1. Some professional knowledge about traditional Chinese painting
The basic painting methods of flower and bird painting in traditional Chinese painting. Observation of flowers. When learning to paint flowers, in addition to viewing and copying ancient and modern famous paintings, you must also learn about the actual situation. Through in-depth appreciation and sketching of flowers, to understand their withering and blooming and their moods in frost, rain, and dew, I will briefly describe their structure and ecology from each part of the flower, leaves, branches, etc. (1) Flowers: Flowers are often the subject of pictures, generally Flowers include petals, stamens, receptacles, calyx and other parts. The petals are divided into single petals and double petals (double petals). The flower shapes are divided into separate petals and double petals. Peonies, roses, etc. have double petals, pear flowers, kapok, etc. It has single petals, morning glory, lily, etc. have single petals. Most flowers have different varieties of single and double petals, such as peach blossoms, hibiscus, narcissus, hibiscus, plum blossoms, etc. The stamens vary in length. The difference is that monoecious flowers have large and small stamens together, while dioecious flowers have only small stamens or only large stamens. Some stamens are more obvious, and some are more secretive. All require careful observation. The calyx It also varies depending on the type of flower. For example, five small petals such as plum, apricot and peach are gathered together, five small petals such as plum, pear and begonia grow on a long handle, roses have long calyx tips, camellia calyx is like fish scales, etc.
(2) Leaves: When single-leaf plants grow leaves from branches or stems, the phyllotaxy is opposite, alternate, whorled, clustered, etc. Some compound-leaf plants are pinnate, palm-shaped, bird-foot-shaped, and some are double-duplicated. The form of leaves is more complex. You must first understand the rules of their growth to avoid making mistakes in the complexity. Leaves have petioles and veins, and their shapes have different size ratios such as pointed, rounded, length, etc. (3) Stems and branches: They can be divided into woody herbs, vines, vines, etc. The woody branches are stiff and some are quite thick. The herbaceous stems are mostly tender, some become right-handed or left-handed spreading, and some are even. Climbing stems with whiskers.
Sketching of flowers Various flowers are relatively fresh and vibrant in the morning or morning, which is a good time for sketching. Sketching is to collect materials for creation. If it is for the needs of meticulous painting, it must be described in detail , sometimes we need multiple flowers to gather together in the painting. When collecting materials for sketching, there must be front, back, side, and oblique; there are complete flowers, and there are also flowers partially covered by branches and leaves, both There are small buds, but also big buds that are about to bloom. The same is true for leaves. In addition to adult leaves, there should also be young leaves and buds. Pay attention to the fact that the yin and yang are facing away, and the large and small are interspersed.
The branches should also be divided into trunks and branches, as well as their posture and density on the picture. These are the first things we should pay attention to when collecting materials for purpose sketching.
Although flower-and-bird paintings do not often use moving viewpoints in landscape paintings, and the viewpoints are usually relatively stable, we can use the moving viewpoint method when observing, select the most beautiful angle for sketching, and pay attention to the flowers, branches, and leaves. Size ratio. When drawing flowers, you can start from the stamens and petals. Usually, draw the most complete and front petal first, and then expand it outwards. If the petals are too complicated, you can summarize them, and pay attention to the beauty of their shape.
The same is true for painting leaves. In addition to paying attention to leaf order and structure, you should also pay attention to the upward, downward, dorsal and density changes of the front and rear leaves. Finally, when drawing branches, the skin of the large trunk should also be drawn. For example, the large trunk of a plum blossom should be old and the skin texture should be diagonally chapped, the small trunk should be straight and strong, the peach trunk skin should be horizontally cracked, the pine trunk skin should be scaled, the crape myrtle trunk skin should be smooth, and other characteristics of different types of branches. When sketching flowers, you should start by breaking off a flower branch. Take a branch with flowers and leaves that are easy to draw, place it in a vase and observe it in detail. You can also open the covered stamens to study the detailed structure.
Once you are familiar with simple branch breaking, you can choose a corner of the whole flower to try or sketch the whole flower. Due to the complexity of the branches and leaves, you must choose an appropriate angle and make significant deletions or adjustments. . In short, sketching flowers is not just illustrations or illustrations of plants. It requires subjective selection and beautification, and emphasizes the expression of interest.
