Ancient articles
1, Anhui economy in pre-Qin period
(1), Neolithic sites in Dachengdun, Feidong and Wuhehao Town (rice was planted four or five thousand years ago), and Diaoyutai site in Bozhou (wheat was planted in the Western Zhou Dynasty). It shows that ancient Jianghuai agriculture was developed.
(2) Water conservancy project: Shaobei (Anfengtang) is one of the oldest water conservancy projects in China. It is located in the south of Shouxian County and was built by Sun Shuai in the Spring and Autumn Period.
(3) Bronze smelting and casting industry: Tongguan Mountain in Tongling was the national copper smelting center in Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
(4) Commerce: Yingcheng (gold coin of Chu State), Ejina Banner Golden Festival (unearthed in Shouxian County, commercial tax exemption certificate of Chu State). Reflect the development of business in Jianghuai area.
2. The famous Guan Zhong: a political reformer in the Spring and Autumn Period, who was outstanding and had served as the Prime Minister of Qi. He was praised by Confucius as: "Guan Zhong is a duke, a tyrant and a conqueror of the world. As for the people, give it to him today. "
3. Laozi: A native of Chu State (now Yang Guo) at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the founder of Taoist school, and the author of Tao Te Ching. Zhuangzi: During the Warring States Period, Mongolians were representatives of Taoism.
4. Daze Township Uprising (Chen Sheng, Guangwu): In the suburbs of Suzhou today, the site is "related to the old platform" and "cutting firewood for soldiers and rising".
5. Famous doctor Hua Tuo: A native of Bozhou today, a famous folk doctor at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, made the world's earliest anesthetic "Mafeisan" and created the "Five-Animal Show" for medical gymnastics. Helping people with drugs is deeply loved.
6. Battle of Surabaya: One of the famous battles in ancient times, the idiom "Whipping a whip at a river is enough to cut off its flow", "All the plants and trees are soldiers" and "The crane is full of wind and trembling".
7. Cao Wei's reclamation of farmland: Reclaiming farmland in Huaibei and Jianghuai areas in the form of military and civilian use. Jiangnan development: Northern residents moved south to develop southern Anhui with southerners, promoting national integration and cultural development. Rice is the main crop, and wheat is popularized. During the Three Kingdoms period, Megan Leaf was one of the largest smelting and casting centers in China at that time.
8. Four Treasures of the Study: Xuanzhi (Jingxian County, Xuanzhou), Huimo (Shexian County), Xu Anbi (Xuanzhou) and She Yan (Shexian County).
9. The first painting in the Song Dynasty: Li. Today, a native of Tongcheng, a great painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, is a famous monk named Long Mian. His representative works include Five Horses Map and Wrangler Map. Known as "the first painting in the Song Dynasty" and "the best art in the world".
10, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang: Ming Taizu, a native of Haozhou (now Fengyang), set up an institution of higher learning in Fengyang, imperial academy.
1 1, Anhui Province was founded: 1667 (the sixth year of Kangxi), and the left chief secretary was changed to the chief secretary of Anhui Province, which governed seven regions and three states, and Anhui Province was formally established.
12, the economic development of Anhui in Ming and Qing Dynasties: Anhui became an important grain-producing area in the early Ming Dynasty. Tianchang Rice, Yingzhou Bean, Huizhou Peanut, Luzhou, Chizhou and Huizhou are the key tea-producing areas (agriculture). Huizhou printing industry and Wuhu pulp and dyeing industry are famous all over the country (handicraft industry). Fengyang is prosperous in business. In the Qing Dynasty, corn and sweet potato were introduced. Chaohu Lake is the production base of commercial rice and Dingyuan is the main tobacco-producing area. Lixin cotton is of good quality.
13, Huizhou merchants: sprouted in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, grew up in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it became one of the largest and most influential business gangs in China, ruling the business community for nearly 300 years. Representative figures: Zheng Tiansuo, Zhan, Ruan Yi, etc.
