Part of the Bai family tree continues to this day.
Migration and distribution of Bai nationality in history
During the pre-Qin period, Bai mainly lived in Shaanxi, Hubei and Henan. From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, due to the participation of the Bai nationality in the western regions and northwest China, the Bai nationality in eastern Gansu and west of the Yellow River in Qinghai later entered Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia and northwest Sichuan, and soon moved to the Central Plains eastward and southward. Shandong in the east and Guangxi in the south have already distributed Bai. In the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the Bai surname was basically distributed in the north and south of the Yangtze River, and the main body was still in Sichuan and northwest China. Bai entered Taiwan at the end of the Ming Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, there were about 90,000 Bai people, accounting for 0. 1 1% of the national population, ranking behind 120. Shaanxi is the largest province with Bai surname, accounting for about 32% of the total population in China. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Shaanxi and Sichuan, which account for 62% of the total population of the Bai nationality, followed by Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Anhui and other provinces. The distribution center of Bai surname is in the west, forming two major Bai surname gathering areas, Qinchuan Gold in the west and Lu Yu Anhui in the east, and the main body of Bai surname is in the northwest.
During the Ming Dynasty, there were about 6.5438+0.9 million people surnamed Bai, accounting for 0.2% of the national population, ranking 92nd. Shanxi is the largest province with Bai surname, accounting for about 24.4% of the total population of Bai surname. The distribution of Bai surnames in China is mainly concentrated in Shanxi, Jiangsu, Hebei and Shaanxi, accounting for about 59% of the total population of Bai surnames. Secondly, it is distributed in Fujian, Shandong, Jiangxi and Henan provinces. During the 600-odd years of Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the population of Bai mainly migrated to the east, southeast and south, forming two gathering places of Bai in China, namely, Qin, Jin, Hebei in the north and Jiangsu in the east. ? Distribution and atlas of contemporary Bai surname
The contemporary population of Bai surname has reached 2.8 million, ranking 79th in China, accounting for about 0.22% of the national population. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces, accounting for about 50% of the total population of Bai, followed by Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Yunnan, and these six provinces and regions account for 26% of the population of Bai. Henan is the largest province with 16% of the total population of Bai surname. Henan, Hebei and Qin Jin, the two largest areas where Bai people live, have been formed in China. The schematic diagram of the distribution frequency of Bai surname in the population shows that in most areas of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, eastern and western Henan (such as Suixian), most areas of Hebei, Beijing-Tianjin area, central Inner Mongolia, the border area between Hebei and Mongolia, northwest Hubei, northern Sichuan and southern Yunnan, the proportion of Bai surname in the local population is generally above 0.6%, and the central region can reach above 65,438 0.6%, covering an area of about the above areas. In Sichuan, eastern Henan, northwestern Anhui, western Shandong, northeastern Hebei and northwestern China, the proportion of white surnames in the local population is generally between 0.4% and 0.6%. The above-mentioned areas account for 16.2% of the country's total area, and about 25% of the Bai people live there.
White distribution
Yiyang, Gongyi, Zhengzhou, Xinzheng, Qinyang and other places. In addition, Bai Juyi moved to Shandong in the Qin and Han Dynasties, such as from the East China Sea to Lanling in the Western Han Dynasty; During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, some people moved to Ningxia, Gansu and Guangxi, such as Wei 'anxi people in Bai Xiaode in the Tang Dynasty, and Bai Song was called Maping people. During the Song and Ming Dynasties, it was also distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Fujian, Hebei and some places in the northeast and northwest. Since the Qing Dynasty, Fujian people and Guangdong Bai people moved to Taiwan Province Province, and then to Singapore and other countries. The early Bai family was mainly distributed in Qin, Chu and Wei. During the Warring States Period, Bai Qi (now Meixian County, Shaanxi Province), a famous general of Qin State, won many battles. In 278 BC, he conquered Du Ying, the State of Chu, and was forced to commit suicide. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he named his son Zhong Bai in Taiyuan because of his merits, and his descendants were from Taiyuan.
The Book of the New Tang Dynasty says that Bai Qi is a descendant of Bai, and The Second Family Style of Tai Yuan Bai says that Bai Qi is a descendant of Bai. Zhong Bai, the 23rd Sun Baiyong, was appointed as the Northern Wei satrap, and the 5th Sun Baijian, a minister of five soldiers in the Northern Qi Dynasty, was awarded the title of Tian Hancheng for his work. Bai Wen, the great-grandson of Bai Jian, was appointed as a school official in the Tang Dynasty and moved to the lower corner of Huazhou (now the northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi). His sixth son, Zhong Bai, was appointed as an official of Gongxian County and lived in Zhengzhou. He gave birth to five sons, each of whom was scattered in all directions with his officials. Bai, his eldest son, was appointed as a driver in Xiangzhou and gave birth to four sons. The second son is Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi lived in Xiangshan, Luoyang in his later years and became the ancestor of Bai's move to Luoyang. His descendants spread to Yanshi, Yichuan, Yiyang, Gongyi, Zhengzhou, Xinzheng and Qinyang in Henan. In addition, Bai Juyi moved to Shandong during the Qin and Han Dynasties. For example, in the Western Han Dynasty, he was a native of Lanling in the East China Sea (now southwest of Cangshan County, Shandong Province); During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, some people moved to Ningxia, Gansu and Guangxi. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Bai Xiaode was from Anxi (east of Lintan County, Gansu Province) and Bai Song was from Maping (Liuzhou, Guangxi). At this time, people with other surnames changed their surnames to Bai.
Bai Juyi is the most outstanding figure in the achievements of Bai culture. He was a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, a senior minister of the Ministry of Punishment, and actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, advocating that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things"; It's called "History of Poetry". In addition, there were two Bai Gui in the Warring States period, one was a trade theorist and the other was a water conservancy expert. Bai Yuju, a native of Lingwu (now Ningxia) in Sui Dynasty, rose in the ninth year of Daye (6 13), and the number of insurgents has grown to tens of thousands. In the Tang Dynasty, there were writers Bai Xingjian (Bai Juyi's younger brother) and Bai Minzhong, the prime minister of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Five generations later, there was a China secretary named Bai. Bai Pu, one of the four masters of Yuan Dynasty's zaju, is represented by Up the Wall. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was a general of the Red Scarf Army who didn't believe it. There was a water conservancy expert Bai Ying in Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, there were calligraphers Bai and famous officials Bai Zhuntai. In modern times, there were Bai Lang, the leader of peasant armed uprising in western Henan, Bai Yukun, a geographer, and Bai Chongxi, minister of Guangxi Department of Kuomintang.
Today, Bai is the 73rd surname in China, which is not only the most popular surname of Han nationality, but also has a large population among Hui and Mongolian.