Su Shi is an outstanding writer, painter and calligrapher with outstanding talent and profound knowledge. His bold and unconstrained poems are unique, highly respected at that time and later generations, and have been passed down for thousands of years. Calligraphy is good at running script and regular script, full of pen, changeable and interesting. However, politically, he was not as successful and smooth as in literature and art, and was relegated to remote areas many times. Once framed by political opponents, he accused the emperor of writing poems, so he was imprisoned for 130 days. Fortunately, he was rescued from death by the Queen Mother and several important officials, but he was exiled to Huangzhou in the south and lived a semi-exile life.
In the third year of Huangzhou, on a bleak spring day, he wrote a poem describing his miserable mood. After the completion of the poem, a large piece of white paper was paved again, and it was written as a masterpiece of calligraphy handed down from generation to generation, Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post. The poem is exquisite and poetic, and Su Shi's Strange Stone of Dead Trees is very infectious. And these 24 120 words, with varied stroke lines, will always synthesize a profound and exciting artistic conception of calligraphy corresponding to poetry.
At the beginning, the strokes of the first few words are gentle, and the spacing between words is well-proportioned. However, the folding of the pen and the words and lines on the side show inner anxiety, which indicates the coming waves at the bottom of the pen. Sure enough, in the second word of the second line, the last vertical painting is written as a sword, which draws a large void, but this void has great enrichment-that is, it can be a boundless feeling of "Sai Man Cang, Miliuhe".
The plate we saw was only part of the book. The main idea of the last few lines of the poem is: I also want to go back to Beijing, but the military gate is nine times deeper; I also want to go back to my hometown, but the graves of my relatives are thousands of miles away, so it's hard to do so! These words are large and small, and the contrast is strong, which shows his intense anxiety and anger, as well as his confusion and sadness about the future. The whole calligraphy not only shows the beauty of results, static beauty and local beauty. The change of stippling's form, strength, speed, reality, density, fluctuation, passage and rhythm shows the beauty of dynamics, means and process, which is a coherent, unified, natural and harmonious whole beauty.
Su Shi wrote many poems on paintings. There are some arguments that clearly express their intention to run books: "Innocent romance is my teacher" and "I won't make books with my heart and ask questions". Innocent romance is my teacher. My calligraphy is written by imagination and creativity, not by traditional rules. I don't want to dwell on one painting after another. He once said that writing books can get the greatest happiness, and writing in his later years is more suitable than playing chess. In a friend's calligraphy postscript, he called his calligraphy "a game of real strokes". Su Shi also often paints. What he paints is often not the true shape of things, but the wood, stone, gully or block in his chest, which is a sign of his cynicism and pride and a thing outside of him.
Huang Tingjian is also a master of poetry and calligraphy. Being an official is also a kind of strength and adversity. He was demoted to a remote place several times and finally died in a relegated place. His calligraphy is tall and handsome, cheerful and changeable. There seems to be a centrifugal force in his writing and running script, which makes the lines spread outward and shows extraordinary strength. His "Weeds" surpassed the previous masters whom he imitated with great concentration. Please look at his "All Sitting Posts". There is a strong flavor of heroism, romance, simplicity and casualness in madness.
Huang Tingjian emphasized a word "rhyme" in his essays. He said: "All calligraphy and painting should be viewed by its rhyme." He doesn't think highly of those works that are full of energy but lack rhythm. Shi, he treats books as games. A friend pointed out in the postscript of one of his cursive scripts that when he was exiled to Sichuan, it was with the help of calligraphy games that he remained open-minded and happy.
Mifei is also good at poetry and painting. Wild at heart, who can't keep up with the world, is called "Mi Dian". This character is embodied in calligraphy, which becomes his running script and cursive script. Take his running script Tiaoxi Poems as an example.
Mifei's prose, like his works, also emphasizes nature, romance and elegance. His comments on predecessors' calligraphy also emphasized whether they met such standards. For example, he complained to Yan Zhenqing, who created a new situation in calligraphy in the middle Tang Dynasty, that his regular script was vulgar and had no natural interest, even though he had studied Yan Tizi for a long time in his youth. Shi and Huang Tingjian, he thinks that managing books is a game. He said, "What you want is drama, regardless of stupidity or work. I am self-sufficient and my pen is empty. " In short, writing is a game, so why consider ugliness or cleverness? As long as you are satisfied, put down the pen and the game is over. )
The reason why these three Song Dynasty calligraphy masters emphasized interest was influenced by the cultural trend of thought at that time, especially the aesthetic concept. Although the Song Dynasty followed the developed culture of the Tang Dynasty, the literati lacked the lofty sentiments and enterprising spirit of the people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty due to constant internal troubles and foreign invasion. It is difficult for them to realize their desire of "helping the world", but they also want to "be independent" and make up for their spiritual loneliness by engaging in the art of poetry. The poetic style of the Song Dynasty is contrary to the rich and mellow character of the Tang Dynasty, with more emphasis on the style of Leng Xiang and meaningful aftertaste. In painting, the landscapes, flowers and birds and natural scenery painted by the Tang people appear as the background of human activities, but the protagonists in the painting are ladies, cows and horses. The landscape paintings of Song Dynasty painters take natural scenery such as mountains and rivers as the main body of the picture, expressing the interest of life, which is another beautiful world that they are intoxicated with.
Therefore, in terms of calligraphy, Song people like running script best. It is a calligraphy style between regular script and cursive script. It is not so rigorous and solemn as regular script, nor so difficult to learn and recognize as cursive script. Therefore, it is the most convenient, the most peaceful, simple, leisurely and carefree mentality to express their feelings by operating books, and it is also the best way to realize their ideal of happiness in life.
There are similarities and differences between the Song people's interest in advocating Shang and the charm advocated by the Jin people. Both emphasize the pursuit of the beauty of artistic objects and the beauty of calligraphers' subjective interests, which are interlinked. But the narrow sense of charm coverage refers to a peaceful, indifferent, elegant, elegant and profound style; The connotation of interest is much broader. In addition to charm, it also has the meaning of freedom, boldness, frankness and passion. When playing art games, calligraphers get rid of fame and fortune and all human pressures, such as being unconstrained, chasing the wind and electricity, letting their feelings gallop, letting off steam, not afraid of dangers and strangeness, and not afraid of ferocity. In such a free moment, he gained the greatest feeling of poetic meaning and completed the best expression of poetic meaning. Therefore, the Song people took Jin as their teacher, but they were better than you in purport and skill. Comparing the running script, cursive script and Jin people of the Song Dynasty, it is not difficult to see that they came from behind.