14, celebrity of science and technology in Ming and Qing Dynasties: Cheng Dawei, a native of Xiuning, Huizhou, was an applied mathematician who popularized abacus calculation in Ming Dynasty, and wrote "Arithmetic Unity"; Mei Wending, a native of Xuancheng, was a famous mathematician in Qing Dynasty. Author of "General Theory of Chinese and Western Mathematics", was rated as "a generation of famous teachers". Fang Yizhi, a native of Fushan, Tongcheng, was a scientific thinker in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and wrote the natural encyclopedia Physical Knowledge. Wang, a native of Tianchang, was a female scientist in the early Qing Dynasty. She wrote Illustrated Astrology, Explanation of Eclipse and Theory of Earth Circle. "Xin 'an Medical School", famous doctors include Wang Ji in Ming Dynasty, Wu Kun and Wang Ang in Qing Dynasty.
15, Literature and Art: Tongcheng School, Prose School in Qing Dynasty. Representative figures are Dai Mingshi, Fang Bao (founder), Liu Dakui (connecting the preceding with the following) and Yao Nai (master). Wu is a famous novelist in the early Qing Dynasty, a pepper man, the originator of satirical novels, and the author of The Scholars. "Xin 'an School of Painting", famous painters include Hong Ren, Cha Shibiao, Sun Yi and Wang Zhiduan in Ming Dynasty, and Wang, (the second of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou") in Qing Dynasty. Wuhu iron painting, created by Tang Peng, a famous blacksmith in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, is called a stunt.
16, Huizhou architecture: Xidi and Hongcun buildings in Yixian County are the fine works of Huizhou ancient dwellings. Stone archway is a major feature of Huizhou architecture, and the octagonal archway in Guo Xu, Shexian County is a treasure in ancient archways.
Modern articles
17: Yao Ying, a progressive thinker from Anhui province, faced up to the reality, and was the first to call attention to the Tibet issue and remind people to be alert to the British aggression against Tibet; Jingxian county people package, attach importance to studying practical problems, resist Britain according to reason, and "control foreign countries with foreign countries"; Wang Maoyin, a native of Shexian, is the only China native mentioned in Marx's Das Kapital.
18, Li Hongzhang and Huai Army: Hefei people, the main advocate of the Westernization Movement, the founder and commander-in-chief of Huai Army. Co-founded Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration and Jinling Machinery Bureau with Zeng Guofan. Huai Army is the first army in China to systematically accept advanced western weapons and equipment. Its main generals are: Zhang Shusheng, Liu Mingchuan (the father of modernization in Taiwan Province Province, the first governor of Taiwan Province Province), Pan, Ding (the prefect of Beiyang Navy), Zhou Shengbo and Nie Shicheng (the martyr of Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China). After the Sino-Japanese War, the Huai Army gradually withdrew from the historical stage.
19, Anhui's modern economy developed slowly: (1) 186 1, Zeng Guofan founded Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute (the earliest comprehensive military industry). (2) 1877, Yang De founded Chizhou Coal Mine, which was the beginning of modern industry and mining in Anhui. (3) Commerce: Wuhu is known as the "department store" and is one of the four famous rice markets in modern China. Tea and local products are concentrated in Tunxi City, southern Anhui Province.
72 martyrs, including Huang, Anhui Sanyinglie (,Shi Dekuan, Cheng Liang).
2 1, Guangfu and Bai Wan of Anhui:1912165438+1October 8, Anhui was declared independent in Anqing; 19 12, 1 In July, Bai (Shouxian) was appointed as the governor of Anhui, and took a series of revolutionary measures to lead the people of Anhui to win the fight against smoking, which was highly praised by Sun Yat-sen.
22. Anhui Provincial Party Committee was established: 193 1 February 15 Wuhu, with Wang Buwen as the first secretary to inspect party affairs.
23. Anti-Japanese bonfires spread all over Jianghuai: 1937 1 1. 10, the Japanese army attacked Guangde, and Rao Guohua led the Sichuan Army to kick off the Anhui Anti-Japanese War. 1At the beginning of May, 938, the Japanese army attacked Mengcheng, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the deputy commander, led a heroic resistance, and all the soldiers died heroically. The Main Force of Anhui Anti-Japanese Battlefield: New Fourth Army. 1April, 938, in southern Anhui. The main generals are: Peng Xuefeng (commander of the Fourth Division, opening up the Huai-Huai Anti-Japanese Base Area) and Luo Binghui (deputy commander, From Slave to General, opening up the Huainan Anti-Japanese Base Area).
