Four comparisons:
1. Compare the wealth of the rich children with the author's own poverty.
2. Compare the superior learning conditions of Taipei students with the poor learning conditions of the author himself.
3. The contrast between the teacher’s severity and my own humility.
4. Comparison of the author’s learning attitude and learning conditions.
The function is to draw conclusions from the contrast, which is clear and convincing. It can also highlight the value of hard work, perseverance and devout study under poor living conditions.
"Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang" is a preface written by Song Lian, a writer in the Ming Dynasty. In this preface, the author narrates his personal experience of humbly asking for advice and studying diligently in his early years. He vividly and concretely describes the difficulty of borrowing books to seek teachers and the hardship of running around in hunger and cold. He also makes a rough comparison with the superior conditions of Taipei students. A strong indication of whether academic achievement can be achieved.
It mainly depends on subjective efforts, not on the level of talent and conditions, so as to encourage young people to cherish a good reading environment and concentrate on their studies. The full text has a rigorous structure and detailed details. It uses comparative reasoning and intersperses detailed descriptions in the narrative, making it vivid and touching to read.
Extended information:
1. Creation background
In the eleventh year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1378), the second year after Song Lian retired from old age and returned to his hometown, he responded to the imperial edict from his hometown. Pujiang (Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province) went to Yingtian (today's Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) to pay homage, and Ma Junze, a junior from the same town, came to visit. Song Lian wrote this preface to introduce his own learning experience and attitude to encourage others to be diligent.
2. Related Appreciation
The article is natural, but the internal structure is very strict and compact. Originally, the object of the article was the main body of the article. However, the article leaves the subject aside. It starts with oneself, then calmly proceeds from oneself to others, and finally talks about the recipient of the gift.
It seems careless, but in fact it is ingenious. In the deep structure of the article, there is a close internal relationship between the subject and the object. It is always directed at the subject and takes care of the subject everywhere. This avoids the shortcomings of ordinary preface articles that are blunt and blunt, making the article euphemistic, implicit, and meaningful.
In the writing, the technique of contrast and contrast was successfully used, so that there is contrast between the left and right, and the front and back are taken care of. The article shows strictness in the leisure, "the fish and the fish are elegant, and the self-control is measured". This is also very impressive.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Preface to Dongyang Ma Sheng