in the world, but their shortcomings are easy to scold, so we should not lightly attack their traces." Chen said, "Edgar Allan Poe is generous and sickly, and it can be seen in his poems that there is a tendency to satirize the present." Chen Shidao said: "Su Shi began to learn from Liu Yuxi, so he complained a lot and should not learn carelessly."
work
Su Shi's existing literary works * * * have more than 2,700 poems, more than 3 million words and a large number of prose works.
The Supreme Theory of Criminal Loyalty, written in the second year of Jiayou (1057), is the earliest famous article.
Southbound Collection, the fourth year of Jiayou (1059), co-edited with my father and brother, with more than 40 poems, the earliest batch.
Su Shen Liang Fang is a modern biography of Shen Kuo based on Liang Fang and Su Shi's Miscellaneous Treatises on Medicine.
The earliest writing was written in the fifth year of Xining (1072).
His poems include Seven Chapters of Dongpo, Dongpo Collection and Dongpo Ci.
There are some books that have been handed down, such as Essays by Teacher Xie, Essays in Memory of the Yellow River, Poems on Cold Food in Huangzhou, Poems on Xilin Wall, Drinking Rain after Chu Qing on the Lake.
Paintings include "Strange Stone Map of Dead Trees" and "Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Map".
His works include "The Map of the Pure Cause Hospital" and "Poems on Sleeping".
Song Gaozong and Song Xiaozong, emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty, highly praised him and his works. In the Song Dynasty, many anthologies were edited and published, such as Poems of Su Wenzhong and Complete Works of Su Wenzhong. The Complete Works of Su Wenzhong, also known as the Complete Works of Dongpo, can be divided into two categories.
One is diversity compilation, which is called Dongpo's seven-volume edition, and also marked Dongpo's complete works, that is, Dongpo's forty volumes, the last twenty volumes, fifteen volumes of recitation, ten volumes of internal production, three volumes of external production, and four volumes of Tao poetry collected by imperial edict, all of which came from Su Shi's original intention and were gained by later generations, so they are popular in China. One is classified and co-edited, called the Complete Works of Dongpo.
An Analysis of the Summaries of Siku said: "The classification and co-editing began with the English version of Jushi, and the so-called complete works of the Song Dynasty used this example." He also said: "The complete works of the Song Dynasty were engraved by Masha Bookstore."
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Su Shi