Observation of Birds Birds are also called "feathers" in Chinese paintings. They can be divided into two categories: waterfowl and mountain birds. According to their living habits, they can also be divided into wading birds, wandering birds, raptors, Climbing birds, songbirds, pheasants, etc., the characteristics and habits of each type are as follows: (1) Wading birds: They live in shallow water and prey on fish and shrimps. Their mouths, necks and legs are very long. For example, cranes, storks, herons, etc.
(2) Swimming birds: They like to swim in the water. They have flat mouths, short feet, and webbed toes. They prey on fish, shrimps and small insects. For example, seagulls, wild ducks, mandarin ducks, geese, albatrosses, etc.
(3) Birds of prey: powerful wings, hook-shaped mouth, sharp feet, fierce temperament, specializing in preying on small animals. For example, eagle, vulture, osprey, falcon, etc.
(4) Climbing birds: Most of them have hook-shaped upper beaks and shorter lower beaks. They have two toes in front and two in back. They can grab onto tree trunks with barbarians. For example, parrots, woodpeckers, etc.
(5) Songbirds: They like to sing, and most small birds generally fall into this category. For example, weevil, warbler, thrush, shrike, oriole, starling, etc.
(6) Pheasant: It is a terrestrial bird with a large body, beautiful coat, long tail, and a beak similar to that of a chicken. It mostly grows in the bushes of mountains and forests. For example, pheasant, golden pheasant, long-tailed pheasant, peacock, etc.
Birds lay eggs, so their bodies (excluding head, neck, feet, tail, etc.) are egg-shaped. Due to different living environments and habits, their beaks, foot wings and tails also have different proportions and characteristics. Generally speaking, most waterfowl (wading birds, swimming birds) have long beaks and short tails, while mountain birds (songbirds, climbing birds, Pheasants) mostly have short beaks and long tails. Those with hooked beaks eat meat, those with thin pointed beaks eat insects, those with long beaks eat bears and shrimps, and those that eat shells have thick, conical beaks.
Most birds that can fly long distances have long and well-developed wings. Most waterfowl have long necks, so that they can attack quickly and peck at fish. In addition, the shape of the head, the color of the eyes, and the height of the position are all different, and their characteristics must be grasped.
Birds have feathers all over their bodies. The fine cotton feathers have a thermal insulation effect. In addition, there are also semi-cotton feathers, as well as many unclear shapes and many layers that overlap into one large piece. The other type has clearer pinnae shapes, such as wing and tail feathers, which all have detailed names. You should carefully observe the shapes of feathers in different parts and their overlay relationship in order to become familiar with the organization and order of bird feathers.
In addition, it is necessary to understand the male and female of birds. In most birds and beasts, the male is more beautiful. A few male and female birds have the same feathers, but the female bird is always slightly smaller than the male bird. The wings of the bird are as small as The tail, super left or super right, is the opposite of male and female; the female bird's right wing and right tail feathers are on top, and the male bird's left wing and left tail feathers are on top. The joy, anger, sadness, and fright of birds are also expressed differently in their wings, tails, and postures.
Sketching of Birds Birds are not only complex in structure.
2. Little knowledge about traditional Chinese painting
Chinese painting Traditional Chinese painting (Xuan painting): that is, painting with pigments on rice paper and Xuan silk, which is the main form of oriental art (Xue Xuanlin qualitative) .
From the perspective of art history, all paintings before the Republic of China are collectively called ancient paintings. Traditional Chinese painting had no definite name in ancient times, but was generally called Danqing. It mainly refers to scroll paintings painted on silk, rice paper, and silk and framed.
Since modern times, it has been called Chinese painting, or "Chinese painting" for short, to distinguish it from Western oil paintings (also known as Western paintings) and other foreign paintings. It is created in accordance with the unique aesthetic trends of the Chinese nation and the resulting artistic techniques.
In terms of content and artistic creation, traditional Chinese painting reflects the national consciousness and aesthetic taste of the Chinese nation, and embodies the ancients’ views on nature, society and the politics, philosophy, religion, morality, literature and art associated with them. understanding. Traditional Chinese painting emphasizes that "the source of the heart is derived from the external teacher", melts the things and the self, and creates the artistic conception. It requires "the intention is stored in the brush first, and the intention is in the painting", so as to achieve the goal of describing the spirit with form, both form and spirit, and vivid charm.
Since calligraphy and painting have the same origin, both emphasize the use of bone brushwork to express emotions. Therefore, painting, calligraphy, and seal cutting interact with each other and promote each other. Modern Chinese painting has made breakthroughs and developments in inheriting tradition and absorbing foreign techniques.
