The other party didn't know what the plan was and came forward. Zhang Fei led his elite troops around the enemy's rear to launch a surprise attack. Although there were many enemy troops, due to the terrain limitations, "the front and rear could not rescue each other" and were beaten dizzy. In this battle, Zhang Fei won a complete victory. Zhang He, the general of Cao's army, abandoned his horse and fled with only a dozen remaining soldiers, in great embarrassment. gt; Zhang Fei is a calligrapher? gt; In people's eyes, Zhang Fei is a brave warrior. In fact, Zhang Fei's abilities are more than that. According to some historical records such as "Anthology of the Three Kingdoms", he can also write poetry, draw, and is also a good calligrapher. The famous scholar Mr. Deng Tuo once wrote an article "Starting from Zhang Fei's Calligraphy and Painting", talking about Zhang Fei's calligraphy and painting. gt; Cao Xuequan, a philologist of the Ming Dynasty and a former right-hand political official in Sichuan, recorded in the twenty-eighth volume of his "Records of Scenic Spots in Central Sichuan" that there is a Bameng Mountain in Qu County, Shunqing Prefecture (Qu County is Danqu County during the Three Kingdoms). There is a stone at the foot of the mountain. The inscription on the stone is: "The Han general Zhang Fei led ten thousand elite soldiers to defeat the thief Zhang He and set up a stone." Two lines of official script characters. This inscription talks about the time when Zhang Fei defeated the many with less and defeated the famous general Zhang He and fled. It is said that Zhang Fei was very happy at that time. When he was proud, he wrote this text on stone instead of paper. In the "Notes and Supplements to the Manuscript of the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms" written by Zhao Yiqing in the Qing Dynasty, it is quoted from the "Minutes of Fang Yu" and also says: "There is a Leshi at the foot of Bamieng Mountain. The cloud says: Han general Zhang Fei led thousands of elite soldiers to defeat thieves." The first piece of paper is a stone, which is written by Zhang Fei personally." The explanatory notes on the biography of Zhang Fei in "Collected Notes of the Three Kingdoms" also believe that this sentence was inscribed by Zhang Fei himself. It is also said that the original carved stone has been weathered and eroded for a long time, and the writing is no longer clear. The existing "Li Ma Ming" is a bluestone stele re-engraved on the Bameng stone wall in the seventh year of Guangxu's reign (1881) based on the original rubbing from the collection of Hu Shengyou's family in Qishan County. Today, the Qishan County Museum in Shaanxi Province has an original rubbing of Zhang Fei's "Li Ma Ming" handwritten stele. The font and size are consistent with historical records. There are only 22 characters inscribed on the stele. The pen is full and powerful, and the momentum is strong and solemn. It fully demonstrates his personality and style. It is a rare calligraphy work. gt;gt; Liu Bei led Guan, Zhang and others to raise troops and soon made many military exploits, but they never saw official appointments from the imperial court. One time, although they saved Dong Zhuo's life, because Liu Bei and others had no official titles, Dong Zhuo not only did not express gratitude, but was also very rude. Zhang Fei was so angry that he almost killed him. Later, in the Battle of Wancheng, Liu Bei and others made military exploits again, and finally were rewarded with the rank of lieutenant of Anxi County, Zhongshan Prefecture, Dingzhou. Unexpectedly, he was dismissed by the court after only four months of service. Not only that, the governor also insulted and framed him. Regarding this incident, "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" said that Zhang Fei broke into the back hall and saw the governor sitting in the hall. He tied the county official to the ground. Fei shouted: "Thieves who harm the people! Do you recognize me?" The governor was anxious. Get up, call left and right to catch him. Zhang Fei grabbed his hair with his hands and pulled him out of the post office. He tied him to a willow in front of the county. He climbed down from the willow and went to the governor to whip his legs. When it was about two hundred, Xuande was wondering when he heard the excitement in front of the county. He hurriedly asked around, and replied: "General Zhang tied up a man and beat him in front of the county." Those who are in charge of postal services are also responsible for supervising postal services. Xuande was surprised and asked why, and Fei said, "It would be a waste if we didn't kill these thieves who are harming the people!" The postal supervisor told him, "Mr. Xuande, please save your life!" Xuande was a kind man after all, and he hurriedly told Zhang Fei to stop. gt;But according to the records of "Three Kingdoms", the real situation is this: Liu Bei became the queen of Anxi County and supervised the postal service to the county on official business. Liu Bei went to visit him, but he hit a snag. Liu Bei was so angry