1. The meaning and usage of words in classical Chinese texts
"Ben" can be used as nouns, adjectives, verbs, quantifiers, adverbs and pronouns in classical Chinese texts, and the usage and meaning are different
< p> (noun)1. (Referring to something. Small seal character shape, starting from "wood". The horizontal line below is an added symbol to indicate where the roots of the tree are. Original meaning: the roots or roots of vegetation stem)
For example: Ben, Kinoshita said Ben. ——"Shuowen"
2. This clan
For example: This clan will last for hundreds of generations. ——"Poetry Daya·King Wen"
3. The foundation or main body of things
For example: a gentleman should stick to his roots. ——"The Analects of Confucius·Xueer"
4. Mother gold, capital
For example: The son is originally in love with the mother. (Zi: interest, 侔: equal) - Han Yu's "Liu Zihou's Epitaph"
5. Root, origin
For example: things have their beginnings and endings, and things have their beginnings. ——"Book of Rites·University"
6. Refers to agricultural production in ancient times
For example: Today's farmers who beat the people and return are all written in this book. ——Han Jia Yi's "On Accumulation and Storage"
7. Original version
For example: I can't bear to discard the original version if I keep it now. ——Song Dynasty Wen Tianxiang's "Guide Record·Afterword"
8. Memorials, books, notebooks
(adjective)
1. Original; original
For example: This is called losing one’s original intention. ——"Mencius"
2. Basic, basic
(verb)
1. To govern, to govern
2. To infer, to infer the original (pronoun)
1. Oneself or one's own aspect
For example: My surname is Cao. —— Huang Zongxi's "The Biography of Liu Jingting" in the Qing Dynasty
2. Today's
3. This, that
For example: Those who use buds have said it since. ——Song Dynasty Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bi Tan"
(Quantifier) ??
1. Used in books and plants. Plant; tree
For example: plant several large bananas on one side. ——"A Dream of Red Mansions"
(adverb)
Originally, originally
For example: Chenbenbuyi. ——Zhuge Liang's "Chu Shi Biao" 2. What does classical Chinese mean?
Classical Chinese is a written language in ancient China, which mainly includes written language based on the spoken language of the pre-Qin period.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, items used to record text had not yet been invented. Bamboo slips, silk and other items were used to record text. Silk was expensive, bamboo slips were bulky and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to be able to record text in To write down more things on a "one volume" bamboo slip, unimportant words need to be deleted. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the ruling class's habit of using "official documents" for their correspondence had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.
Classical Chinese is relative to vernacular. It is characterized by writing based on words, paying attention to allusions, parallel antithesis, neat rhythm and no punctuation. It includes strategies, poems, lyrics, tunes, eight-part essays, Parallel prose, ancient prose and other literary styles. Mr. Wang Li, a famous linguist and educator, pointed out in "Ancient Chinese": "Classical Chinese refers to the ancient Chinese written language formed based on the spoken language of the Pre-Qin Dynasty and the language in the works of later generations of writers who imitated the ancient times."
Classical Chinese articles, that is, articles written in classical Chinese, are ancient classical Chinese works and works that imitated it in the past dynasties. As a stereotyped written language, classical Chinese has been used for two to three thousand years, from the pre-Qin scholars, the poems and poems of the two Han Dynasties, historical prose, to the ancient prose of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the eight-part essay of the Ming and Qing Dynasties... all fall into the scope of classical Chinese.
In other words, classical Chinese is the written language of ancient China and the source of modern Chinese. The first "文" means beautiful.
"Yan" means writing, expressing, recording, etc. "Classical Chinese" refers to written language. "Classical Chinese" is relative to "oral language", and "oral language" is also called "vernacular".
The last "wen" means works, articles, etc., and represents the type of literature.
"Classical Chinese" means "beautiful language writing", also called stylistic writing.
And "vernacular" means: "articles written in commonly used straightforward spoken language." For example, like now, "Have you eaten?".
In ancient my country, to express the same thing, it was different to use "oral language" (spoken language) and "written language" (written language) to express it. For example, To ask someone if they have eaten, the verbal expression is "Have you eaten?" ”, but to express it in written language, it is “Fan?” ". "Fanfou" refers to classical Chinese. Here, the noun "fan" is used as a verb, meaning to eat.
Before 1919, all articles in China were written in classical Chinese. Now we "Ancient Chinese" is generally called "classical Chinese".
During the thousands of years of Chinese history, the spoken language has changed greatly, but classical Chinese has maintained a similar format, allowing users of different languages ??to "converse in writing." " is a communication method that has a fixed format but is not very difficult.