3. Who knows about Chinese painting?
Chinese painting teaching tools and materials. Brush brushes can be divided into long-edge, center-edge and short-edge pens based on the length of their strokes, with different performances. .
The long edge is easy to draw graceful lines, the short edge is easy to make thick and dignified paper, and the center edge and the short edge are both. It is better to use the center edge when painting landscapes. According to the size of the brush tip, the brushes are divided into small, medium and large models.
It is necessary to prepare various types of landscape painting brushes. Generally, prepare one each of the "small landscape" small wolf brush and the "big landscape" big wolf brush, and one each "small white cloud" and "big white cloud" brush. A larger brush will be enough. The tip of the new pen is very sharp and is only suitable for drawing thin lines. The old pen is more effective for chapping, erasing and dotting.
Some painters like to use bare pens to paint, and the dots and lines they draw have a strong and simple beauty.
There are four standards for making and selecting pens, namely the four virtues of "point, evenness, roundness, and health." "Point means that the edges of the pen are smooth and sharp when closed; point means that the dots and strokes do not lose its edge; "Qi means that the edges of the pen are even and even. "Qi means it is easy to change, "round means that the pen itself is rounded, and round means that the pen is not divided when writing. "Jian means that the pen has moderate elasticity, and "jian" means that it is strong and durable.
Chinese brushes are different Compared with Western oil paint brushes, Chinese brushes are conical, while oil paint brushes are flat brushes, similar to Chinese brushes. The nature of the brush depends on the production technology and the type of brush used. The brushes used for painting can be roughly divided into hard brushes. There are three types of pens, namely, soft pens and those in between.
Hard pens are mainly made of wolf pens (the tail tip hairs of weasels), and can be used for minks, rats, horses, and deers. , made of rabbit hair. The hard brush is strong and suitable for drawing lines. Common "Orchid Bamboo", "Small Seiko", "Little Red Hair", "Yejin Brush", "Cloth Pattern Brush", "Calligraphy and Painting Brush" ” and so on. Japanese pens include “Yama Brush”, “Physiographical Brush”, “Outlining Brush”, etc. Soft brushes are mainly made of wool, but also made of bird feathers. They are soft in nature and have strong water content. They are suitable for rendering large surfaces. Common soft brushes include "big crane neck", "baigui brush" and "dyed brush". "Pen", "Goose", "Pure brush", etc. Japanese pens include "Colored pen", "Kumatori pen", etc.
The double-hair brush is made of a combination of sheep hair and wolf hair (or rabbit hair), with properties between hard and soft, such as "Seven Purple Three Sheep", "White Cloud Brush", "Pure Purple Sharp Hair", Japanese brushes include "Zemiao", "Yulan", "Changliu", etc. Good brushes all have some common characteristics: round, neat, pointed and strong, so they can run smoothly when used. The brush should be cleaned promptly after use to prevent ink from drying out and damaging the brush.
Commonly used raw materials for making ink include oil smoke and pine smoke. The ink produced is called oil smoke ink and pine smoke ink. Oil fume ink is made from tung oil fume. The ink is black and shiny, and can show detailed changes in ink shades. It is suitable for landscape paintings. Pine fume ink is black and dull, and is mostly used for feathers and characters' hair. It is not suitable for landscape paintings.
When choosing an ink, first look at its color. The ink that emits purple light is the best, followed by black and cyan. Poor ink that is gray cannot be used; then listen to its sound. The sound of good ink when struck. Clear sound, fine sound when grinding, poor quality ink has heavy sound, rough sound when grinding. Use clean water to grind the ink, apply even pressure, and grind slowly in a clockwise direction until the ink is thick.
The ink used for painting must be freshly ground. Ink that has been stored for a long time is called stale ink. There is concentrated dregs in the stale ink. If it is not used well, it will become dirty. Nowadays, the calligraphy and painting ink produced in Beijing, Tianjin and other places (such as Yidege) is easy to use and has been used by many calligraphers and painters. However, the ink contains heavy glue. It is best to add a little water and then use an ink tablet to grind it evenly before use.
The ink color is better. Paper Chinese paintings mostly used silk during the Tang and Song dynasties, and only after the Yuan Dynasty did paper become widely used for painting.
The paper used for Chinese painting is different from other types of painting. It is rice paper made from green sandalwood as the main raw material. Rice paper is produced in Jingxian County, Anhui Province. It belonged to Xuanzhou in ancient times, so it is called rice paper. Rice paper is divided into raw Xuan, cooked Xuan and half-cooked Xuan.
