history
1954, a well-preserved writing brush was unearthed from the Chu tomb at Zuogongshan 15 in Changsha. Using wood as a pole and putting wool on it with a bamboo tube is the original writing brush.
As early as Shang Dynasty, the writing brush appeared. Meng Tian in Qin Dynasty took Zhemu as the tube, deer hair as the column and wool as the quilt. Meng Tian's improvement of writing brush is of great significance to the formation of Xiao Zhuan. Unlike the big seal, the small seal has twists and turns, which are beyond the reach of hard objects. It should be written with a brush.
According to legend, at the end of the Warring States period, when Meng Tian, the general of Qin State, was guarding the north, he saw that the Xiongnu painted with animal hair, and at the same time, the situation ahead was critical, so he changed the seal cutting bamboo slips into silk rolls to write military information. Famous and recorded in history by historians. Therefore, Meng Tian is the ancestor of the pen-making industry in later generations. In the pre-Qin period, the brush had many names, such as "Yu", "Irregular" and "Fu", which were later collectively referred to as "Pen".
The production of brush in Qin dynasty was more advanced and its function was more perfect. Because in Tombno. 1 1 Sleeping Tiger Land in Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, there are three funerary objects made of bamboo. The lower end of the pen is thick, hollowed out into a hair cavity, and the bottom of the pen is hidden in the cavity, wrapped with hemp and painted on it, with a pen cover, which is very similar in size and length to the brush used today.
It is recorded in Miscellanies of Xijing that the brush used by Emperor Gaozu was inlaid with precious stones, which were made of the hair of autumn rabbits. The famous brush in the Tang Dynasty was Zhuge Pen. In the Song Dynasty, there were Cheng 'an Dao coins, Cheng 'yi coins and Tu 'xi coins.
In the first year of Yuan You (1086), Xie Qian, a calligrapher from China, returned from a mission to North Korea and gave Huang Tingjian an orangutan writing brush. In the third year of Song Shaosheng (1096), Su Shi spent twenty pence in Huizhou to buy two pens, neither of which worked well. He sighed: "Lingnan has no pen!"
Extended data:
classify
The classification methods of brush mainly include size classification, bristle source classification, hardness and shape classification, and brush tube material classification. According to the size classification, the brush can be divided into Guibi, Xiaokai, Zhongkai, Dakai, Lianbi, Lifting Pen, Large Pen and Barrel Pen [4].
The hair used in traditional brush is mostly animal hair, such as fetal hair, Yellow weasel hair (wolf hair), rabbit shoulder hair (purple hair), deer hair, deer hair, chicken feather, duck hair, wool, pig hair, mouse hair, tiger hair, raccoon hair, orangutan hair and cow hair. There are also several brushes made of plant fibers; In modern times, there are more artificial plastic wool to choose from.
Different hair has different elasticity, water absorption and hairline aggregation. Generally speaking, brushes are simply divided into "hard hair" (such as wolf hair), "soft hair" (such as wool) and "double brushes" which mix the two hairs to achieve the effect of both hard and soft. The shape of the pen tip is also different, from "round" to "pointed".
The materials of the pen container are quite diverse, including red sandalwood, spotted bamboo, tortoise shell, carved gold, pear, wood, gold, silver, ivory and glass.