Mr. Zhuang Peisen, a member of China Collectors Association, a director of Beijing Calligraphers Association, a member of Beijing Poetry Society and the head of the business department of Tang Ronghua Art Mall of Beijing Liulichang, explained the basic knowledge of painting and calligraphy collection to readers from three aspects: the knowledge of painting and calligraphy art, the matters needing attention in visiting antique market and the common sense of painting and calligraphy appraisal.
When collecting paintings and calligraphy, the first thing we encounter is how to distinguish authenticity and how to appreciate works. But we can't worry. Start from the basics, and get familiar with, learn, explore and accumulate step by step; Then sum up your own experience, sum up your own experience, and gradually you will be able to master the law. No matter what industry you are engaged in, you must start from scratch. As for appreciating calligraphy and painting, the same is true.
The first step in collecting calligraphy and painting is to know how to appreciate calligraphy and painting; The word appreciation contains two meanings: evaluation and appreciation. Let's talk about identification first.
To learn appraisal, we must first enrich our knowledge. Whether you like ancient calligraphy and painting or modern and contemporary calligraphy and painting, you can't do without corresponding knowledge. China has a history of 5,000 years of civilization, which has produced countless paintings and calligraphy works. We might as well look at some art history first, which is necessary, because it is necessary to cultivate in this respect to distinguish authenticity and appreciate advantages and disadvantages.
To enter the collection industry, we must first maintain a good attitude, which is what we often call "normal heart." Peace of mind is not possessed at the beginning, but gradually cultivated in Tibetan identity activities. In the face of a collection, only with peace of mind can we slowly taste the mystery. This mystery includes both good and bad aspects. Only by being calm can we make a proper evaluation and not be deceived.
Three basic skills of collection introduction
Learn some Jianghu terms first.
Know some jargon when collecting.
Every industry has its own jargon, especially the jargon with the traditional characteristics of China. That's what the collection world is like.
Open the door: evolved from idioms, which generally describe those genuine products that can be known at a glance without objection.
Play: Professionals call collectors "play". When we meet for the first time, we ask "What to play", which means what you collect.
Tuition payment: refers to the money spent on buying fake goods.
Fishing: a sales method of some savvy stall owners. The treasure of the town shop is deliberately exposed for sale, just to attract buyers to buy other goods (exhibits).
Leak detection: refers to the purchase of a "big open" collection at a lower price.
Tight price: insisting on high market price can be understood literally. Generally speaking, there are two reasons, one is to sell at a good price, and the other is to scare away customers.
Smart goods: a collection of good quality and low price. You must rely on your own eyes to buy smart goods.
New goods: No matter what the collection is, there is always something to rely on, even fakes. At this time, people in the industry will say "this thing is a little new" and save some face for the stall owner.
Appearance: As far as its products are concerned, the better the appearance, the higher the price.
Bug: In layman's terms, the collection at the bottom of the box can make the viewer shine, even a room full of collections can't compare with this. In other words, people who are very familiar with an industry and can exploit various loopholes.
Misunderstanding: refers to buying a collection or a fake that is not worth collecting at a higher price.
Zhangyan: I'm a novice in the field of collection and I don't know how to get started. If you ask the master for advice, the master will "palm your eyes" for you.
What kind of mentality should the collection maintain?
What is an antique? Simply put, it is: something for the elderly. Since it is a toy, it should mean "playing".
Since it's fun, it's inevitable to play some tricks. Poor sleep, inseparable is common. Su Dongpo said: "I am thinner and more precious than books, and I am more important than painting." That's what it means. Playing requires a mind, and the price of this mind should be calmness and composure.
On the Names of Various Parts of Painting and Calligraphy
When collecting, appraising and managing calligraphy and painting, we must have a comprehensive understanding of the names and terms of each part of calligraphy and painting.
1. Life paper: it is the paper holder of the painting heart. No matter whether the painting heart is paper or silk, there is a layer of paper holder. If the paper holder is removed, the painting heart will be dull and lifeless, hence the name "Life Paper".
2. The second layer: Uncovered supporting paper, sometimes filled in slightly evenly, can be called a real painter, also called "the second layer" and "soul", because this is the second layer of painting heart and the soul of life paper painting. Also known as "bastard", it means to confuse the real with the fake.
3. Give way: that is, there is a one-minute gap between the four sides of the painting center and the mounting edge. It's called "letting go".
4. Back cover: the whole paper after painting.
5. Barrier: On the top and bottom of the banner or before and after the hand scroll, the mounter adds a silk or silk with different colors, which is called "barrier" or "water barrier".
6. Poetry Hall: Draw the top of the heart straight and hang a piece of paper called "Poetry Hall". First, because the heart is short, it is more suitable after setting off; Second, in order to write poems and praise paintings, it is called "Poetry Hall", and some people call it "Fish Pond".
7. Painting pole: It is a round wooden pole used for rolling painting. The upper end is called "sky pole" and the lower end is called "ground pole".
8. Tripping: There are two silks or silks on both sides of the pole behind the frame, such as a gourd or a cloud-headed frame, which is called "tripping".