Ripe rice paper is processed with alum water. Ink is not easy to penetrate and will not melt when exposed to water. However, the effect is different from other papers; it can be used for precise and detailed drawings and can be repeatedly rendered and colored. , suitable for painting meticulous landscapes with green and heavy colors. Raw rice paper has not been processed with alum water. It is characterized by strong water absorption and water permeability. It melts when exposed to water. It is easy to produce rich ink rhyme changes and can achieve the artistic effect of water halo ink seal and thick moistening. It is mostly used for Freehand landscape painting.
Familiar Xuan painting is easy to master, but it is also prone to slipperiness and rigidity. Although raw Xuan painting is rich in ink, it penetrates quickly and is difficult to master. Therefore, it is generally preferred to use half-cooked rice paper when painting landscapes.
The half-cooked rice paper slowly melts when exposed to water. It not only changes the rhythm of the ink, but does not penetrate too much, it is easy to master the process of chaffing, rubbing, dotting and dyeing, and can express rich brushwork and ink interest. Papers that can replace rice paper for painting include Korean paper from Northeast China, Jiajiang rice paper from Sichuan, Liuji paper from Jiangxi, etc. Its performance is close to that of half-baked rice paper.
Inkstone The most famous inkstones in my country are She inkstone and Duan inkstone. She inkstones are produced in She County, Anhui Province, and Duan inkstones are produced in Gaoyao County, Guangdong Province.
Good inkstone. Generally, for calligraphy and painting, you can choose inkstones from various localities. When choosing an inkstone, you should mainly choose a stone that is fine in texture, moist, easy to produce ink, and does not absorb water.
The inkstone should be cleaned and dried promptly after use, kept clean, and should not be exposed to the sun or fire.
The quality of the inkstone has a great impact on the color of the ink. The most ideal is the Duanxi inkstone produced in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, or the inkstone in Anhui. They are both hard, fine and moist, can produce ink quickly, can grind the ink finely, and can be stored. The ink takes a long time to dry, but high-quality inkstones are expensive. The Luoxi stone inkstones produced in Ershui, this province, are also of good quality, but it is not advisable to buy plastic products made from resin and stone powder. Although the inkstones should be fine and smooth, the quality of the inkstones is better. If it is too smooth (such as Taiwan marble inkstone), it will not be easy to ink.
There are many shapes of inkstones. The inkstone type is the most convenient and can store a lot of ink. The lid can be closed after use to prevent the ink from drying up. After a period of time, if there is too much residual ink, you should first soak it in water and then wash away the ink dirt to keep the inkstone clean.
Pigments Chinese painting developed to the Tang Dynasty, with heavy colors as the mainstream. Since the popularity of ink painting in the Song Dynasty, under the trend of literati pursuing elegance, the use of colors has tended to gradually decline; however, painters We should have some understanding of traditional painting pigments, develop them in a multi-faceted way, or better combine them with ink. There are two main categories of traditional pigments.
Mineral pigments are refined from ores, with thick colors and strong coverage. Commonly used ones are: (1) Stone green: usually in powder form, it must be mixed with glue when used. Stone green depends on the fineness It can be divided into first green, second green, third green, fourth green, etc. The first green is the thickest and greenest.
4. Knowledge of Chinese painting
Prepare rice paper (cooked Xuan, raw Xuan), silk, alum, brush, ink, Chinese painting pigments, brush wash, palette, etc. .
The main purpose of applying vitriol is to prevent the ink and paint on the painting from leaking to the back of the paper. It's better to do it more often.
Gongbi painting Gongbi painting is a Chinese painting expression that uses precise and delicate brushwork to depict scenes. Bian Luan, an outstanding representative of flower-and-bird painting in the Tang Dynasty, was able to paint the active state of birds and the fragrant colors of flowers.
The "Peony Picture" is full of brilliant light and color, and is full of subtlety. If you look carefully, you can be sure that the painting is of peonies at noon. It turns out that the cat's eyes in the painting have "vertical lines" visible.
Another example is the painting of flowers and feathers by Huang Quan, a painter of the Five Dynasties, who was attacked by goshawks as real things due to their realistic and detailed workmanship. He and his son Ju Nong were in the Bagua Hall, painting landscapes of the four seasons, birds and flowers, etc., and they were extremely well prepared. During the winter of that year, they were going hunting, and because they were pressing the hawks and dogs, an eagle caught them. "Dian Bo's paintings of feathers"
Gongbi painting became popular in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, the reason for achieving outstanding artistic achievements is that on the one hand, painting techniques have become increasingly mature, and on the other hand, it also depends on the improvement of painting materials.