that he rushed into his residence and tied up the governor. "With a staff of two hundred, he tied his ribbon around his neck with a horse willow. He was buried in rebellion. He abandoned his official position and fled." There is another way of saying this. According to this theory, according to "Dian Lue": The governor arrived in the county and was preparing to remove Liu Bei from his official position. When Liu Bei heard that Du You was at Chuanshe, he went to see him, but he refused to see him because he was ill. Liu Bei was so angry that he rushed into the palace. He was tied under a tree and "more than a hundred whips and sticks were used to kill him. The governor begged for mercy, so he was released." No matter which version is true, it was Liu Bei who whipped the governor, not Zhang Fei. In "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", it was forced to be placed on Zhang Fei's head. It was really an unjust, false and wrong case. gt; In addition to "The Angry Whip to Supervise the Mail", there are also some stories in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", such as "The Battle with Lu Bu before Hulao Pass", "The Night Battle with Ma Chao", etc., which are not real history.gt; Zhang Fei’s Tomb in Chengdugt; There is an alley in the center of Chengdu, people call it Huanhou Lane. Its name comes from the original Zhangye Temple (also known as Huanhou Temple) here, which is actually a place for worship. The temple of Zhang Fei, a famous general from the Three Kingdoms, is said to have been funded and built by people in the Chengdu slaughtering industry during the Qing Dynasty. Because it is said that Zhang Fei was a pig butcher by trade, he brought glory to people in this industry and was their idol. gt；gt; Another reason why Zhang Ye Temple was built here is that there is a mound behind the temple that local residents call the "Imperial Tomb". This mound has always been said to be Zhang Fei's tomb. I don't know when it was still there in front of the tomb. A tombstone was erected "The Tomb of Zhang Huanhou, the General of the Han Dynasty". In the 1960s, when the former Sichuan Medical College was carrying out civil air defense construction, they discovered the year number "Yuheng 2nd Year" engraved on the tomb bricks above the tomb door. In 1985, when the Chengdu Municipal Museum archaeological team excavated the tomb, they successively discovered tomb bricks engraved with "Taikang", "Hanxing" and other year names. These year names were all the year names of the Cheng Han regime. Subsequently, A large number of cultural relics from the Cheng Han Dynasty were also unearthed, proving that it was a tomb from the Cheng Han Dynasty. In the past, people thought that this was the tomb of Zhang Fei's clothes and hats, which was purely a misinformation. > Where is the real tomb of Zhang Fei? > In 221 AD, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu. Zhang Fei was promoted to General of Chariots and Cavalry, led by Sili Xiaowei, and was granted the title of Marquis of Xixiang. In the same year, Liu Bei sent troops to conquer Soochow in order to avenge Guan Yu. Zhang Fei was also preparing to send troops to join Liu Bei in Jiangzhou in Langzhong. On the eve of departure, he was murdered by his generals Zhang Da and Fan Qiang (Fan Jiang in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"). Liu Bei, who was far away in Chengdu, heard that Governor Zhang Fei had arrived. Unexpectedly, he shouted: "Oh! Fei is dead." His later master, Liu Chan, gave him the posthumous title of Huanhou. gt; Zhang Fei died in Langzhong and was naturally buried in Langzhong. Langzhong people admired Zhang Fei's loyalty and bravery. In order to commemorate this brave hero, people built a Zhang Fei temple in front of his tomb. The existing tomb was rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. gt; gt; There is a saying among the people that Zhang Fei was "buried with his body in Langzhong and his head in Yunyang". So what happened? gt; gt; It is said that Fan Qiang and Zhang Da took advantage of Zhang Fei's drunken state and cut off his head. Head to Soochow and prepare to take him to Sun Quan to ask for rewards. When he reached Yunyang, he heard the news of peace between Wu and Shu, so he panicked and threw Zhang Fei's head into the Yangtze River. Zhang Fei's head drifted down the river and was later picked up by an old fisherman. Zhang Fei entrusted a dream to a fisherman, asking him to carry his head away. If he couldn't carry it anymore, he would bury him and build a temple. Thus, today's Zhang Fei Temple in Yunyang was born. According to historical records, this Zhang Fei Temple, also known as Zhang Huanhou Temple, was first built in the late Shu Han Dynasty and later expanded through the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has a history of more than 1,700 years. The original site is located at the foothills of Feifeng Mountain on the south bank of the Yangtze River, surrounded by mountains and rivers, and across the river from Yunyang County. The people here regard Zhang Fei as a god and burn incense