Bao Gong
Bao Zheng (999 AD - 1062 AD), courtesy name Xiren, was born in Hefei, Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui), Han nationality. Born into a bureaucratic family. He was born in the second year of Xianping in the Northern Song Dynasty (999). Jinshi of Tiansheng Dynasty. Lei Qian supervises the censor and recommends training troops, selecting generals, and replenishing border supplies. He served as an envoy to Khitan and successively served as the judge of the household department of the third division and the transshipment envoy of Jingdong, Shaanxi and Hebei roads. He entered the court and served as the deputy envoy of the Third Department of Household Affairs, requesting the court's permission to release salt and trade. He changed his knowledge to the Remonstrance Court and repeatedly discussed the impeachment of powerful ministers. He was awarded the direct bachelor degree of Longtuge and the transfer envoy of the capital of Hebei Province. He was transferred to Ying and Yangzhou states, and then summoned to the court. He had the power to know the Kaifeng Prefecture, the censor Zhongcheng, and the third division envoy. In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign (1061), he was appointed deputy envoy to the Privy Council. He later died in the throne and was given the posthumous title "Xiaosu". As an official, Bao Zheng was famous for his wisdom and uprightness in breaking prison sentences. When he knew Luzhou, he did not avoid being pro-party in enforcing the law. When in Kaifeng, the main entrance of the government was opened, so that litigants could go to the front of the hall to sue themselves and put an end to treacherous officials. The dynasty was resolute, and the nobles and eunuchs held back their hands for it. There is a saying in the capital that "if the joints are not connected, there will be an old man named Yama". Later generations regarded him as the embodiment of an upright official - Bao Qingtian.
Bao Zheng, also known as Bao Qingtian and Bao Gong among the people. Born in 999 and died in 1062. Xiren, named Xiren, was born in Hefei, Luzhou (now Feidong County, Hefei City, Anhui Province). He was a Jinshi in the fifth year of Tiansheng (1027) in the Northern Song Dynasty. After becoming a Jinshi, his parents were old and could not bear to go far away to serve as officials. It was not until his parents died one after another and the filial piety was completed that he became an official under the persuasion of relatives and friends. This period lasted for ten years, so he was known in the countryside as a filial piety.
In the fourth year of Song Jingyou's reign (1037), Bao Zheng was appointed magistrate of Tianchang (Anhui Tianchang) County and had considerable political achievements. After his term of office expired, he was transferred to Zhiduanzhou (Zhaoqing, Guangdong). When he returned to Beijing, he was appointed as the Supervisory Censor Li Xing, and he was changed to the Supervisory Censor and became the "Advocate". He could impeach officials who acted improperly or acted illegally. In order to punish corrupt officials, in the 28th month of the fourth year of Qingli Dynasty (1044), he wrote to Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty "Begging for Officials Who Don't Use Pickpockets", believing that incorruptibility is an example for people, while stolen goods are "people's thieves". Bao Zheng wrote seven times to impeach Wang Kui, the transshipment envoy of Jiangxi, and exposed that he was "like a snake and a scorpion" and harmed the people. He also severely criticized the official appointment system of the Song Dynasty. From the second year to the third year of Huangyou (1050), Bao Zheng impeached his relative Zhang Yaozuo three times and tried to clear up the huge fraud case of demon Leng Qing impersonating the prince, which shocked the government and the public.
When Bao Zheng served as the judge of the household department of the third division and the deputy envoy of the third division, he successively served as the transit envoy to Jingdong, Shaanxi, Hebei and other places. Everywhere he went, he worked to reduce the burden on the people, reform bad government, and Taking the development of production as our own responsibility, we put forward the economic thought of "broadening the people and benefiting the country". On many occasions, for the sake of national affairs, he said things that the emperor did not like to hear, criticized powerful ministers, and requested that the favor bestowed by the emperor on his trusted bureaucrats be removed and that everything should be handled through normal channels of the competent authorities. He wrote out the three memorials written by Wei Zheng of the Tang Dynasty to Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and presented them to Song Renzong as a motto to always be vigilant and put national affairs first. He asked Renzong to accept advice with an open mind, to distinguish right from wrong, not to engage in "preconceived notions" and listen to partial beliefs, but to cherish talents, remove harshness, impose strict punishments and bans, prohibit evil talk and heresy, and not build large-scale construction projects at will, etc., etc., etc., the court often adopted and implemented them.
