"The national color is full of wine, and the clothes are dyed at night." Peony's national beauty and fragrance have been praised by people since ancient times. The cultivation history of Zhuang Dan was recorded as early as the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the cultivation techniques of peony had made great progress. In the Tang Dynasty, peony was more beautiful and was known as the "Flower King". "Spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease. I watch Chang 'an flowers all day. "The Chang 'an flowers here are peony flowers. The Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing and planted peonies everywhere in Gokurakuji. In the Qing Dynasty, a prince went to Gokurakuji to see peonies and wrote a plaque with the words "National Flower Temple". It can be seen that as early as the Qing Dynasty, Zhuang Dan had been crowned as the national flower.
China's world peony cocoon sound, Darwin in his book "Origin of Species", also takes artificial cultivation of China peony to create new varieties as an example, as the demonstration material of natural selection and artificial selection theory. People all over the world cherish peony very much. In the eighth century, China peony was introduced to Japan, 1330 to France, 1656 to Holland and 1820 to the United States. So far, China Peony has been cultivated in more than 20 countries.
Peony is inseparable from China culture. It is said that Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty was drunk in winter and blossomed, but Wei Zhuangdan resisted and was demoted to Luoyang. This made Luoyang courageous and won the reputation of "the best in the world". It can also be seen that peony is not afraid of arrogance, power and adversity, which is in line with the special integrity of the Chinese nation. In the Ming Dynasty, the peony in Cao Zhou (Puze) once again flourished and won the reputation of "the hometown of peony".
Early:
First, Yang Di and Peony.
In 604, Yang Di Yang Guang succeeded to the throne and established Xiyuan in Luoyang, the eastern capital. Yang Di is curious about flowers and stones. He has searched for Jiangnan three times. And sent people to plant peony collected from all over the country in Xiyuan. According to records, Emperor Yang Di divided the land into 200 miles for the West Garden and ordered flowers to enter the world. Yizhou entered twenty peony plants, feilaihong and yuanjiahong. Drunk, Yun Hong, Tianwaihong, Yifuhuang, Yan, Xianchunhong, Jifengjiao and other rare varieties. In the royal gardens, peonies were planted in large quantities, which is the first time in history, which shows that Emperor Yang Di loved peonies.
Second, Yang Guifei and Peony
Yang Guifei is especially good at peony. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, the imperial court began to attach importance to peony, and planted several kinds of peony in front of Xingqing East Chenxiang Temple and Lishan Palace. When the flowers first opened, Yang Guifei took the ladies-in-waiting to visit the flower viewing room, and she was intoxicated. The Five Dynasties said, "At the beginning of Yang, because of the imperial concubine's special favor, I gave several peony plants and planted them at home." Because the imperial concubine likes peony, Tang also gave it to her brother as a pet.
Three. Wu Zetian and Peony
Wu Zetian is the only female emperor in the history of China, a famous politician in the Tang Dynasty, and a native of Wenshui County, Bingzhou.
There is a legend in history that Wu Zetian demoted peony to Luoyang, describing Wu Zetian as a tyrant. In fact, she is a very emotional person, especially good at peony in the county. According to Shu's Preface to Peony, "Xihe, the hometown of Tianhou, is a fragrant house with peonies under it. Its flowers are unique, and Tianhou (the field at that time) lamented the lack of the garden, so it was transplanted because of fate. " This shows that the peony in Wu Zetian's hometown has a long history, and the county variety is "unique", which has surpassed many varieties in Beijing. So I moved the rare species from my hometown to the capital.
Later, when Wu Ze established the God Capital of Wu Zhou in Luoyang, it was reasonable to bring some peonies from Chang 'an to Luoyang.
Four. Ouyang Xiu and Peony
Ouyang Xiu, whose real name is Yongshu, is a drunkard and a native of Ling (now Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province). He is good at prose and poetry and is known as one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. When he was an official in Luoyang, he found that "the custom in Luoyang is that flowers are as good as flowers. In spring, there is nothing expensive in the city to arrange flowers." When the flowers bloom, the literati are traveling. "At this time, Luoyang City is full of peonies in both people's homes and official courtyards. Ou Gong was greatly moved, so he visited the people all over the world and made a detailed investigation on the history, cultivation, varieties, customs and people's feelings of Luoyang Peony. This is the first peony monograph in China.
Five, Zhou and Peony
Zhou was born in Yinzhou (now Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province). Huang Song is a scholar, who served as a judge in Jinghu South Road. Zhou JaeHee Ning passed by Luoyang in March of the third year, "Fine column garden, enjoying peony". Yuan Feng came to Luoyang again in four years, and saw Li Deyu's "Plants and Plants in Pingquan Mountain", Ouyang Xiu's "Luoyang Peony" and so on. According to these written records, he searched for different flowers everywhere in Luoyang, and Yuan Feng wrote "Luoyang Peony" in February of five years.
Six, Lu You and Peony
Lu You was born in Yinshan, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing). An outstanding poet, historian, calligrapher, patriotic general and national hero in Song Dynasty.
When he was an official in Sichuan, he visited Shan Jingshan and local folks in Peng County of Sichuan many times in the spring, saying, "Peony is in Zhongzhou, and Luoyang is the first; In Shu, it was the first one. The flowers in Tian Peng are unknown, and there are nearly a hundred kinds of flowers. Later, he wrote a Book of Peony in Tian Peng.