Reference: baike.baidu/view/9011. 3. What is the meaning of "classical Chinese"
Classical Chinese "Classical Chinese" is relative to "Vernacular". The first "wen" means written articles. "Yan" means writing, expressing, recording, etc. "Classical Chinese" means written language, " "Classical Chinese" is relative to "oral language", which is also called "vernacular". The last "wen" means works, articles, etc., indicating the type of literature. "Classical Chinese" means "classical Chinese" "Articles written in written language". And "Vernacular" means: "Articles written in commonly used straightforward spoken language". In ancient my country, vernacular was used to express the same thing in oral language and written language. are different. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, using spoken language, it is "Have you eaten?", while using written language, it is "Have you eaten?". "Have you eaten?". "Have you eaten?" In ancient times, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese." my country's classical Chinese is the treasure of Chinese culture. The ancients left us a large number of classical Chinese. In China, middle school Chinese courses Among them, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role. 4. What does 人 mean in classical Chinese?
Common meanings [2] Note: The bold example sentences are pronouns in the example sentences in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools [3] 1. Same as modern Chinese explanatory particles 1 Example: ① near The people on the fortress are those who have good skills. - "A blessing in disguise" ②Who is the king who plans this? ——"Hongmen Banquet" ③No one showed any interest after that. ——"Peach Blossom Spring" ④The person who looks bright but profound is Langya. ——"The Drunken Old Pavilion" ⑤There is a further statement that the person who asked Chang'an Lord to be a hostage is Lao The woman will spit in his face! ——" Touching the Dragon and Talking about the Queen Mother of Zhao" 2. Used after a noun, equivalent to ".this person" Example: ① The Foolish Old Man of Beishan, who is ninety years old, lives facing the mountain. ——"The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain" ② The city has become famous Those who are engaged in the business of being a child.——Pu Songling of the Qing Dynasty, "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio·Promoting Weaving" 3. Used after the word time to mean "when." Example: ①In ancient times, the world was the main subject, and the king was the guest.——" "Ming Yi Waiting for Interviews" ② Today, Xiang Zhuang draws his sword and dances, the meaning is always Peigong. - "Hongmen Banquet" 4. Place it after the numeral. Example: ① Maybe it is different from the two, why? ——"Yueyang Tower" ②This number is also a danger for soldiers. Particle 1. Used in hypothetical complex sentences or causal complex sentences to indicate a pause to prompt the following. Example: ①The reason why ministers leave relatives to serve the emperor is to admire the emperor's high status. Righteousness. - "The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" ② Those generals and officials who dare to say that they should welcome Cao Cao are the same as this case! ——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" 2. Placed at the end of an interrogative sentence to express a question. Example: Who? It can also be divided into upper and lower. 3. To form some kind of phrase with words like "ruo", or used alone to express comparison, which is equivalent to ".like" or ".like". Example: ①Looking at it, I feel nothing. A person with extraordinary abilities.——Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty, "The Donkey of Guizhou" ②In other words, the appearance seems to be very similar.——Pu Songling of the Qing Dynasty, "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" 4. Put it after the subject to draw out the judgment. It forms "the person" .
The structure of "ye". Example: Chen Shengzhe, a native of Yangcheng.——"Historical Records·Chen She Family" Uncommon/uncertain meaning 1. (Unsure, although many versions have translated it into this meaning , but it cannot be found in the "Commonly Used Dictionary of Ancient Chinese", it may have the same meaning as the particle 1) placed after the subject to elicit the reason. Example: ① Ran Cao Sui can defeat Shao, and the weak is the strong, not only the weather, It is also a human conspiracy. ② And those who live in Anling for fifty miles are just because you have a husband. ③ The beauty of my wife is my private self. ④ A crab kneels down with two claws, and there is no place for it other than a snake and eel's cave. Those who use it are impatient. 2. The (uncertain) particle is placed in a hypothetical complex sentence to express a hypothesis, which is equivalent to "if." , the country will perish. ②Those who fail to reach it despite their ambitions can have no regrets. ③Those who don’t, will be captured if they belong to everyone. 3. (Uncertain) is placed at the end of the statement to indicate the end of the statement. Example: ①Send When we arrived at the mouth of the lake, we could observe the so-called stone bell. ② When the first minister untied the ox, he saw nothing but the ox. 4. (uncommon meaning) Tong "ye":----"Han Feizi·Eight Classics": "There is no seriousness in taking up tasks... and selflessness in being an official."[4] "Shuo Yuan·Zheng Ye Li": "There are no gentlemen in Lu, so how can we choose this." It is also interpreted as "zhe" in ancient books. The words "Zhe" and "Ye" can be used interchangeably... 5. What does classical Chinese mean: a popular explanation
The first word "文" in "Classical Chinese" means beautiful; the second The word "yan" means writing, expressing, recording, etc.; the last word "wen" means works, articles, etc., indicating the type of literature. It can be seen that "classical Chinese" means "beautiful". "Language articles" are also called linguistic articles.