In December of the first year of Jiayou (1056), the imperial court appointed Bao Zhengquan as the magistrate of Kaifeng Mansion. He officially took office in March of the following year and left office in June of the third year, with only one year left. The rest. But in this short period of time, Kaifeng Mansion, which was known to be difficult to govern, was managed in an orderly manner. Dare to punish the illegal behavior of the powerful, resolutely curb the arrogance of Kaifeng officials, and be able to promptly punish those who make false accusations. Because Bao Zheng enforced the law strictly in Kaifeng Mansion, was selfless and dared to confront the enemy, the eunuchs of the noble family had to restrain themselves and felt scared when they heard Bao Zheng's name. Children, women and children all know the name of Bao Zheng and affectionately call him "Bao Shizhi".
Bao Zheng - life story
Bao Zheng wax figure
Bao Zheng was born in the second year of Xianping in the Northern Song Dynasty (999). (In operas such as "The Guild of Bao Mian" and "Bao Gong's Apology", it is said that Bao Zheng was abandoned by his parents since he was a child and was raised by Bao Zheng's sister-in-law. This is not consistent with historical reality. In fact, Bao Zheng's childhood, Deeply loved and educated by his parents
Official career
When Bao Zheng grew up, he was also extremely filial to his parents. Ouyang Xiu, a contemporary of Bao Zheng, once accused Bao Zheng of "having little knowledge." ".
The "knowledge" here mainly does not refer to reading and cultural level, but to understanding the ways of the world. In fact, Ouyang Xiu was not belittling Bao Zheng, but believed that Bao Zheng "rarely had filial piety and was known in the countryside; late in life he had direct integrity and was famous in the court", so he should be given a more suitable and appropriate official position. Bao Zheng also studied hard when he was a teenager, so when he was 29 years old, he finally passed the Jinshi A Division. According to the regulations of the Song Dynasty, after passing the Jinshi examination, you can become an official. Bao Zheng was sent to Jianchang County (now Yongxiu, Jiangxi) to serve. However, Bao Zheng believed that his parents were old and he should serve them filially, so he requested to return to Anhui and serve as an official in Hezhou (today's He County, Anhui). However, his parents wanted their son to be by their side, so Bao Zheng decided to resign and go home. He served his parents at home for many years. Until his parents passed away and the mourning period expired, Bao Zheng still did not want to leave his hometown. At that time, this kind of feudal filial piety was praised by people in his hometown. A Shinto monument erected by Bao Zheng for his father Bao Lingyi was discovered in Hefei, Anhui. On the stele are engraved in seal script "The Song Dynasty Emperor presented the Shinto stele to Bao Gong, the minister of the Ministry of Punishment". This is not only a precious cultural relic left by Bao Zheng, but also a testimony of his filial piety.
Perhaps because of Bao Zheng's selfless character, he was appreciated by the ministers, so the imperial court transferred Bao Zheng to the capital Kaifeng in the third year of Qingli (1043). This is the second time Bao Zheng has come to the capital since taking the exam in Beijing. Bao Zheng was appointed as the supervisory censor. At that time, although the supervisory censor did not have much real power, it was very important to Bao Zheng. This is because from now on, Bao Zheng can directly participate in the government affairs, and can put forward opinions and suggestions on all aspects of the court, especially employment and other aspects. In fact, during his tenure as the Supervisory Censor, Bao Zheng did put forward many criticisms and improvement measures for the internal and external affairs of the Northern Song Dynasty. He also served as an envoy to Khitan (Liao Kingdom) and completed the task brilliantly.
In the summer of the sixth year of Qingli (1046), Bao Zheng was transferred to the position of judge of the household department of the third division. At that time, the Third Division was the central financial institution. The Ministry of Revenue was in charge of the national household registration, two taxes, etc. The judges of the Ministry of Revenue assisted the work of the Third Division. Bao Zheng has served as the transit envoy for Jingdong, Shaanxi, and Hebei. The transit envoy is responsible for the financial, supervision and other administrative affairs along the way (equivalent to the province). At the local level, Bao Zheng attached great importance to understanding the sentiments of the people and asked the court to allow the people to recuperate and live and work in peace and contentment. Two years later, Bao Zheng was recalled to Kaifeng and promoted to deputy envoy of the Ministry of Household Affairs. During this period, he went to Hebei to solve the problem of military rations, and also went to Shaanxi to solve the problem of the salt industry in Yuncheng (now part of Shanxi). In Hebei, he petitioned for the land used to raise horses to be returned to local governments and farmers. In Yuncheng, he reformed the salt tax laws to facilitate traders in the salt industry.