Seven, Liu Yuxi and Peony
Liu Yuxi, a native of Luoyang, was born in Zhongshan (Dingxian County, Hebei Province). He was once a guest of Prince Luoyang, also known as Liu Binke, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. In many of his poems, there are many praises for peony, among which "Appreciating Peony" is famous all over the world:
The peony in front of the courtyard is enchanting and gorgeous but lacking in bones, and the lotus in the pool is elegant, clean and boring.
Only the peony is the real beauty, which attracted countless people to appreciate at the flowering stage and alarmed the whole Chang 'an City.
Eight, Bian Shi ginseng and peony.
Bian Shi, a native of Qiaofeng, Suzhou, was a great senator who was an official in Shaanxi during the Song Dynasty. Being an honest official won the hearts of the people. At the end of the Song Dynasty, Yuan people invaded and the Southern Song Dynasty was defeated, so they retreated to Gusu City. Later, in order to avoid chaos, the whole family moved to dongpu town, Yancheng (now Biancang Town) and planted two peonies at home. This is now the "dead peony".
According to Yancheng County Records and Bian Shi Genealogy, "Bian Shi's ancestors took the meaning of two-color peony, but when planting flowers, they took red to show their sincere loyalty to the country; Take the white ones to show that the officials are clean and honest. "
Nine, Song single father and peony
Song single father, word Zhongru, Tang Kaiyuan, Luoyang, a famous peony grower, tasted thousands of kinds of peony, and fought with red and white. Called by the emperor to Mount Li, he planted 10,000 peonies with different varieties and names. The emperor gave him 1200 gold, and everyone who moved to the palace called him a gardener.
X. Darwin and peony
Charles Darwin, a British naturalist and evolutionist, made a serious study on the evolution of China peony, and in his masterpiece The Origin of Species, he wrote down an example of China's artificial cultivation of peony as an argument for his biological evolution theory.
Xi。 Cixi and Peony
Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty was influenced by the national culture since childhood and liked peony very much. Many peonies are planted in the Royal Garden and other gardens in the Forbidden City. Just when she was "listening to politics", she designated peony as the national flower and built a national flower platform in the Summer Palace.
Twelve, Mulan and Peony
Mulan is said to be a native of Yan 'an Garden Village in Sui and Tang Dynasties. She is a well-known heroine, who fought against the enemy to protect the border and joined the army for her father, which will last forever. On her return from ten years of strong men, she passed by Luoyang and Chang 'an and saw many beautiful peonies planted by local farmers, so she collected seeds and planted them alone on Wanhua Mountain. Her hometown is at the foot of Wanhua Mountain.
Thirteen, Pu Songling and Peony
Pu Songling, a famous writer and thinker in Qing Dynasty, was good at exposing the dark side of reality with "ghosts and gods" novels and compiled Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. The style of writing is fluent and profound, among which two novels, Jin Ge and Xiang Yu, with peony as the theme, use flowers to describe immortals and immortals to describe people. The article has high appreciation value and historical value.
XIV. Zhou Jiaqi and Peony
Zhou Jiaqi is a famous peony expert in contemporary China and the head of the flower teaching and research group of Beijing Forestry College. He devoted his whole life to the research of peony, and the research of peony peony flower pattern won the second prize of the Ministry of Forestry.
After the death of 1986, Liu Shumin, Wu, Qin Kuijie and other comrades of the Peony Research Group of the Department of Landscape Architecture of Beijing Forestry College compiled the book Peony, which wrote a glorious page for peony research in China.
Fifteen, Yu Heng and Peony
Yu Heng, a contemporary peony expert in China, is now a professor at Shandong Agricultural University. He has been devoted to the research of China peony, mainly Heze peony and Luoyang peony, and personally visited Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. He is the author of Cao Zhou Peony, Heze Peony and Peony Flower.
Sixteen, Zhai Shuxun and Peony
Zhai Shuxun, a horticulturist in Henan Province, a peony expert and a native of Xingyang, was once a member of Luoyang CPPCC, a director of Henan Horticultural Society and an engineer of Luoyang Peony Park. He made great contributions to the restoration and development of Luoyang peony. He has been engaged in the cultivation and research of peony all his life and knows the varieties of peony like the back of his hand. In his later years, his eyesight declined due to eye diseases, but he still borrowed practical experience accumulated in the past. As long as he touches the leaves or buds of peony with his hands, he will know what kind it is. Familiar with more than 200 varieties, praised by peers as "contemporary living peony spectrum"
Peony is also known as aunt mouse, deer leek, white velvet, wood peony, white jade brocade, Luoyang flower, rich flower and "king of flowers". Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica says: "Sedan is the best peony. Although it is seeded and raised, it is called peony. " Peony is a deciduous shrub of Paeonia in Ranunculaceae, with more than 30 species. The peonies planted in modern gardens are all evolved and hybridized from primitive peonies. Peony is known as the king of flowers because of its colorful and elegant appearance. People in China regard peony as a symbol of human peace, happiness, prosperity and abundance. Peony not only has high ornamental value, but also has very important medicinal value. Peony root and peony bark are precious Chinese herbal medicines. Cao Zhou, an ancient Heze native, is known as "leading county" and "international metropolis". Here is rich in products, outstanding people, and history will never be lost. Peony has been cultivated in Cao Zhou for hundreds of years. In Song Dynasty, Luoyang was the main producing area of peony. Since then, the planting center has moved to Cao Zhou. Up to now, there are hundreds of peony varieties and thousands of acres of peony fields in Heze. Every year around Grain Rain, Cao Zhou Peony meets strangers, which is spectacular and can be called the best in China.
But there is no specific information about the establishment of the national flower, and peony has become a popular reference in people's minds.