24. Southern Anhui Incident: 194 1 16. The headquarters of the New Fourth Army and its subordinate units were ordered to move northward and were ambushed by nearly ten times as many Kuomintang troops in Yunling, Jingxian County. Except for more than 2000 people who were arrested to congratulate them, all of them died heroically. Chiang Kai-shek created the Southern Anhui Incident that shocked China and foreign countries.
25. Anhui anti-Japanese heroes: Feng Yuxiang (Chaohu Lake), Fang Zhenwu (Shouxian County) and Dai Anlan (Wuwei), who led the Chinese expeditionary force to fight in Myanmar, were praised by Zhou Enlai as "the British of Huangpu and the national hero". )
26. Zhang Zhizhong, a general of peace: a native of Chaohu, "three to Yan 'an". As a representative of the Kuomintang, he participated in the Chongqing negotiations and was a member of the military trio. After attending the peace talks in Beiping, he stayed in Beiping to participate in the preparations for the new China.
27. Liu Deng's army marched into Dabie Mountain:1Arrived in Dabie Mountain at the end of August, 1947, which started the strategic counterattack of the Liberation War. 1On February 24th, 948, Deng and Liu joined forces in Linquan County, and the task of advancing into the Central Plains was successfully completed.
28. Jianghuai sons and daughters supported Huaihai Campaign: The General Front Committee was established in Xiaolizhuang, Chenguanzhuang and Shuangduiji campaigns of Linhuanji in Suixi County. The sons and daughters of Jianghuai enthusiastically supported the front and made great contributions to the victory of Huaihai Campaign. Battle of Crossing the River: The General Front Committee is located in Yaogang Village, Cuo Town, Feidong County.
29. Anhui liberation:1949 65438+1October 2 1 Hefei peaceful liberation; On April 30th, Tunxi was peacefully liberated (the whole territory of Anhui was liberated).
30. Modern Anhui cultural celebrities: Sun Jiading, a native of Shouzhou, a teacher of Emperor Guangxu, participated in the establishment of Shi Jing University Hall; Wu Rulun, a native of Tongcheng, was once the chief teacher of Shi Jing University and a representative of Tongcheng School in the later period. Hu Shi, a native of Jixi, was a famous scholar in modern China and one of the representatives of the New Culture Movement.
3 1, Huizhou Opera: Cheng Changgeng, the originator of Peking Opera; Anhui Opera, Huangmei Opera, Lu Opera and Fengyang Flower Drum (known as Oriental Ballet).
32. Modern Anhui Education: 1898 (Anhui Governor Deng Xihua in Anqing) founded Qiushi School, which is a symbol of the rise of modern education in Anhui; In the late Qing Dynasty, there were institutions of higher learning, schools of law and politics and normal schools. A relatively complete institution of higher learning is Anhui University (1928, the first president, where writers Yu Dafu and Zhou Zeng taught). Tao Xingzhi, a native of Shexian County, is known as a great people's educator.
Modern articles
33. 1952 65438+ 10, the Anhui provincial party Committee and the provincial government were established respectively in August, with Ceng Xisheng as the secretary and chairman, and Hefei as the provincial capital.
34. Heroes of Anhui Volunteers: Li Jiafa (from Nanling County, only 19 years old when he died) and Xu Jiapeng were awarded special heroes and first-class combat heroes.
35. The Road to Socialism: The first joint venture in the province: 1954 65438+ 10, Hu Yumei Soy Sauce Garden Factory, Anqing.
36. Achievements in ten years' construction (56-66): Maanshan Iron and Steel Company, Hefei Heavy Machinery Factory, Huaibei Coal Mine and Huainan Fertilizer Factory laid the foundation for Anhui's industrial development.
37. Rural reform: The production team of Xiaogang Village of Liyuan Commune in Fengyang County initiated "unified contracting and unified division" (household contract responsibility system) in 1982, 65438+ 10/,and the central government issued the minutes of the national rural work conference, which clearly guaranteed the production to households and promoted the rural reform process in Anhui.
38. Anhui scientist: Deng Jiaxian, from Huaining, Anqing, two bombs; Ren Xinmin, a native of Ningguo, 1999 won the "two bombs and one satellite" meritorious medal; A generation of tea master Chen Xun; He Jiaqing, a native of Anqing, is a professor at the School of Life Sciences of Anda University and one of the top ten poverty alleviation scholars in China.
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