Bao Zheng
Bao Zheng’s outstanding work and the results that benefited the country and the people led to Bao Zheng being promoted to Tianzhang Pavilion to be made in the second year of Huanghu (1050). Zhijianyuan. Tianzhang Pavilion is the place where the imperial books and documents are stored. The title to be made is famous but not powerful. Bao Zheng is also called Bao Daizhi, which is just an honorific title for him. However, it is very important to know that the admonishment court also serves as an admonishment officer. The task of the admonishment officer is to advise the emperor on the shortcomings of the government, which can involve all aspects of the government. During Bao Zheng's concurrent tenure as an admonisher, he not only repeatedly criticized the lawless officials, but also put forward innovative suggestions for many aspects of current affairs. Unfortunately, two years later, Bao Zheng changed his name to a direct bachelor of Longtuge, which was also a false title (from then on, people also called him Bao Longtu), and he left the capital again and went to Hebei, Luzhou, and Chizhou ( He served as local officials in places such as Guichi (now Guichi, Anhui) and Jiangning (now Jiangning, Jiangsu). It was not until the third year of Zhihe (1056) that he returned to the capital and served as the prefect of Kaifeng. In the fourth year of Jiahu (1059), Bao Zheng was promoted to an important minister at that time with the official positions of Privy Councilor, Quan Sansi Envoy, etc. In the second year, he was promoted to the rank of Third Secretary Envoy and Deputy Privy Envoy, which is equivalent to the position of Deputy Prime Minister.
Advocate reform
The Renzong era in which Bao Zheng lived was no longer as vibrant as it was in the early Song Dynasty. Redundant officials, redundant soldiers and redundant expenses became the three major disasters at that time, and the common people's The burden increased, and soldier riots and peasant uprisings occurred in various places. Faced with this situation, Bao Zheng advocated the rectification and reform of current affairs out of concern for the country and the people. It should be said that the purpose of Bao Zheng's reform proposals was to consolidate the feudal autocratic rule of the Song Dynasty, but from an objective effect, it was beneficial to the lower class people at that time. This is the reason why Bao Zheng is loved by people all over the world.
This reform not only has a certain status and role in the history of Chinese law, but also has progressive significance. Bao Zheng has two characteristics in handling cases: first, he is not afraid of power, and second, he redresses grievances for the people. The combination of the two is Bao Gong. Not being afraid of power and having the courage to act against the wind was not an easy task in the Song Dynasty. That intricate relationship has long connected bureaucrats, nobles, gentry, and bullies with a rope of vested interests, that is, privileges. It is not easy to break through this network that has been woven to protect the interests of the landlords and nobles. However, Bao Zheng rose to the challenge and with his courage, not afraid of losing his reputation, "the nobles, relatives and eunuchs held back their hands for him, and everyone who heard about it was afraid."
A fire broke out in a small street in Kaifeng. Some scoundrels even teased Bao Zheng. They chased Bao Zheng and asked him: Should we go to Tianshui Lane to get water for the fire, or should we go to Bitter Water Lane to get water? Bao Zheng saw that they were some local gangsters who were coming to sabotage the fire-fighting work, so he ordered them all to be killed.
Bao Zheng Temple
As early as when he was in Tianchang County, Bao Zheng had handled a cattle stealing case. There was a rogue who cut off the tongue of the farmer's cow. The farmer complained to the government, and Bao Zheng said to the farmer, "Go home and kill the cow and eat it." The farmer really went home and killed the cow. The laws of the Song Dynasty stipulated that it was illegal to kill farm cattle without permission. So the scoundrel went to the county and accused the farmer of killing the cow. Bao Zheng was furious and immediately interrogated the rogue, why did you cut off the other man's cow tongue? The scoundrel had no choice but to confess, and was secretly surprised: How could you, Bao Zheng, know that I was the one who committed the crime? In fact, Bao Zheng made his judgment based on reasoning: since someone wants to harm others, then if someone breaks the law, that person must take the opportunity to file a complaint, so Bao Zheng Ask the farmers to simply kill the cows to lure those who cut the tongues to complain.
