First, the basic knowledge
1. About the preface and postscript style
Put it at the beginning of the volume as the preface, also known as the preface; Put it at the end of the volume as a postscript or a postscript.
Some prefaces are written by the author or editor himself, and some are written by others. Its content and function are mostly to explain the situation and purpose of writing or compiling, to elaborate some viewpoints, to introduce or evaluate works, etc.
Preface genres, some of which are similar to expositions, such as the preface of books, tables and biographies in Historical Records, are all mixed with feelings in discussion, summing up historical lessons and expressing the author's opinions and attitudes towards people and things. Ouyang Xiu compiled The History of the New Five Dynasties, among which The Biography of Lingguan belongs to this category.
Prefaces with more lyrical elements are mostly written for collections of poems. For example, Li Bai's "Preface to the Spring Banquet from My Brother's Peach and Plum Garden" and Wang Xizhi's "Preface to Lanting Collection".
Postorder or postscript is generally a supplement to preface, which is mostly simple and steep, not as detailed and rich as preface.
In addition, there was a kind of preface in ancient times, which was a kind of style of parting words. Such as Song Lian's Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang. It should be strictly distinguished from the book order.
2. Introduction to Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi (321? 379), a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. A native of Linyi (now Shandong), he lived in Shanyin, Huiji, Zhejiang. He used to be the civil history of the Right Army and the civil history of Kuaiji, so he was known as Wang Youjun. Gong calligraphy, especially good at regular script and running script. Book saint? . His "Preface to Lanting Collection" post is beautiful and vigorous. Commentators call it a pen gesture, thinking that it is like floating clouds and agile. . Known as? The best running script in the world? . Other influential works include Le Yi Lun and Seventeen Posts. His son, Wang Xianzhi, is also a famous calligrapher. His father and son are equally famous? Two kings? 、? Ersheng? .
3. Writing background
Trimming is an ancient custom. On the third day of the first three months of the lunar calendar (it was fixed as March 3 after Wei Dynasty), we went swimming by the water to eliminate the ominous, also known as? Spring? . It is said that on March 3rd, 9th year in Yonghe, Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was sunny and sunny, and the sky was clear. Wang Xizhi and 41 famous people at that time, such as Xie An and Sun Chuo, drank and sang songs in Lanting, Shanyin. In fact, it can also be regarded as their borrowing. Repair? A poetry meeting held in the name of. Celebrities and gentlemen, happy together, winding water, singing softly, very comfortable. Facing Gao Peng's best friend, Wang Xizhi wrote down? Unparalleled? The preface to the beauty of books and texts.
Second, the language of words
1. Although the interchangeable words
are different in interest, they are calm and different in interest, and look at the present from the present to the past
2. Different meanings in ancient and modern times
Maolin xiuzhu ancient: long today; What is the common meaning? Repair? 、? Decorate?
Rank next to ancient times: beside the water, beside the water, today: commonly used meaning is poor quality
or take the arms of ancient times: concurrently,? To? Harmony today: common meanings are numerous
I didn't know that old age was approaching ancient times: read zeng, but now: read zeng as a surname
rejoice in ancient times: past, original and present: common meanings are the direction
end in ancient times: to the present: no such meaning
I will also feel gentle and ancient: these articles today: common meanings are elegant, It also refers to culture or literati
3. Flexible use of parts of speech
A. Adjectives as nouns
A group of sages is a wise man
Young people who are young and long, Older people
B, adjectives as verbs
Qi Peng's mourning is regarded as equal to folly
C, nouns as verbs
playing around
Drinking
d, numerals as verbs
knowing that a dead life is regarded as a false birthday
4, The word
ranks next to the water
and occasionally orders Wu Guangzhi to be stationed in the temple next to it
Where the law of using troops is the first, the country is the second best, and the rest of the ships are in the second place
So if you are pregnant, your feelings will lead to
Those who cheat on horses are not good enough. However, it's impossible for a thousand miles to reach
poverty.
This person can be seen easily, but if he can't bend it, it will also lead to
there are mountains and mountains here, and the bamboo cultivation in Maolin is high.
The situation is short and short, and the final period is as long as possible.
Those who are lazy can't repair it, while those who are afraid of others' learning and progress
are stories and slanders. It's impossible to expect and demand
it will rain heavily, and the road is impassable. 5. Function words are used
so I'm happy, and one of them shows the reason
so I'm happy. Enough audio-visual entertainment to be used for
I know so far away from my son, I don't express the method
Look up at the size of the universe, look down at the category of the auxiliary words to express the attributive
I didn't know that I was old enough to be used between the subject and the predicate. Cancel the independence of sentences
and reach the goal of
every time you look at the reasons of the auxiliary words
3. Understanding and analysis
1. Structural context
(1) The grand occasion of the banquet
(1) Explain? Time, place, people and things
(2) Write the scenery? Mountains, forests, bamboo, water and climate;
(3) grand occasion? Swim, swim, swim
(4) Feeling? Believing in cola also
(2) makes people feel deeply
(1) The way of dealing with people
is static? Talk in one room
what's going on? Wandering
(2) expressing feelings with emotion
tinkering with the short, and ending in the end
death and life are also great
(3) making a clear preface
(1) denying nihilism's outlook on life that death and life are empty, and Qi Peng's mourning is a mistake?