Gongbi paintings must be painted on silk or rice paper processed with vitriol. In the early Tang Dynasty, the improvement of silk materials played a certain role in promoting the development of meticulous painting. According to Mi Fu's "History of Painting": "In the early Tang Dynasty, ancient paintings were all made of silk. They are all half-cooked in hot soup, mixed with powder and beaten like a silver plate, pretending to be characters, and wonderfully drawn into the brushwork."
Gongbi paintings generally require a good drawing first, and a complete pen drawing needs to be revised repeatedly. The final draft is then covered with rice paper or silk coated with alum, and is first outlined with a small brush, then applied with color according to type, and rendered layer by layer to achieve an artistic effect that is both physical and spiritual. Such as Chen Zhifo's beautiful autumn pictures.
China's meticulous painting has a long history. From the Warring States Period to the Song Dynasty, the creation of meticulous painting has evolved from childishness to maturity. Gongbi painting uses the method of "exerting its subtleties" to obtain the perfect unity of expression and form by "getting the spirit to get the form, using the lines to establish the form, and using the form to express the meaning".
In gongbi painting, whether it is figure painting or flower and bird painting, we strive for shape resemblance, and "shape" occupies an important position in gongbi painting. Different from freehand ink painting, meticulous painting pays more attention to "details" and realism. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhou Fang's "Lady with Hairpin Flowers" and "Lady Waving Fan", Zhang Xuan's "Pounding Practice" and "Guo Guo Lady's Spring Outing" 》 all depict real life. These works are not only highly descriptive, but also full of poetry.
After the late Ming Dynasty, with the introduction of Western painting techniques into China, Chinese and Western paintings began to learn from each other, making the creation of gongbi paintings more accurate in shape while maintaining the natural flow of lines and the poetic and picturesque content. What kind of paints are used in Chinese paintings? The pigments used in Chinese painting include plant pigments (water color), natural mineral pigments (stone color), and chemically synthesized pigments.
Plant pigments include cyanine, rouge, garcinia, etc. Mineral pigments include ocher, cinnabar, cinnabar, azurite, stone green, stone yellow, etc.
Chinese painting pigments packaged in zinc tubes are mostly chemically synthesized pigments. These are collectively called Chinese painting pigments.
Aqua (plant pigment) is a transparent color that can be mixed with each other. It has no covering power, is unstable in color quality, and fades easily. Stone color (mineral pigment) is an opaque color and cannot be used in harmony with each other. It has strong covering power, stable color quality and is not easy to fade.
Stone color and water color cannot be used in harmony with each other. Question: What is the method of writing Chinese paintings? Answer: Beginners must first know how to hold a pen so that their posture can be correct and they can use the pen and ink freely. They should pay attention to the following points: (1) A straight pen: A straight pen means a straight edge.
The bone method is based on the center. (2) Finger firmly: The fingers should be firm and strong when holding the pen, but also flexible and not rigid.
(3) Palm deficiency: When holding the pen with your fingers, do not hold it tightly. The fingers should leave the palm and the palm should be empty so that you can move the pen freely. (4) Hanging the wrist or hanging the elbow: This means that when writing in a large area, the wrist or elbow must be hung, so that the writing can follow the heart and take full advantage of the overall situation.
What kind of ink is used in Chinese painting? Ink has a unique status in Chinese painting. There are two types of ink: solid ink and liquid ink. The traditional ink used in Chinese painting is solid ink. Due to the different raw materials used, it is divided into three types: oil smoke ink, lacquer smoke ink and pine smoke ink.
Oil fume ink is made by burning tung oil and other oils into smoke. Its black color is warmer and is used for painting. It blends well with other transparent colors.
Pine smoke ink - made from the smoke of burned pine branches. Its black color is cooler and is mostly used for calligraphy. Lacquer smoke ink - made from burning traditional lacquer, its black color is smooth and shiny, and it is also suitable for painting.
When choosing, it is better to have a delicate texture, moisturizing and blue-purple color. The grades of ink are divided into "ding, shang, tribute and selection".
Liquid ink maintains the characteristics of oil fume ink and is now very popular due to its ease of use, but it is better used for freehand painting. Among them, "Tianjin Ink for Calligraphy and Painting" and Beijing's "Yidege Ink" are the best.