Crack down on powerful people and criminals, protect the interests of civilians, directly make decisions for the people, and reduce the burden on farmers. When Bao Zheng was appointed as the supervisory censor, a strange thing happened. Wang Kui, the transshipment envoy, complained to the emperor. The complaint was that the local official in Chenzhou (now part of Henan Province), who was appointed as a middle division, exploited the farmers and charged more money and grain. In the minds of people at that time, Ren Zhongshi was honest and Wang Kui was greedy and humble. Was this the evil person who complained first? So we need to send someone to investigate. Many people were afraid of Wang Kui's power and were unwilling to go. In order to find out the truth and eliminate harm for the people, Bao Zheng resolutely came to Chenzhou. After investigation and mastering the evidence, Bao Zheng returned to the capital and reported to the emperor. He arbitrarily searched the peasants, causing dissatisfaction and inability to live among the peasants. It's Wang Kui. Bao Zheng demanded that Wang Kui be removed from his post and that the overcharged money and grain be returned to the farmers. The opera "Chenzhou Grain Release" is based on Bao Zheng's deeds, exaggerated and fictionalized. Bao Zheng handled the case without favoritism or fraud, so at that time, people all over the world, men, women, old and young, knew Bao Gong. The people in the capital even hailed Bao Gong as the savior.
Bao Zheng - Official Performance List
In the fifth year of Tiansheng (1027): Dali judged affairs, knew Jianchang County (not going), supervised and prefecture tax (not going) .
Bao Zheng in "Bao Qingtian"
In the fourth year of Jingyou (1037): Cheng of Dali Temple, Zhitianchang County.
In the first year of Kangding (1040): the prime minister in the palace knew Duanzhou.
In the third year of Qingli (1043): Supervise the censor Li Xing and engage in the East Planning Department.
In the fourth year of Qingli (1044): the censor of supervision, the magistrate of Quandu branch, and the magistrate of the third division of household affairs.
In the sixth year of Qingli (1046): Jingdong transfer envoy.
In the seventh year of Qingli (1047): Zhijixianyuan, Yuanwailang of the Ministry of Industry, and the transfer envoy of Shaanxi.
In the eighth year of Qingli (1048): Wailang, a member of the Ministry of Punishment, the transfer envoy to Hebei (before taking office), and the deputy envoy of the Third Department of Household Affairs.
In the second year of Huangyou (1050): Tianzhang Pavilion was waiting to be established. Wailang, a member of the Ministry of War, knew the admonishment court.
In the fourth year of Huangyou (1052): He was a direct bachelor of Longtuge, a transfer envoy from Hebei Province, and a pacification envoy from Gaoyangguan Road.
In the fifth year of Huangyou's reign (1053): Yangzhou was known (later known as Luzhou).
In the second year of Zhihe (1055): Wailang, a member of the Ministry of War, knew Chizhou.
In the first year of Jiayou (1056): the doctor of the Ministry of punishment, the doctor of Yousi, knew Jiangning Mansion (later Quan Kaifeng Mansion).
The third year of Jiayou's reign (1058): You admonished the officials, Quan Yushi Zhongcheng and the inspector, led the transfer envoys, promoted some prisons, and took the examinations.
In the fourth year of Jiayou's reign (1059): Privy Councilor, Privy Councilor, and Quan Sanshi Envoy.
In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign (1061): in the title of Shizhong, he was appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of Rites (later the Minister of the Ministry of Rites), the Third Chief Envoy, and the Deputy Privy Envoy.
In the seventh year of Jiayou's reign (1062): Minister of Rites (gifted from his death in May).
