Mao Zedong's tireless study is one of the prerequisites for him to become a great man and achieve great success. During his decades of schooling, Mao Zedong has accumulated profound knowledge and rich learning experience. Mao Zedong often talks about reading and studying, and his related thoughts are very rich. How does Mao Zedong talk about reading and learning? To sum up, there are mainly the following aspects.
First, learning is better than the ancients. In the "Lecture Hall Record" written by Mao Zedong in his early years, there is such a record: "There is a shortage of talents today; Learning to be excellent is an official, not enough for learning. " In reality, Mao Zedong is indeed better than today's people and the ancients. Since his youth, Mao Zedong has been determined to explore the source of the universe and read all the books in the world. From 1920, after Mao Zedong first came into contact with Marxist books and periodicals, he began to study and accumulate this knowledge with great concentration, completed the transformation of world outlook and became a Marxist. At the same time, according to China's national conditions, he flexibly applied Marxist theory to revolutionary practice, and created a great ideological and theoretical system-Mao Zedong Thought in the process. Mao Zedong Thought raised the ideological wisdom of the Chinese nation to a new level. Moreover, Mao Zedong's military thought is a peak in the history of China's military thought after The Art of War. At the same time, Mao Zedong has made great achievements in philosophy, poetry and calligraphy.
Second, the accumulation of learning is expensive. When studying in Changsha, Mao Zedong proposed to pay attention to physical and mental cultivation and knowledge learning, study hard and persevere. He wrote a self-encouraging couplet: "You have perseverance, why do you have to go to bed at five o'clock?" The most useless thing is to be frozen for ten days a day "(using the couplet written by Hu, a scholar in Ming Dynasty). This pair of couplets embodies Mao Zedong's praise for the spirit of accumulating knowledge and perseverance. Mao Zedong's achievement as a philosopher is the result of his lifelong study of philosophy. For example, during the Yan 'an period, Mao Zedong, then chairman of China's * * * Production Party, wrote excerpts of more than 3,000 words while reading Ai Siqi's Philosophy and Life, and also wrote to Ai Siqi for advice.
Third, books should be read repeatedly. Mao Zedong advocated "three responses and four warmings" in reading. In daily life, Mao Zedong studied his favorite books over and over again, and deepened his understanding over and over again. Every time he reads, he is used to drawing a circle on the cover. As can be seen from the books preserved in the former residence of Zhongnanhai, four or five circles are painted on the covers of many books. The pages of some books are marked with red, blue and black handwriting, which was left by Mao Zedong's repeated reading in different periods. He studied some important Marxism-Leninism, Marxist philosophy, Party history and literary works repeatedly. For example, Li Da's A Concise Course in the History of Lian * * * (Bolshevik) and Outline of Sociology, etc., he has read 10 many times. Mao Zedong read A Dream of Red Mansions more carefully, reading at least 10 different versions.
Fourth, the Expo will be widely accepted. Mao Zedong has always advocated and practiced reading, reading and expository writing. Mao Zedong once said in a letter to his secretary Link: "It is good for you and me to read books, newspapers and publications and collect exhibitions extensively." This sentence is actually Mao Zedong's experience. His own reading range is very wide, from social science to natural science, from western social science masterpieces to Marxist-Leninist works, from ancient works to new works. In a word, philosophy, religion, politics, economy, military affairs, literature, history, geography, natural science, science and technology, and various newspapers and magazines are all within the scope of Mao Zedong.
Fifth, systematic learning. Mao Zedong advocated extensive reading, and at the same time advocated serious study and systematic mastery of book knowledge. Mao Zedong called for a systematic study of Marxism-Leninism. He once pointed out that all party member producing countries with considerable research ability should learn the theories of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin. He also stressed: "From the point of view of taking the main leadership responsibility, if there are 100 to 200 comrades in our party who study Marxism-Leninism systematically rather than piecemeal, practically rather than empty, it will greatly enhance our party's combat effectiveness and speed up our work of defeating Japanese imperialism."
Sixth, be diligent in pen and ink. Diligence in pen and ink is a major feature of Mao Zedong's study. When reading, Mao Zedong often circles and marks the pages, leaving his own thoughts or comments. When studying German ethicist Paulson's Principles of Ethics at Hunan First Normal University, Mao Zedong once wrote the word 12000 on the page. After leading the Red Army's Long March to northern Shaanxi, Mao Zedong left many reading symbols on the pages of the philosophy textbooks he had read, such as horizontal lines, vertical lines, diagonal lines, wavy lines, triangles, boxes, circles, dots, hooks, forks, question marks and so on. In addition, when reading, Mao Zedong carefully corrected some typos and punctuation marks in the original book. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Mao Zedong made many comments while reading.