What kind of paper is used for gongbi painting? Gongbi painting uses cooked rice paper or silk, which is made by brushing raw rice paper or raw silk with a certain proportion of glue alum water. Its performance is impermeable to water.
There are many varieties of cooked rice paper, such as clear water calligraphy and painting paper, ice and snow paper, calligraphy and painting paper, cicada wing paper, mica paper, etc. The cooked rice paper above can be either thin or thick, and the alum water can be thick or light.
Generally speaking, thin ones are suitable for painting light colors, and thick ones are suitable for painting heavy colors. Cicada wings are the thinnest, while ice and snow are the thickest.
There are also gold-sprinkled paper and various dyed papers that can be used to draw gongbi silk. It is a pure silk woven product, which is divided into round silk and flat silk. Round silk silk, also known as "original silk silk", is commonly used in ancient paintings.
What is commonly used now is flat silk, which is beaten after it is woven to make the silk flat, so as to reduce the gaps between the silk and make it less likely to leak after being brushed with glue alum water. alum. This kind of silk comes in white and distressed colors.
What kind of pens are used in gongbi paintings? (1) Outlining pen: The center pen is often used to draw thin and even lines in gongbi painting. Generally, thin and pointed pens such as wolf hair are used.
Commonly used pens include clothing pattern pen, leaf tendon pen, big red hair, small red hair, crab claw, langgui, zigui and so on. (2) Dyeing pens Commonly used dyeing pens include: large white cloud, medium white cloud, small white cloud and other soft brushes.
Pure wool pens are too soft and generally not easy to use. White cloud pens are better because their outer layer is wool and the middle part is hard and stiff hair, so they can contain moisture and are elastic. (3) Board brushes: Meticulous brushwork often requires base coloring, or large-area flat painting and rendering, so it is necessary to prepare wool board brushes or row brushes of various widths.
What are the main dyeing methods for gongbi painting?
5. What are the basic knowledge of Chinese painting?
Four basic common sense of Chinese painting that you must know: the concept of Chinese painting, classification methods, tools and materials, and mounting styles.
In daily life, everyone is no stranger to Chinese painting. They have all seen some Chinese paintings, whether they are ancient or contemporary. It is quite difficult to tell what the three words "Chinese painting" mean. hesitate. So why is Chinese painting called Chinese painting? The real painting system, I mean the purely ornamental art concept, is only the Chinese painting system and the Western painting system. The Chinese painting system is based on calligraphy, and the Western painting system is based on sketching.
Chinese paintings are divided into four categories according to material, content, painter and technique.
This corresponds to four questions at the same time: where to paint, what to paint, who painted it, and how to paint it.
The four treasures of the study in Chinese painting are what we often call them: pen, ink, paper and inkstone. The main forms of Chinese painting and calligraphy include: vertical scroll, horizontal scroll, hand scroll, album, and fan.
The origin of Chinese painting constitutes the upper limit of Chinese painting, and the classification of Chinese painting constitutes the lower limit of Chinese painting. The tools and materials of Chinese painting are on the left side of Chinese painting, and the format of Chinese painting is on the right side of Chinese painting. This multi-dimensional three-dimensional structure of up, down, left and right constitutes the basic knowledge system of the Chinese painting system.
Extended information: Ink painting: a type of Chinese painting. Refers to paintings made purely with ink.
There are three basic elements: simplicity, symbolism, and naturalness. According to legend, it began in the Tang Dynasty, matured in the Five Dynasties, flourished in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and continued to develop in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and in modern times.
Take the brushwork as the main method and give full play to the function of the ink method. "Ink is color" means that the change of the shade of ink is the change of color levels. "Ink is divided into five colors" means that the rich colors can be replaced by multi-level ink shades.
Shen Kuo's "Picture Song" of the Northern Song Dynasty says: "Dong Yuan in the south of the Yangtze River is full of vitality, and the light ink and light mist are integrated into one body." That is to say, ink painting.
People in the Tang and Song Dynasties used wet brushes to paint landscapes, which produced the effect of "water halo ink stamps." People in the Yuan Dynasty began to use dry brushes, and the ink colors were more varied, creating an artistic effect of "like five colors at the same time." In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei proposed that "ink and wash should be the first" for painting styles, and later generations followed this.
Ink painting has long occupied an important position in the history of Chinese painting. Courtyard painting: referred to as "courtyard painting" or "courtyard painting", it is a type of Chinese painting.