Bao Zheng - Bao Gong's Tomb
The full name of Bao Gong Cemetery is Bao Xiaosu Cemetery. It is located in the forest area south of Bao River in Hefei City and is closely connected to Bao Gong Temple. The entire cemetery covers an area of ??1,200 square meters. Bao Zheng died of illness in the seventh year of Jia (1062) in the Northern Song Dynasty. The following year, he was buried in Daxingji, the eastern suburb of Hefei City, by Kaifeng. It was built here in 1973 and completed in 1988. The remains of Bao Zheng, his wife, and descendants were moved to the cemetery. Bao Gong once said: "If future generations of officials commit stolen goods, they will not be allowed to return to their own families, and they will not be buried in the tomb. If they do not follow my aspirations, they are not my descendants." Therefore, there is a legend that "unworthy descendants will not be allowed to enter the tomb." The cemetery consists of the main cemetery area, the accessory cemetery area and the management area. The main tomb is in the shape of an "overturned bucket". Inside the tomb is placed Bao Zheng's epitaph and a 2.4-meter-long golden nanmu coffin, in which Bao Zheng's remains are placed. On the north side is the attached tomb area, which contains five tombs of Bao Zheng's wife Dong, her son and daughter-in-law. The entire cemetery is solemn and solemn, embodying Bao Zheng's upright and resolute nature. The main buildings are decorated with couplets written by famous Chinese calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Liu Haisu, Qi Gong and Pu Jie.
Bao Zheng - Bao family and remains
According to the epitaph: Bao Zheng had three wives, Zhang and Dong (one son, Bao Si), but he contracted an illness and died two years after his marriage. ), and later married her maid, Sun, and took her as a concubine and gave birth to a son Bao Jian (in 1058, Bao Jian was named Bao Shi by Bao Jian's wife Cui). His wife was left home by Bao Zheng. , because of Bao Jian, the family was able to multiply; Bao Gong also had two daughters. In addition, Dong died of illness in Hefei in 1068 and was buried with Bao Zheng; Cui died in 1094 at the age of 62.
He died of illness in Kaifeng in the seventh year of Jiayou's reign (1062), Renzong of the Song Dynasty. He was given the posthumous title of Xiaosu. His wife, Dong, delivered the draft of his memorial to his disciple Zhang Tian and compiled it into "Xiaosu Memorial to Bao Gong". " (i.e. "Bao Zheng Collection") was passed down to the world. He was buried in Hefei the next year and had an epitaph written by Wu Kui, deputy envoy of the Song Privy Council (now in the Anhui Provincial Museum). The cemetery was rebuilt by Huaixi Road officials in 1199, but it was not restored during the Cultural Revolution in 1973. In March 2006, the Revolutionary Committee's land acquisition was forced to "move the grave" and destroy it. The original site of another related historic site, "Bao Gong's Well", was also unsuccessful and was turned into a five-story dormitory in Hefei No. 4 Middle School in 1986.
Bao Zheng - the world's evaluation
Peking Opera Mask
Bao Zheng is known for his integrity and impartiality, and does not cling to the powerful, so people call him Bao Qingtian and Bao Gong. He took office in Kaifeng During his tenure as Fu Yin, he handled cases both openly and secretly, and enforced the law rigorously but without losing touch with humanity, allowing justice to be served smoothly while also leading people to do good.
There is a drum on the right side of the front door of the Kaifeng Mansion Hall. When there are serious grievances, no matter how big or small someone beats the drum to complain, Bao Qingtian will definitely go to the court to start the trial. Those who complain can directly state their grievances to Mr. Bao It is said that Bao Zheng tried cases day and night: he tried the Yang world during the day and the underworld at night; and there were many stories about the cases passed down to later generations, the famous ones include "The Case of Mei Mei", "The Civet Cat for the Prince", "The Case of Wu Pen", etc. . Another ancient novel "Seven Heroes and Five Righteousness" also has him as the protagonist. Because of his selflessness, his iron-faced face to intimidate sycophants, and a pale moon hanging on his forehead, he is also known as "Bao Heizi". Legend has it that Bao Zheng became the god "Ma Guogong" after his death. Therefore, the current "Ma Guogong" is Bao Gong himself.
Bao Zheng - Historical Facts
Song History Volume 316 Biography of Bao Zheng
"Song History"
Original text: Bao Zheng , named Xiren, was from Hefei, Luzhou. At the beginning, he was promoted to Jinshi. In addition to Dali's review of affairs, he went out to Jianchang County. My parents are both old and I can't say goodbye. He was jailed and paid state taxes, but his parents didn't want to do it, so he was relieved of his duties and returned to foster care. A few years later, his relative died, and Zhenglu's tomb was finally buried. Pei Wan couldn't bear to go, and many of his elders came to encourage him. After a long time, he went to transfer and learned about Tianchang County. If someone steals someone's tongue and cuts it off, the Lord will sue him. Zheng said: "When you return home, kill and vend him." When Xunfu came to accuse someone of killing an ox privately, Zheng said: "Why cut off the ox's tongue and then accuse him?" The thief was shocked and convinced. He moved to Duanzhou and moved to Zhongcheng.
