The "Ming Jing" subject in the Han Dynasty's examinations was one of the most important special subjects. To know the classics means to know the classics well. This subject existed in the Qin Dynasty and became prominent in the Han Dynasty. The so-called "jing" originally refers to the pre-Qin classics. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty respected Confucianism, "jing" has specifically referred to Confucian classics. In fact, every subject in the examination and examination has the content of Confucian classics, and those who are elected must also be familiar with Confucian classics. The establishment of "Ming Jing" as a special subject shows the importance of Confucian classics in the politics of the Han Dynasty.
In the Western Han Dynasty, the "Ming Jing" subjects were not based on population. Starting from the second year of Yuanhe (85 AD) of Emperor Zhang of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the number of examinations was determined based on the population. Later, an age limit was added, ranging from 50 to 70 years old. Only then can you enter Imperial College. However, in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, those who were young and proficient in Confucian classics could also be cited as Ming Jing. For example, Zhang Xuan "learned "Yan's Spring and Autumn Annals" at a young age, and also understood several family laws. At the beginning of Jianwu, he cited Ming Jing."
Many famous officials in the Han Dynasty, such as Kong Anguo, Gong Yu, etc., were Ming Jing subjects. By birth, father and son Wei Xian and Wei Xuancheng both entered official positions in Ming Dynasty and became prime ministers successively. The emphasis on classics continued until the imperial examinations in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The two subjects of Ming Jing and Jin Shi were the basic subjects of the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty. The "Ming Jing" examination in the Tang Dynasty was based on the classics, and the ranking was determined by the ratio of the classics. The Ming Jing is further divided into the Five Classics, the Three Classics, the Second Classic, the First Classic of Learning, the Three Rites, and the Three Transmissions. The method of examination is to post the text first and then take the oral test. "Book of Rites" and "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan" are called the Great Classic, "Mao Shi", "Zhou Li" and "Yili" are called the Zhong Jing, "Zhou Yi", "Shang Shu", "Chun Qiu Gong Yang Zhuan", "Chun Qiu Valley" "Liang Zhuan" is called the Xiao Jing. To understand the two classics, one needs to understand one part of the Major Sutra and one part of the Small Sutra, or two parts of the Middle Sutra; to understand the three classics, one part each of the Major, Middle and Small Sutras is required; to understand the Five Classics, one must have both the Major and the Small Sutras. Pass. The subjects are chosen by the students themselves. In addition, "The Classic of Filial Piety" and "The Analects of Confucius" are required subjects, and sometimes "Laozi" and "Erya" are also added. Han Yu said in "Reply to Cui Li's Book": "When I come to the capital, I see someone who has been promoted to a Jinshi...sometimes he will show him the poems, poems, policies, etc. tested by the Ministry of Rites, and I think he can do it without learning. Because Yizhou County is seeking If there are a lot of things to do, the likes and dislikes of a person come from his heart, and he will achieve success after four actions. "Cen Zhongmian said: "The Ming Jing has many references to the two classics, which seems difficult. However, there are not many words in the "Book of Filial Piety" and "The Analects of Confucius", so it is not difficult to study them at the same time. ...Jinshi poems and rhymes require originality, which is less difficult than oral examinations."
In the first year of Shenlong (705), there were three Ming Dynasty economic examinations. The first one is about scriptures, the second one is about righteousness, and the third one is about current affairs.
Yang Xuan, the son of Yang Guozhong, raised the Ming Sutra and fell to the ground. The son of the chief examiner met Yang Guozhong and said, "According to your Majesty's order, the Prime Minister's son failed the examination, but I dare not depose him." Yang Guozhong scolded: "Why should my son not be rich and honorable? Why would he borrow a name and be sold by the rats? "The examiner thought that "the country is loyal and relies on power to be arrogant" and "there is no way to correct the merits", so he "went to Xuan in Shangdi". Explanation of the plaque: In the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examinations were based on poems and poems to select scholars who were called Jinshi, and those who were selected based on the meaning of classics were called Ming Jing. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, Mingjing had become another name for Gongsheng.
Reason for gifting the plaque: This plaque was inscribed and donated by Wang Jie, then a scholar in Fujian Province, to Lu Shijie, a Gongsheng student.
Brief introduction of the person who inscribed the plaque: Wang Jie (1725-1805) was a great man, also known as Xingyuan and Weizhang. A native of Hancheng, Shaanxi. In the 26th year of Qianlong's reign, Xinsi Enke became the number one scholar, was awarded the title of compilation, and entered the South Study Room. At first, he served as an aide to Yin Jishan and Chen Hongmou. Later, he moved to the cabinet bachelor, minister of the Ministry of Justice, and minister of the Ministry of Personnel. He was promoted to the censor of Zuodu. He eventually reached the rank of bachelor of Dongge, chief master of the upper study, minister of military aircraft, and Taibao of the crown prince. During his decades in the Privy Council, he always had to resort to humiliation and confrontation with powerful ministers and Kun. When Jiaqing came into power, he was appointed as the chief assistant. He served in two dynasties and was favored for his loyalty and uprightness. He was made the crown prince and tutor of Jin Dynasty. He repeatedly talked about the pros and cons of the government, and suggested that the money and food in the military areas be exempted, and the power of military ministers should be restored; He is good at poetry and calligraphy. His posthumous title was "Wen Duan". He is the author of "Baochun Pavilion Collection".
Era: Yiyou year of Qianlong (1765 AD)
Size: 67cm×183cm
Existing location: Shizhong District, Jinan City, Shandong Province