Generally refers to the more exquisite paintings of the Hanlin Painting Academy in the Song Dynasty and the court painters after that. There are also works that specifically refer to the works of the Song Dynasty Painting Academy, or generally refer to the works of non-court painters who imitate the style of the Southern Song Painting Academy.
In order to cater to the needs of the imperial court, this type of works mostly use flowers and birds, landscapes, palace life and religious content as themes. The paintings pay attention to the law, pay attention to both form and spirit, and the style is gorgeous and delicate. Because the fashionistas of the times and the painters had different skills, the painting styles were different and each had its own characteristics.
Lu Xun said: "In the courtyard paintings of the Song Dynasty, the weak and tender parts should be abandoned, and the meticulous and meticulous parts are desirable." ("Qiejieting Essays? On "The Adoption of Old Forms"")
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Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia of Chinese Painting.
6. If you want to know more about Chinese painting, the more comprehensive the better.
"Chinese painting" is one of my country's traditional plastic arts.
It has its own system in the field of world art. It can be roughly divided into; painting subjects such as figures, landscapes, boundary paintings, flowers, fruits, feathers, animals, insects and fish; there are techniques such as fine brushwork, freehand brushwork, hook drawing, coloring, and ink painting. Coloring can be divided into gold and silver. Bi, large and small green, boneless, splash color, light color, light crimson and so on.
Mainly use changes in lines and ink colors, such as hook, chaff, dot, dye, thick, light, dry, wet, yin, yang, direction, back, empty, solid, sparse, dense and blank. and other expression techniques to depict objects and business locations; the framing layout has a broad field of vision and is not limited to focus perspective. There are murals, screens, scrolls, albums, fans and other picture forms, supplemented by traditional mounting techniques.
Figure painting gradually matured from the late Zhou Dynasty to the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Landscape, flower, bird and animal paintings began to form independent painting disciplines in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Schools of the Five Dynasties and Two Song Dynasties competed, and ink painting became popular, and landscape painting became a major branch. Literary painting had already developed in the Song Dynasty, and by the Yuan Dynasty when it flourished, the painting style tended to be freehand. It continued to develop in the Ming and Qing dynasties and in modern times, with an increasing emphasis on expressing ideas and expressing the spirit.
During the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Tang Dynasty, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was successively influenced by Buddhist art and Western painting art. Chinese painting emphasizes that "the external teacher creates nature, and the inner source is the source of the heart." It requires that "the intention is stored in the brush first, and the intention is reflected in the painting." It emphasizes melting things and self, creating artistic conception, and achieving the goal of describing the spirit with form, both form and spirit, and vivid charm.
Since calligraphy and painting have the same origin, and both are closely connected with the bone method's use of brushes and lines in expressing emotions, painting, calligraphy and seal cutting interact with each other to form significant artistic features. The tools and materials used for painting are pens, ink, paper, inkstones and silk specially made in my country.
Modern Chinese painting has made breakthroughs and developments in inheriting tradition and absorbing foreign techniques. Ink painting is a type of Chinese painting.
Refers to paintings made purely with ink. There are three basic elements: simplicity, symbolism, and naturalness.
According to legend, it began in the Tang Dynasty, matured in the Five Dynasties, flourished in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and continued to develop in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and in modern times.
Take the brushwork as the main method and give full play to the function of the ink method.
"Ink is color" means that the change of the shade of ink is the change of color levels. "Ink is divided into five colors" means that the colorful colors can be replaced by multi-level ink shades. Shen Kuo's "Picture Song" of the Northern Song Dynasty said: "Dong Yuan in the south of the Yangtze River is full of vitality, and the light ink and light mist are integrated into one body."
That is to say, ink painting. People in the Tang and Song Dynasties often used wet brushes to paint landscapes, which produced the effect of "water halo ink seals." People in the Yuan Dynasty began to use dry brushes, and the ink colors were more varied, creating an artistic effect of "like five colors at the same time."
Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty proposed that "ink and wash are the best" for painting styles, and later generations followed this. Ink painting has long occupied an important position in the history of Chinese painting.
Courtyard painting, referred to as "courtyard painting" or "courtyard painting", is a type of Chinese painting. Generally refers to the more refined paintings of the Hanlin Painting Academy of the Song Dynasty and later court painters.
There are also works specifically referring to the works of the Song Dynasty Painting Academy, or generally referring to the works of non-court painters who imitated the style of the Southern Song Painting Academy. In order to cater to the needs of the emperor's court, this kind of works mostly use flowers and birds, landscapes, palace life and religious content as their themes. The paintings pay attention to the law, pay attention to both form and spirit, and the style is gorgeous and delicate.