Duantu produced inkstones, and he went to guard Yuan Gong, and the rate was dozens of times to leave the rich and powerful. Only those who save life will pay enough tribute, and they will return home without even holding an inkstone at the end of the year.
Xun worshiped the supervisory censor Li Xing, and changed it to the supervisory censor. At that time, Zhang Yaozuo, in addition to Jiedu and Xuanhui envoys, admonished Zhang Zexing, Tang Jie and Zheng Zhengxing on the matter, and their words were very clear. He also tried to suggest: "It is not a policy to control the army by bribing the Khitans every year. It is better to train the army and select generals, and to be pragmatic and prepare for the frontier." He also asked for the system of enfeoffment under the sect, abolished the imprisonment of corrupt officials, selected guard officials, and conducted examinations to make up for their mistakes. The method of discipleship. At that time, all the roads were transferred and the inspection envoys were added. The reports impeached the officials because they had many details, and the inspection officials were strict and noble.
When I went to the Khitan, the Khitan ordered Dianke to say to Zheng: "Xiongzhou has opened a new door. Are you trying to tempt me to rebel and interfere with the border affairs?" Zheng said: "Zhuozhou has also tried to open the door. Why should we open the door to assassinate the enemy?" The man then had no answer.
He served as the judge of the household department of the third division, and became the transshipment envoy to Jingdong. He changed his position to Shangshu, Gongbu Yuanwailang, and Zhijixianyuan. He moved to Shaanxi and then to Hebei, and became the deputy envoy of the household division of the third division. In the Xiegu Valley of Qinlong, wood and shipbuilding materials were taken from the people. In seven states, there were hundreds of thousands of bamboo ropes for river bridges, but all the governors stopped. The Khitan gathered troops close to the fortress, and the border counties alerted them. They ordered Zheng to dispatch military supplies to Hebei. Zheng said: "The fertile soil of the Zhanghe River cannot be cultivated by people. The people of Xing, Ming and Zhao states have 15,000 hectares of land, and they use it to herd horses. Please give it to the people." According to this. Jiezhou Salt Law led the sick people to rescue them, and invited all the merchants to do so.
Zheng established the dynasty with firmness, nobles, relatives and eunuchs held back their hands for it, and everyone who heard about it was afraid. People think that Bao Zheng's smile is as clear as the Yellow River. Children and women also know his name and call him "Bao Daizhi".
"Song History"
The capital said: " If the joints are not reached, there will be Yama Luo Bao Lao. "In the old system, no lawsuits could be brought directly to the court. Zheng opened the main gate so that the officials would not dare to deceive him. The powerful clans of Zhongguan built gardens and pavilions and invaded the Huimin River. As a result, the river was blocked and the capital was flooded, so Zheng destroyed it all. Anyone who holds a land certificate and claims to have falsely increased the number of steps will be examined and impeached.
Moved to admonish the officials and Quan Yushi Zhongcheng. The memorial said: "The throne of the East Palace has been vacant for a long time, and the world is worried. Your Majesty has been undecided for a long time. Why?" Renzong said: "Who do you want to establish?" Zheng said: "I have no talent to prepare the throne. Whoever begs Yu to establish the crown prince, for The ancestral temple has a plan for the whole world. Your Majesty asked me who I wanted to establish. I am seventy years old and have no children. I am not a good person." The emperor said happily: "Xu should discuss it." Please reduce the number of servants. If there are redundant expenses, the road supervisors will be responsible for it. The Yushifu will be able to appoint subordinate officials by themselves and reduce the number of days off by one year, and everything will be implemented.
