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The origin and origin of Spring Festival couplets
Spring Festival couplets originated in Fu Tao (rectangular red boards were hung on both sides of the gate in the Zhou Dynasty). According to the Book of Rites, the peach symbol is six inches long and three inches wide, and the words "Shen Tu" and "Lei Yu" are written on the mahogany board. "On the first day of the first month, I made a peach symbol-a carpenter's craft in Dakangtao, Beijing-a peach symbol is a family, a famous immortal wood, which is feared by all ghosts." Therefore, the Qing Dynasty's "Yanjing Shi Sui Ji" said: "Spring Festival couplets, that is, Fu Tao."
In the Five Dynasties, in the court, someone wrote couplets on peach symbols. According to Song Shi Shu Jia, Meng Changjun, the master of Houshu, ordered Zhang Xun, a bachelor, to write a poem on the mahogany board, saying, "It's not a job, so he wrote a poem on the pretence that' the New Year is coming, and the first festival is Changchun'". This is China's first Spring Festival couplets. Until the Song Dynasty, Spring Festival couplets were still called "Fu Tao". There is a saying in Wang Anshi's poem that "thousands of households are the narrowest, and new peaches are always replaced with old ones". In the Song Dynasty, the peach symbol was changed from mahogany board to paper, which was called "Spring Sticker".
The folk custom of pasting Spring Festival couplets began in the Song Dynasty and prevailed in the Ming Dynasty. According to historical records, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, loved couplets. He not only writes by himself, but also often encourages his officials to write.
By the Qing Dynasty, the ideological and artistic quality of Spring Festival couplets had been greatly improved. Liang Zhangju's monograph Poetry of Spring Festival couplets discusses the origin of Spring Festival couplets and the characteristics of various works. Spring Festival couplets had become a literary and artistic form at that time.
Extended data:
There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, which can be divided into door heart, frame pair, horizontal bar, spring bar and bucket weight according to the place of use. The "door core" is attached to the center of the upper end of the door panel; The "door frame pair" is attached to the left and right door frames; "Cross-dressing" is posted on the crossbar of the door; "Spring strips" are posted in corresponding places according to different contents; "Dou Jin", also known as "door leaf", is a square diamond, often attached to furniture and screen walls.
The word "fu" is now interpreted as "happiness", but in the past it meant "good luck" and "good luck". No matter now or in the past, the word "Fu" posted in the Spring Festival has pinned people's yearning for a happy life and wishes for a better future. In order to fully reflect this yearning and wish, the people simply turn the word "Fu" upside down to mean "Fu has arrived" and "Fu has arrived".
The implication and symbol of Spring Festival couplets
The moral of posting Spring Festival couplets is to ward off evil spirits and avoid disasters, welcome good luck, and symbolize good wishes and longings.
Spring Festival couplets are commonly known as "door pairs", "spring stickers", "couplets", "couplets" and "couplets". Spring Festival couplets are usually written in black letters on a red background or gold letters on a red background, with auspicious patterns, which set off the festive atmosphere of the Spring Festival. In particular, some auspicious decorations in the Spring Festival couplets, such as fish, mean more than one year, expressing people's good expectations for the coming year and avoiding evil spirits and taking refuge.
The festive red Spring Festival couplets posted on the door are a kind of couplets, which should be posted during the Spring Festival, so one source of Spring Festival couplets is Taofu. At first, people carved figures out of mahogany and hung them by the door to ward off evil spirits. Later, they painted the door god on the mahogany, simplified it and wrote the door god's name on the mahogany board. Another source of Spring Festival couplets is spring stickers. The ancients posted the word "Yichun" every day in the early spring, and later gradually developed into Spring Festival couplets.
How to post Spring Festival couplets?
Sticking the bottom couplet depends on the writing order of the horizontal batch. If the horizontal batch is written from right to left, the upper couplet is posted on the right and the lower couplet is posted on the left. On the other hand, if the horizontal batch is written from left to right, the upper part should be posted on the left and the lower part should be posted on the right.
Distinguishing method of uplink and downlink:
1, the method of distinguishing flat tones and tones.
Looking at the last word of the couplet, the last word of the first couplet is three tones and four tones, that is, four tones, while the last word of the second couplet is one tone and two tones, that is, flat tones (yin and yang).
2. Progressive differentiation of meaning
Each couplet has its own specific meaning. When writing couplets, it is generally considered to be the bottom couplet with profound meaning, and the value of the top couplet is more of a guiding role. The upper and lower links are basically causal, because it is the upper link and the fruit is the lower link.
3. Distinguishing methods of time undertaking.
According to the inheritance of "saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new", the past time is the first part, and the coming time is the second part. This is generally reflected in the Spring Festival couplets, such as the zodiac and the old year, as well as the new year.
4. Coverage differentiation method
Generally speaking, the small scope is the upper part, and the large scope is the lower part. For example, the common word "home country" means the upper part and the lower part.
Taboos for posting Spring Festival couplets
Taboo 1: Don't paste the left and right couplets wrong.
When posting Spring Festival couplets, some people often misplace the upper and lower couplets. The key to distinguish between up and down is the last word. According to the rules, the last word in the upper part must end in a light tone (three or four tones in Mandarin) and the lower part in a flat tone (one or two tones in Mandarin).
When pasting couplets, the upper couplet is pasted on the right, the lower couplet is pasted on the left, and the left and right are bounded by the gate or pilaster. The reason for posting this way is that the straight writing is from right to left, so reading couplets is also from right to left.
Taboo 2: The time to post Spring Festival couplets
There is a folk myth that Spring Festival couplets are immortals in the sky. When the Spring Festival couplets are torn, they will report to the Jade Emperor the situation of each household, hoping that the gods can bring good luck to the folk families.
It is best to stick Spring Festival couplets between 6 am and noon 12 on New Year's Eve, tearing up the old ones, which means breaking bad luck and tearing up the old ones.
Taboo 3: Singularity is auspicious.
Post Spring Festival couplets at the gate, remember to post odd numbers to symbolize good luck. Also, don't just post the word "Spring" on your doorstep, you can post blessings, make money and treasure, because in ancient times, only Yee Justin would post the word "Spring" on your doorstep.
Taboo 4: The word "Fu" can't be posted casually.
When posting Spring Festival couplets, some people still like to post the word "Fu", but not all of them have to be posted backwards.
1, the blessing on the gate must be posted.
The word "Fu" on the gate means "Welcome to Fu" and "Accept Fu". The gate is the entrance and exit of the family and a solemn place. The word "fu" posted must be solemn and generous, so it must be posted correctly.
2. The word "Fu" on the cabinet should be pasted backwards.
A cupboard is a place to store things. The word "fu" is pasted backwards, which means that the good news (and wealth) will always come to the home, the house and the cupboard.
3. Special circumstances
If there is an accident at home during the year, friends who want to transfer can post their blessings backwards.
Taboo 5: Don't post it backwards.
The janitor should pay attention to the fact that the faces of the characters on the two doors are opposite, so don't stick them upside down. The doors of the old building are two opposite doors, and the doorman sticks one on one side. Now the houses are all single doors, and two doormen can only stick on the same door. Pay attention to the beautiful and generous position when pasting.
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