Mr. Wang Li, a famous language writer and educator, pointed out in "Ancient Chinese": "Classical Chinese refers to the ancient Chinese written language based on the spoken language of the Pre-Qin Dynasty and Later generations of writers imitated the language in their works. Classical Chinese, that is, articles written in classical Chinese, is the ancient classical Chinese works and the works that imitated them in the past dynasties. As a stereotyped written language, classical Chinese has been used for two to three thousand years, starting from the pre-Qin Dynasty. Scholars, Han Dynasty poetry, historical prose, Tang and Song Dynasty ancient prose, Ming and Qing eight-part essays...all belong to the scope of classical Chinese. In other words, classical Chinese is the written language of ancient China and the source of modern Chinese. 6. The specific meaning of classical Chinese. Or what does it mean
"Classical Chinese" is relative to "vernacular Chinese".
The first "wen" means a written article. "Yan" means writing, expressing, recording, etc. "Classical Chinese" refers to written language. "Classical Chinese" is relative to "oral language", and "oral language" is also called "vernacular". The last "wen" means works, articles, etc., indicating the type of literature.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". "Vernacular" means: "articles written in commonly used straightforward spoken language."
In ancient my country, there were differences between expressing the same thing in spoken language and written language. For example, if you wanted to ask someone if they had eaten, you would express it in spoken language, "Have you eaten?" ?", and expressed in book language, it is "Fan?" "Fanfou" is classical Chinese. In ancient my country, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
Classical Chinese is the treasure of Chinese culture, and the ancients left us a large number of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a large role in middle school Chinese courses.
What is classical Chinese?
1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. This is certainly true. The main body of Chinese traditional culture is classical Chinese. It can be seen that the history of China's modern civilization is still very short, and it is still necessary to deconstruct or interpret traditional culture for modernization, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely words. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and Oracle is also knowledge, so why not learn Oracle? By the way, it is precisely because oracle bone inscriptions are more primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further learning of traditional advanced writing (study) such as oracle bone inscriptions.
3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. Chinese expressions, descriptions, combinations, transformations, metaphors, metaphors, deductions... fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in the expression of ideas.
Master the physical structure of classical Chinese and have a deeper understanding of modern Chinese, and you will have "laws" to follow for the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the opposite of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of the word is this: classical Chinese-文. The first "wen" is "writing" and "yan" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It illustrates two meanings: first, it indicates that the classical Chinese text is a kind of language; second, this language was later literalized. "Literalized" language also has two meanings: first, a culture that can have language but no writing, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language but no writing; second, the language function withdraws from life and becomes history in the form of writing.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: a style of language that has been written down. The "wen" at the back refers to the style of writing.
So apart from archaeological research, does classical Chinese have any "future"? In other words, what other application value does it have in life? I think there is. When the traditional form of life fades into modern society, it is only that people ignore the social life in some marginal areas, which causes modern applications to doubt or ignore classical Chinese. For example, in religious construction, some inscriptions are still written in classical Chinese, written in calligraphy, and engraved using tools. This is also the case for most applications of seal script.
The term "classical Chinese" can also encompass the cultural and historical relationship between language and writing. In a certain form, once a certain language - including dialects - is "wen" or literalized, that is, written, the charm of its language is suddenly reduced, while the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and is closely related to life, language has not yet entered a cultural state. It is a preservation of life experience and does not have the extended performance of words.
In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did people in ancient times also say this? I think this can be "feeled" by the difference in expression between written language and spoken language in the present tense. There is no big difference in structure and rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech was just more casual and more popular than classical Chinese. The "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for when we read classical Chinese today, of course it does not mean that we are repeating what the ancients said, but that we are reciting or silently reading a literary style.
When reading classical Chinese, you feel a very clear line of thought, just like occasionally reading the works of Western philosophers, which has the solemnity it deserves. 7. What is classical Chinese?
Classical Chinese is relative to "vernacular Chinese".
The first "文" means a written article. "Yan" means to write, express, record, etc. "Classical Chinese" refers to written language. "Classical Chinese" is relative to "oral language", and "oral language" is also called "vernacular". The last "wen" means works, articles, etc., indicating the type of literature.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". "Vernacular" means: "articles written in commonly used straightforward spoken language."
In ancient my country, there were differences between expressing the same thing in spoken language and written language. For example, if you wanted to ask someone if they had eaten, you would express it in spoken language, "Have you eaten?" ?", and expressed in book language, it is "Fan?" "Fanfou" is classical Chinese. In ancient my country, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
Classical Chinese is the treasure of Chinese culture, and the ancients left us a large number of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a large role in middle school Chinese courses.