The first "article" refers to a written article. "Speech" means writing, expressing and recording. "Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular". The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in plain spoken language".
writings in the vernacular
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in spoken and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. In ancient China, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
Classical Chinese is a treasure of China culture, and the ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role in the Chinese curriculum in middle schools.
Of course, the ancients in other countries also left a lot of classical Chinese.
What is classical Chinese? What does classical Chinese mean?
1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. Yes, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is just a word. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It explains two meanings: first, it points out that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.
So does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
Let's take a look again. Classical poetry belongs to the category of "classical Chinese", and they have not left us in life. Only in the form of language, even people have left the oral language, and after it has become a text, there are obviously certain normative requirements for the elaboration of skills and the expansion of ideographic expression. Its "future" lies in its application and its ability to awaken vague etymologies and allusions. It can be said that the future is promising.
The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language, including dialects, is "literate" and written, its language charm will be reduced and its writing function will be doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.
In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.
Reading classical Chinese is a very clear way of thinking, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, it is very solemn.
2. In classical Chinese, which words mean "I"? I have too many expressions in Chinese. In addition to "I", from ancient times to now, there are: Taiwan (Yi), Wu, Yu, Yu, An, Za, villain, imp, Xiaoke, Bucai, Xiaxia, myself, servant, fool, cudgel, friend, Allah, Lao Zi, grandpa, grandpa, grandpa, grandpa.
Different identities mean different things: I am a widow, lonely, I am not a valley, I am a mourning family, I am a minister, I am an old minister, I am a junior official, I am a teenager, I am a general, I am a governor, I am handsome, I am a handmaiden, I am a father, I am a mother, I am a husband, I am a wife, I am a husband.
Different identities, claiming to be different. Generally, people call themselves cheap, but only the emperor and queen can call themselves cheap, widowed, lonely and sad. I can call myself anyone, such as Qu Yuan. There is a saying in Li Sao that "I was tested as Bo Yong by the emperor" (my dead father's name was Bo Yong). Qin Shihuang thought the word was noble and monopolized it. From then on, only the emperor can use it.
Claiming to be expensive contains a lot of domineering. Grandpa, your grandpa, your grandpa ...
Laozi, Ann, Cudgel, Child and Allah are all dialects.
It's interesting that so many foreigners who claim to learn Chinese come to accept it all.
3. What words in ancient Chinese are used to express me (1) as the first person pronoun, including "I, Wu, Yu, Yu".
They can all be used as attributes, subjects and objects.
B "I" is generally only used as a prepositional object in negative sentences.
C "I" is usually used as the object in affirmative sentences.
D "I" had the same meaning as "I" in the pre-Qin period. After the Qin dynasty, it was the emperor who called himself.
(2) The second person said there were "women (you), children and women".
They can be subject, definite article and object.
B "er, nai" is usually used as an attribute.
(3) the third person,
A "there" has a low occurrence rate and is generally used as the subject and the individual as the object, which is still indicative and contemptuous.
B "zhi" and "qi" appear frequently, and "zhi" is only used as an object and "qi" is only used as an attribute.
(4) Add the plural of "friend, generation, genus and Cao" after the first and second personal pronouns. For example, "If you don't, if you are all, you will be captured."
4. What does classical Chinese mean? The first "text" refers to a written article. "Speech" means writing, expressing and recording. "Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular". The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in plain spoken language".
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in spoken and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. In ancient China, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
Classical Chinese is a treasure of China culture, and the ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role in the Chinese curriculum in middle schools.
5. What does chance mean in classical Chinese? Is there any other meaning besides "I"? I mean, I'm not talking about classical Chinese, but the spoken language in Taiwan Province Province. I guess I watched too many Taiwanese dramas.
(1) pictophonetic characters. From people, Yu Sheng. Yu, usually pronounced Yu, is pronounced U.
(2) with the original meaning [image; Idol puppet show
Occasionally, I am also a lover. -speaking. According to reports, people are like people. A figurine.
Lu is a puppet, Confucius sighed. -"Huainan Miao Zi said"
See me and talk to me. -Historical Records and Biography of Meng Changjun
(3) Another example is head-to-head; Puppet show (puppet show)
(4) partners; Companion; Get along with people
It was he who led Cao carelessly and crossed the river of death. -Historical Records and Biography of Qing Bu
(5) Another example: walk together (walk together); Occasional attacks (gang attacks); Continuous tillage (two people plough together); Even shadow (even shadow, describing loneliness); Occasionally sleep (sleep together) (6)[ dual]. Such as: even sentences (even sentences); Even pair (referring to the duality of poetry); Even words (dual words); Coupling (parallel body; dual)； Even genus (connecting sentences to make them dual); Even chapters (referring to poems mainly in the form of even sentences); I advocate (comparable lyrics)
(7) [Traditional Chinese Medicine]: even prescription (name of traditional Chinese medicine prescription, one of the seven prescriptions. Refers to the prescription of drugs combined with even numbers or two drugs. Also refers to a compound formed by combining two parties) [the number of ingredients in the formula is equal]
(8) adjectives. Even the words in Guangdong Enping dialect have silly meaning, * * *, something is wrong. It means that someone is stupid, funny and nonsense; People use me when they do something wrong and call names. For example, "Do you love karma?"
"Move"
(1) coordinates [coordinates; You know my king, I'm here, and I want to seize this opportunity. -"Book Jun? #93; 》
(2) The horse is right; Spouse [spouse; Spouse]
You are my lucky, so why not be lucky to be born in China today?
(even number, verb. To be a spouse, here is the word "marry". )-Lin Qingjuemin's Book with His Wife
(3) Another example: a good couple; Widowed; Occasionally (as a marriage); Match (form a spouse); Husband and wife marriage (that is, husband and wife marriage)
(4) cater to; Join hands; Adapt to the arrival of pandas. Such as: even times (in harmony with the times); Even customs (catering to the secular); Occasionally (adapt to the status quo); Uniformly changing gap (opportunism)
(5) Under the guise of "encounter". Meet and be appreciated [meet together; Get along together]
However, scholars also meet, so many sages have two sons, and they are not perfect. How can they win Tao? -"Historical Records, Biography and Praise of Fan Ju and Cai Ze"
"Shape" means "coupling". Even number. Relative to "odd number" [even number ($ NUMBER); Pairs]. For example, parity check; Even years (age of each pair of shoes)
(1) relatively [face to face]
I even looked down first. -"Xunzi cultivate one's morality"
Those who dare to say "poetry" and "book" carelessly will abandon the market. -Sima Qian's Historical Records of Qin Shihuang's Biography
(2) Another example: occasional viewing (relative viewing); Sit occasionally (sitting opposite; Sit together; Sit with me); Even words (get together to discuss)
(3) by accident; Occasionally [by chance]
I ordered the chef. -Qing Zhou Rong's Biography of the Old Man.
Play music occasionally. -Zhang Qing Yu Ting's Ming History
The son of heaven occasionally uses one thing, which may not be forgotten; And the executor is the rule. -Strange story from a lonely studio promoting knitting
(4) Another example is occasional interest; Even one (even or; Occasionally); Accidental success (accidental success); Occasionally (accidentally); Occasionally (accidentally)