9. Wrap the head: that is, add a piece of silk or silk to the back of the first sleeve.
10. Draw a sign: A piece of paper named "Draw a sign" is attached to the top of the bag head, next to the pole. It can write the name of the author and the content of the painting, as well as the name, year and month of the collector.
1 1. Curved circle: it is the copper nose on the painting pole, which is used to tie the line.
12. Tie clip: it is the ribbon pushed in the middle of the scarf buckle, which is used to tie the painting axis.
13. Swallow Belt: It is the upper end of the mounter with two symmetrical straight belts, which are called "Swallow Belt".
Forms of works: banners, nave, fans, round lamps, long scrolls and cross-dressing. Units of calculation: feet and meters.
Seven Points for Attention in Introduction to Collection
Things are too cheap, so be absolutely vigilant.
Now there are many antique markets in the city, which are also frequented by collectors. However, because there are many replicas or imitations in the market, what should collectors who are new to the antique market pay attention to when buying collectibles?
One? Beware of absolute bargains.
Quite a few antiques on the market are "second-hand". If it is the top grade, the price is generally not too low. Cheap goods always have some problems, either fakes or damaged goods.
Two? Don't buy utensils with poor workmanship.
Some jade articles, bamboo wares, dental wares, horn wares, etc. If the sculptor is incompetent and not exquisite, it is generally made by shoddy or apprentices, and there is no need to collect it; Some inferior jade or jade-like stones are either dense and smooth, or there are many impurities and black spots in jade, so it is impossible to buy them without further appreciation.
Three? It is impossible to judge whether it is genuine or fake.
Although some antiques have been appraised by many parties, they still can't grasp their authenticity, so there is no need to buy them. For example, a famous painting and calligraphy will only show its value if it is recognized as an original, otherwise it will be worthless.
Four? Think more about antique collections.
The so-called "read more, think more and ponder more", especially pay attention to the production year and artistic modeling of antique collections. The year means that the longer the antique collection exists, the more valuable it is; Appreciating the artistic value is to see whether the collection is elegant and exquisite and whether it has high collection value.
Five? Don't jump to conclusions
Don't rush to talk about a fancy antique collection, it depends on whether this item is worth collecting and whether the price is moderate. If the price is much higher than the value, even the best antiques are not worth buying.
Six? Don't believe in "stories"
Vendors in the antique market usually tell stories about antique collections, and "Baby" can always tell vivid stories. Collectors should read more books to know the exact prices of all kinds of antiques, especially the identification knowledge of the authenticity of the collection, and don't be fooled by believing the "story". You know, most antiques with stories in the antique market are fakes.
Seven? Determine the collection target
Collectors should make clear the collection direction according to their own wishes. Once the goal is determined, they will work wholeheartedly, be willing to endure hardships and spend a lot of money to find rare treasures, believing that they will eventually become a real antique collector.
Common sense of recognition for the introduction to collection
Beware of all kinds of fraud.
(1) The appraisal of calligraphy and painting is based on the flavor of the times and the painter's personal style.
We talked about the above basic knowledge, and then briefly talked about the knowledge of calligraphy and painting appraisal.
Due to the development of the times, technologies such as paper, printing colors and mounting patterns are constantly changing. For example, calligraphy and painting paper, such as clean skin and three-layer jade plate, is still produced today, but the quality is quite different. Another example is printing color. Good printing colors are mostly made of mineral pigments, such as cinnabar and ruby powder, which can generally remain unchanged for hundreds of years. Regarding printing colors, different painters and painters like different colors, and there are also differences. Zhang Daqian's calligraphy and painting tools are all his own customized specialties, which are very particular. For this reason, he was criticized by many colleagues before liberation. But it is helpful for his calligraphy and painting appraisal. The style, material and technology of mounting also play an important role in identifying the authenticity of calligraphy and painting. These characteristics are the times breath and personal style of the painter and calligrapher.
(2) sealing
The characteristics of seals in different times are different, and the flavor of the times can be distinguished from the shape, seal characters, texture and printing color of seals. Most of the paintings and calligraphy in the Song Dynasty were not stamped with the author's name, and the materials were mainly copper and jade, which was different from other dynasties. Lithography was only used in the Yuan Dynasty, and "seal oil" was used in the Ming Dynasty, which is said to be represented by Shen Zhou. Some authors repair seals and oils, while others are in a mess.
(3) Paper and silk
Paper was mostly made of hemp in the Jin and Tang Dynasties (such as Luji's Smooth Sticker). Paper was very developed in Song Dynasty. Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang all wrote with cooked paper. In addition, it is necessary to know the classification of paper in different periods since the Ming Dynasty, such as when to start using woven paper, gold paper and Korean paper.
(four) calligraphy and painting inscriptions, labels and collection seals
Inscriptions are divided into contemporary and later generations, mostly praise or appreciation.
(5) Bibliography of painting and calligraphy
Review whether there are records, descriptions and evaluations of the collection.
(6) Mounting of calligraphy and painting, and the author's name, place of origin and year of birth and death.
The oldest existing decoration is from the Northern Song Dynasty, and each era has its own distinctive style.
(7) Various fraudulent acts.
1. Unintentional: like plagiarism.
2. False filling: digging, filling, filling and tracing.
3. Ask someone to write a ghost: such as Dong Qichang and Jin Nong.