to worship Zhang Fei on his birthday, memorial days, and festivals. gt; Historical Celebrities and Chengdu Sites gt; The red-faced Guan Gong and the black-faced Zhang Fei are called "Chacha". This familiar lyrics tells the artistic image of the fierce general Zhang Fei that has been sketched by the people for thousands of years. However, in history, Zhang Fei, whose two daughters were married to the later master Liu Chan, may have been a handsome father. Moreover, unlike the straightforward and fierce Zhang Fei in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the historical Zhang Fei was capable of both literary and military skills and was a Confucian general. He could write poetry, calligraphy and painting, and also left a stone carving of "Li Ma Ming" in Sichuan that was said to be written by him. People love Zhang Fei. In Chengdu, the Qing Dynasty built the Huanhou Temple for Zhang Fei. The street where the temple is located is called Huanhou Lane. gt; The Death of Guan and Zhang gt; In the Three Kingdoms era when heroes arose in large numbers, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were both great figures and had made great achievements in establishing the Shu Han regime. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms: Book of Shu, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei followed Liu Bei in his southern and northern campaigns when the world was in chaos at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The three of them had a very close relationship. Because of this deep emotional foundation, no matter how many ups and downs he encounters, his loyalty remains unswerving. For example, Cao Cao treated Guan Yu in every possible way, but Guan Yu was not moved and still wanted to follow Liu Bei in danger. The same goes for Zhang Fei, who once led 20 cavalry in Changban, Dangyang, "cutting off the bridge by the water, with angry eyes and spears" to resist the pursuers and cover Liu Bei's safe escape.
It can be said that Liu Bei became even more powerful with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Later, with the joining and assistance of Zhuge Liang, he finally stood upright with Wei and Wu and achieved a career that will go down in history. gt; The success of Wei, Shu, and Wu during the Three Kingdoms period was due to the advantages of the right time and place, but also for two important reasons: one was the gathering of talents, and the other was clever strategy. Cao Cao of Wei State took advantage of the emperor to command the princes. He had many advisers and fierce generals, and he won the victory in the Central Plains. Sun Quan of the Wu Kingdom was surrounded by talented people and possessed the rich financial and material resources of Jiangdong. "The country is in danger but the people are attached to it, so virtuous people can take advantage of it." The Shu Kingdom was relatively weak, but it also gathered a large number of talents and formulated the correct strategy of uniting with Wu to resist Wei, which ensured the stability of the regime and the economic and cultural prosperity of the Bashu region. gt; After Liu Bei obtained Yizhou and established the Shu Han regime, he gave generous gifts to Zhuge Liang, Fazheng, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and other meritorious officials, and appointed Guan Yu to "supervise the affairs of Jingzhou" and Zhang Fei to "lead the governor of Brazil", each of whom took charge of his own role. Both Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are commendable for their loyalty and bravery. Volume 6 of "Huayang Guozhi" says that the two of them "bravely championed the three armies and were both the enemy of ten thousand people." However, they were different in character. Guan Yu treated his soldiers well and was arrogant. As a scholar-bureaucrat, Zhang Fei loves to respect gentlemen but does not care about villains. Guan Yu's arrogance and Zhang Fei's rudeness, if they are of no importance in daily life, actually ruin big things at critical moments. According to historical records, Liu Bei once warned Zhang Fei, "Excessive punishments and killings, whipping of healthy children, and keeping orders on the left and right are the ways to bring disaster." Zhang Fei did not wake up and was eventually killed by his subordinates. "He took his head and ran down the river to Sun Quan." gt; Although Liu Bei saw the cause of Guan Zhang's defeat, he also made a strategic mistake in handling the aftermath. He refused to listen to Zhuge Liang's dissuasion and insisted on launching an army to conquer Wu. Sun Quan sent an envoy to ask for peace, but Liu Bei was furious and refused, so Wu had to resist with all his strength. As a result, Liu Bei was defeated in Yiling and died of illness in Baidi City. This war cost the Shu State a great price, wasting a lot of manpower and material resources, and also destroyed the alliance between the Shu State and the Wu State. The series of changes triggered by the death of Guan Zhang, as stated in Wang Fuzhi's "Reading Tongjian Lun", eventually led to the decline of the Shu Han Dynasty. gt;