Zhang Fangping served as the Third Secretary-General, buying wealthy people's property, and Zheng impeached and dismissed him. In the Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty Fang Ping, Zheng also discussed it; Ouyang Xiu said: "Zheng's so-called punishment for snatching cattle from the fields is already severe, and he is greedy for their wealth, which is not the case!" Zheng stayed at home to avoid his life, so he came out after a long time. In the three divisions, all the officials and treasuries offered gifts, and they used to lead other counties to accumulate goods and impoverish the people. Zhengte is responsible for establishing a harmonious market and ensuring that the people are not disturbed. Officials who carry money, silk, and many strings, often run away, and stab their wives, all of them are spared. After moving to Shizhong, he became the third envoy. A few days later, he paid homage to the Deputy Privy Envoy. After a while, he was moved to the Ministry of Rites as Minister of Rites, but he refused to accept his resignation. He died of illness at the age of sixty-four. As a gift to the Minister of Rites, he was given the posthumous title of Xiaosu.
Bao Zheng - Folklore
Bao Zheng was a selfless, honest and strict official throughout his life, and was loved by the people. People regard him as the incarnation of god, so there are many legends about him among the people.
Folk legend has it that Bao Zheng could judge gods from heaven to devils from hell; he judged yang by day and yin by night; after his death, he was sent to the underworld to become the King of Hell. It can be seen that Bao Zheng is highly regarded by the public.
The mystery of life experience
It is said that Bao Zheng was the third child in the family, so his nickname was Bao San. Before Bao San was born, their family was very poor. One day Bao San His sister-in-law was taking a bath, and a star fell in the bathtub. The star frightened his sister-in-law, so she gave the bath water to his mother. The next year, her mother gave birth to Bao San, who was extremely ugly. With his dark face and a moon birthmark on his forehead, his mother thought he had given birth to a freak, so he asked his sister-in-law to bury him alive. After saying that, he fainted from fright, and his sister-in-law secretly took him away. Foster care for others.
It is said that the star that fell in the bathtub is Wenquxing, so people say that Bao Zheng is the Wenquxing who descended to earth. This is the original legend about Bao Zheng's deification.
The origin of black face
It is said that in the late Northern Song Dynasty, natural and man-made disasters continued, and the people were in dire straits. The Jade Emperor specially sent the Barefoot Immortal to come down to earth to be the emperor to cure the suffering of the people, and also promised to send Wen Quxing and Wu Quxing to assist him.
After the Barefoot Immortal descended to earth, he was reincarnated as Song Renzong, but he kept crying as soon as he was born, urging Wen Quxing and Wu Quxing to descend to earth as soon as possible. Therefore, the Jade Emperor hurriedly sent Erxing to the lower realm.
The Nandou is for life, and the Beidou is for death. Anyone who reincarnates must report to Nan Dou Xingjun and wear a mask to descend to earth. When the two stars Wen and Wu reported to Lord Nandou Star, they happened to meet Lord Nandou Star playing chess with Lord Nandou Star, ignoring the arrival of the two stars Wen and Wu.
Wen Quxing got impatient with waiting, so he took the bag of facial makeup from Nan Dou Xingjun's side, took a facial makeup and hurriedly descended to earth and reincarnated. Wu Quxing patiently waited until Nan Dou Xingjun finished playing chess before explaining his intention. Therefore, Nan Dou Xingjun planned to give Wu Quxing a samurai mask from the Qiankun bag, but he couldn't find it after looking here and there, so he had to give him a scribe's facial mask.
After Wenquxing was reincarnated, he was Bao Zheng, but because he took away the warrior mask in a hurry, he was born with a black face. As a result, his father disliked his mother and he was abandoned. His sister-in-law took pity on him and raised him. Growing up, Bao Zheng respectfully called his sister-in-law "Sister-in-law". When Bao Zheng grew up, he won the first prize in the examination. When he was traveling in the palace, the queen gave him three feet of red silk to cover his face because she thought he had a dark face.
After Wu Quxing was reincarnated, he was Di Qing, who was born with delicate features and beautiful eyes, like a frail scholar. However, due to his good martial arts skills, he became a general in the Song Dynasty, conquering the south and the north and repeatedly achieving extraordinary feats. But because of his fair face and delicate appearance, it was difficult to convince the crowd, so he made a mask with a sinister grimace and put it on his face to add some evil aura.
The above content is purely folklore and has no historical basis. There are countless legends about Bao Zheng, so I won’t introduce them one by one here. For other legends, please refer to People’s Education Publishing House’s legends of famous people in the past.