Seven, the combination of learning and thinking. Mao Zedong's proposition is consistent with Confucius' famous saying "Learning without thinking is useless". Mao Zedong criticized the bad habit of learning without thinking when he was young. He said: "The scholars in our country for two thousand years can be described as learning without thinking." Contrary to this bad habit, Mao Zedong is good at independent thinking when reading. Especially when reading history books, Mao Zedong put the books he read in an appropriate historical background, and paid attention to the characteristics of the times, social conditions and the author's writing conditions, writing motives, guiding ideology and purpose, so as to understand the contents of the books thoroughly. With his special value orientation, he learned the way of the rise and fall of history from books, realized his needed strategy of governing the country by evaluating the political affairs of past dynasties, forbearing and drawing lessons, and inspired his new ideas and concepts in the dialogue with the ancients.
Eight, don't study behind closed doors. Mao Zedong advocated that reading should be combined with social reality, not only reading books with words, but also reading books without words. He wrote in the lecture notes: "It is useless to study behind closed doors. If you want to learn everything in the world, you will sweat a lot and travel around the world. " He appreciated the ancient way of reading "reading thousands of books and walking Wan Li Road". It is in order to practice the principle of "studying with the door open" that Mao Zedong visited the rural areas of Hunan during his study in Hunan First Normal University. During the Northern Expedition, Mao Zedong made a special trip to Hunan in 1927 to inspect the peasant movement in Xiangtan, Changsha and other five counties, and wrote the Investigation Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan. It was on the basis of extensive and in-depth investigation in rural areas that Mao Zedong put forward the general line of the new-democratic revolution.
Nine, learning is inseparable from asking questions. Mao Zedong believes that learning should not only be good at reading dead books, but also good at reading "living" books. He advocated learning from Confucius's "everything has questions". In the article "Against Bookishness", Mao Zedong criticized many leaders. They like to announce their political views as soon as they take over their new jobs. When they encounter difficulties, they sigh and fidget, but they don't know how to go to all parts of their work and learn from Confucius's "everything". In the preface and postscript of "Rural Survey", he said: To understand the situation, "first look down, not just look up at the sky. Without downward interest and determination, you will never really understand China in your life. " .
X. good at squeezing and drilling. Mao Zedong once said in his speech at the mobilization meeting of on-the-job cadres in Yan 'an: Learning can be solved by some methods. One way is called "crowding" to cope with busyness. For example, a carpenter nailed a nail to the wood, which was "squeezing" the wood and the wood gave in. Another method is called "drilling", just like a carpenter drilling wood. Don't be afraid of what you don't understand, but use "drilling" to deal with it. Mao Zedong is an advocate of the spirit of "squeezing" and "drilling", and a model to carry out this spirit. When he was young, he often read books under street lamps and even hid in the toilet. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was busy with his work, but he still used to study before and after meals, holidays and travel. From 65438 to 0975, Mao Zedong's eyesight recovered after eye surgery, and he began to read a lot. Sometimes he even has to study for more than ten hours a day, even when he is lying in bed taking his blood pressure.
XI。 Never tire of learning, never tire of teaching. Mao Zedong once said, "The enemy of learning is your own satisfaction. Study hard and never be complacent. For yourself,' never tire of learning' and for others,' never tire of teaching' should adopt this attitude. " In fact, Mao Zedong set an example for both of them. First of all, Mao Zedong insisted on reading the works of Marx and Engels and many Marxist political, economic, philosophical, military, literary and historical monographs. Mao Zedong is also a tireless mentor. Whether teaching in the primary school attached to Hunan No.1 Normal University, or giving lectures at the Red Army University, the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University and the Central Party School, Mao Zedong can explain things in simple terms, and his speeches are very lively and convincing.
The purpose of learning is to apply what you have learned. Mao Zedong is an expert in integrating theory with practice. He clearly pointed out that the purpose of learning is to apply. Mao Zedong once pointed out clearly: "For Marxist theory, the purpose of mastering it and applying it is to apply it." Mao Zedong not only compared theory and practice to the relationship between an arrow and a target, but also regarded the application of theory or practice itself as more important learning, so he advocated learning through practice.