Because the fashionistas of the times and the painters had different skills, the painting styles were different and each had its own characteristics. Lu Xun said: "In the courtyard paintings of the Song Dynasty, the weak and charming parts should be abandoned, and the meticulous and meticulous parts are desirable."
("Qiejieting Essays·On the "Adoption of Old Forms"") Literati Painting Also known as "Scholar Painting". A type of Chinese painting.
Generally refers to the paintings made by Chinese scholars and scholar-bureaucrats in China’s feudal society. Different from the paintings of folk painters and professional painters of the court painting academy, Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty proposed "literati painting", Dong Qichang of the Ming Dynasty praised "literati painting", with Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty as its founder and the ancestor of the Southern Sect (see " North and South Sect").
However, in the old days, it was often used to elevate the painting art of the scholar-bureaucrat class and to despise folk painters and academic painters. Zhang Yanyuan of the Tang Dynasty once said in "Records of Famous Paintings of the Past Dynasties": "Since ancient times, those who are good at painting are those who are well-dressed and well-dressed, and they are not what Lu Yan can do."
This saying has a long-lasting influence. In modern times, Chen Hengke believed that "literati painting has four elements: character, knowledge, talent and thought. With these four elements, it can be perfected."
Usually "literati painting" is mostly based on landscapes, flowers and birds, Plum blossoms, orchids, bamboos, chrysanthemums, wood and stones are used to express "spirituality" or personal ambitions, and sometimes contain resentment against national oppression or decadent politics. They advocated "morale" and "excellent products", advocated fine materials, paid attention to the taste of pen and ink, avoided abstract shapes, emphasized charm, and attached great importance to literature, calligraphy cultivation and the creation of artistic conception in paintings.
Yao Mang's father's "Research on Chinese Literary Painting: Preface" has been highly praised: "The Tang Dynasty King Youcheng (Wei) added poetry to the painting, and then the interest was born from the pen, and the method was changed at will, without any need for words. Shang and Qiu Mountains are all rhyming, meaning does not need to be compared with Xing, but the grass and trees are singing. "The literati paintings of the past dynasties have had a considerable influence on the aesthetic ideas of Chinese painting and the development of techniques such as ink painting and freehand painting.
The ten categories of painting are the terms of Chinese painting. Chinese painting is divided into six categories, namely, figures, houses, landscapes, pommel horses, ghosts and gods, flowers and birds, etc.
Vegetable door etc. Deng Chun's "Hua Ji" in the Southern Song Dynasty is divided into eight categories (doors), namely immortals, Buddhas and ghosts, biographies of people, landscapes, forests and stones, flowers, bamboos and feathers, animals, insects and fish, houses, wood, boats and carts, fruits, vegetables and herbs, small scenes and miscellaneous paintings.
See "Thirteen Subjects". ◇Thirteen subjects: Chinese painting terminology.
As for the division of Chinese painting, Zhang Yanyuan's "Famous Paintings of the Past Dynasties" in the Tang Dynasty is divided into six categories; "Xuanhe Painting Book" in the Northern Song Dynasty is divided into ten categories; and Deng Chun's "Hua Ji" in the Southern Song Dynasty is divided into eight categories. Tang Gao's "Painting Review" of the Yuan Dynasty said: "Thirteen subjects of secular painting are established, with landscape as the starting point and boundary painting as the bottom." : "Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, Jade Emperors and Taoists, vajras, ghosts, gods, arhats, saints, winds, clouds, dragons and tigers, people from the past, all mountains and forests, flowers, bamboos and feathers, wild mules and animals, human beings, boundary-painting towers, all living things, farming and weaving , carved green and inlaid with green." Landscape painting is referred to as "landscape".
A type of Chinese painting. Paintings that mainly depict the natural scenery of mountains and rivers.
It has gradually developed in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, but it was still attached to figure paintings and mostly used as backgrounds; it became independent in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, such as Zhan Ziqian's colorful landscapes, Li Sixun's golden landscapes, and Wang Wei's Ink landscapes, Wang Qia's splash-ink landscapes, etc.; landscape paintings in the Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty flourished, with many authors, such as Jing Hao, Guan Tong, Li Cheng, Dong Yuan, Ju Ran, Fan Kuan, Xu Daoning, Yan Wengui, and Song Dynasty.