(2) Those who follow the writing motivation will feel gentle.
2. Understanding key sentences
? I am delighted with it, and between pitching, it has become a thing of the past. I still have to be happy with it, and the situation will be improved. ?
? Glad to it? What I liked before, that is, what I liked before? Le? Things; ? Between pitching, it's a thing of the past? , saying that its previous pleasures have become a thing of the past in an instant; ? I can't help but be happy with it. For double negation, it means that you can't help feeling it; ? What's the matter? What's the end? What's more, regardless of the length of life, it is inevitable to die after all?
Is the whole sentence a useful sentence? What's more, the complex sentence of the related progressive relationship.
First, this sentence is associated with people today from Lanting party? When he was happy with what he met, he was temporarily satisfied with himself and quickly became self-sufficient. Did he ever know that old age was coming? And? And what they are tired of. Emotions move with the times, what is the emotional department? Two attitudes; The second is to? What's the matter? What's the end? , lead out? Life and death? The discussion center of this full text.
? A dead life is a false birthday, and Qi Peng's ruin is a mistake. ?
? Dead or alive? Qi Peng? It is Zhuang Zhou's view of life and death. ? Fang sheng dies, Fang sheng dies? The world is no greater than the end of autumn, while Mount Tai is small; Mo Shou died, but Peng Zu died. ? Zhuangzi believes that there is no absolute boundary between life and death, long life and short life, and they are relative. This book is good, but he exaggerates relativity, so that he denies the difference between life and death and thinks that life and death are the same. Peng Zu, who is 8 years old, is no different from those who died young, which is obviously absurd. In the third paragraph, the author introduces Confucius. Life and death are also great? Point of view, to the ancients, present and future generations all for impermanence and make a matter of life and death sigh, to illustrate Zhuangzi? Dead or alive? Qi Peng? The absurdity.
3. Writing characteristics
(1) The perfect combination of narration, description, lyricism and discussion
The first paragraph of narration and description, the second and third paragraphs of discussion and lyricism. First narrate the grand meeting of Lanting, describe the landscape, and then turn from joy to sorrow to discussion on life and death, expressing feelings. Writing practice is natural.
(2) Taking advantage of the topic, I have a lofty idea.
The Lanting Collection is a collection of poems for the banquet, and the author shows his view on life and death by writing a preface for it. And criticized that there was a nihilistic tendency at that time, which advocated metaphysics. Make this article ambitious and extraordinary.
IV. Supplementary development
1. Supplementary notes
(1)? Life and death are also great? : the language "Zhuangzi. De chong fu:? Zhong Ni said:? Life and death are also great, and we must not change with them; Although heaven and earth fall, they will not be left behind; The trial is not false and does not move with things, and it is also a matter of life and keeping its Sect. ? Tao is the master of all things, and it will not change with external things (including human life and death).
(2)? Dead or alive? Qi Pengyi? Not Zhuangzi's exact words. Zhuangzi's original words are:? Give evil to know the husband, and the deceased will not regret it. It began with Qi (praying) and was born in Mo Shou's son, while Peng Zu died. ? (See Zhuangzi. Theory of Homology)
(3) Where did it start? This article has? Think it's a waste of water? Sentence. In ancient China, there was an elegant custom of drinking while drinking and reciting poems and songs. At the source of the river, the current is shallow and small, and only the glass can float. Xunzi. Zidao:? The river of the past originated from Mount Emei, and its origin can be traced back to its origin. ? Then use this as a metaphor for the beginning of things. For example, ballads in Chu Ci can be regarded as the origin of five-character poems in China.
2. Knowledge expansion
(1) East bed? Wang Dao, a famous figure in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is Wang Xizhi's uncle, and Liu Yuxi's poem Wuyixiang says: The swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie an have now flown into the homes of ordinary people. ? The king refers to Wang Dao's family. Book of Jin. Wang Xizhi's Biography:? Qiu Chi Jian asked his protege to ask his son-in-law to guide him (Wang Dao), and the guide ordered him to visit his children in the East Chamber. When his protege returned, he called Chi Jian:? Wang's few are good. However, when I heard the letter, I was salty and reserved. I was the only one who ate in the east bed, but I didn't smell it. ? Jian yue:? It is this good husband and evil! ? Visiting it is also a good thing. So I married my wife. ? Later, I called my son-in-law? East bed? , also called? Open your stomach? .
(2) Preface to Lanting? Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, loved Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. After trying every means to get the preface to Lanting, I can't put it down, often? Watch it in the morning and evening? . In the ten years of Zhenguan, Feng Chengsu, Yu Shinan, Yan Suiliang and others were asked to copy and expand ten books to reward the recent ministers. After his death, his original works were brought into Zhaoling as funerary objects. So what we are seeing now is a first-class copy of the Tang Dynasty. Feng Chengsu's copy is the most realistic and influential in the Tang Dynasty. Is the year number of Tang Zhongzong Li Xian printed before and after the post? Dragon? Half a print, so it is also called? Dragon Ben? .
(3) Read Wang Bo's Preface to Tengwang Pavilion after class, and compare the similarities and differences between the two prefaces.