Cao Cao
The tomb of Cao Cao in Anyang has been identified as a real tomb by archaeologists since it was excavated, but the discussion about its "authenticity" has never stopped in the past decade ... Now, we might as well study this historical mystery that has been unsolved for thousands of years!
On February 27th, 2009, 65438+2009, the archaeological community in China recognized Cao Cao as the tomb owner of the south of Xigaoxue Village, Anfeng Township, Anyang City, Henan Province. This location is also12km west of Ye Bei, the capital of Cao Cao. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao died in Luoyang in 220 AD, and the coffin was buried on the hill west of Ximen Bao Temple in Yecheng.
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Exploration: Epitaph reveals the Millennium mystery of Cao Meng Gong's tomb!
The discovery of Cao Cao's tomb in Anyang originated from a villager named Xu on April 23, 1998. When he was digging, he found the "epitaph of Lu Qian" (written in the late Zhao Dynasty from the Jin Dynasty to the Sixteen Kingdoms period). The epitaph is made of bluestone, with a height of 20.7 cm and a width of 3 1.3 cm, and the font is Wei Shuzhi. The specific seal cutting contents are as follows:
In November of the eleventh year of Zhao Jianwu, Dayun was in Yisi and Ding Maoshuo. Therefore, Qing Xu, a great servant, was born in Zhaoan County, Bohai Sea in 1975. He passed away on September 2, 20081. On the 7th, Gui You's grave was buried at 1420 miles west of Gaojue Bridge. South for 170 years. Therefore, Wei Wudi Mausoleum. Northwest corner westbound. Back to the tomb hall in the north. 250.
Take the party to thank the sword, Zifeng. The tomb of Suoan entered the south of Shinto in Zhang Si.
Epitaph of Lu Qian
The discovery of Lu Qian Epitaph clearly points out the geographical location of Cao Cao's tomb, and the "Old Wei Wudi Mausoleum" refers to the tomb of Cao Meng Gong in the history of the Three Kingdoms period. It is the excavation of the original inscriptions and historical materials in the Sixteen Kingdoms period that uncovered the shocking mystery of the history of Cao Cao's tomb in Anyang!
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Interpretation: the part of historical materials about recording the mystery of Cao Cao's tomb behind Cao Cao!
Cao Cao (155-0315,220), named Meng De, was a famous politician, strategist, writer and calligrapher in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. At the same time, he was also the founder of the Cao Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms period. In the first year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao controlled Liu Xie, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, and moved the capital to Xuchang. Since then, he has unified the north by "relying on the emperor to make the princes" and fought with the regime of Sun Liu in the south, thus being called "the lean generation".
According to historical records, in the 25th year of Jian 'an (220), Cao Cao returned to Luoyang and died that month. At the age of 66. After his son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he was respectfully called Wei Wudi. So, where is Cao Cao buried after his death? We might as well find the answer through the relevant historical materials left at present:
Historical data 1:
When Cao Cao died, he left a decree:
"I feel sick in the middle of the night ... after I die, I will take a big suit as a gift. Baiguan in the temple, the sound of fifteen, immediately after the burial; Garrison shall not leave the chariot department; There is a division, and each rate is the location. He was buried in Xigang, Ye Zhi, wearing a costume of the times. He is very close to the Ximen Bao Temple in history and has no treasures. "
I felt a little sick in the middle of the night ... I was buried in the mountain to the west of Yecheng, near the ancestral temple in Ximen Bao. Don't bury with gold and jade.
According to the suicide note left by Cao Cao, Cao Cao has always advocated frugality and simple and thin burial system for his own affairs, and pointed out the burial place, which is mentioned in Cao Cao's suicide note as "on the hill west of Yecheng, near the ancestral temple in Ximen Bao".
Three kingdoms Cao Cao
Historical data 2:
"Child stagnation sword? Wei Ji? Wei Jiyi records:
"In the second year of Huang Chu, Yu Jin was white and haggard. When he saw the emperor, he cried and nodded. The emperor comforted Xun and Meng, worshipped General Anyuan, and made him worship Gaoling. The emperor asked the Yuling Temple in Henan Province to draw pictures of Guan Yu, Zhan Ke and Pound who were furious and refused to surrender. I am forbidden to watch, I am sick and dead. "
According to this historical record, the story is probably about "in the second year of Jian 'an, Guan Yu surrounded Coss and was rescued by the ban." After the capture of the Seventh Flood Army, Yu Ban surrendered to the enemy, and Yu Ban Pound was unyielding and killed. "After Guan Yu was broken by Sun Quan, he was released from the ban and returned to Wu. Under this historical background, Yu Jin's life fate was translated into vernacular, as follows:
It was not until two years ago that Yujin was sent back to Wei. At that time, his hair and beard were all white, his face was gaunt and tears were streaming down his face. Cao Pi was ordered to visit Gaoling (Cao Cao's Mausoleum) because there was a relief painting of Pound's unyielding knees in the mausoleum. However, when he saw this scene, he died of shame and died shortly after his death.
The Three Kingdoms are forbidden.
The two historical materials published above recorded the contents related to Cao Cao's tomb respectively. So, is Cao Cao's tomb discovered in Anyang true or false? We can sit in the right place to know the truth.
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Analysis: A detailed comparison between Anyang Cao Cao's tomb and real historical materials: there is no difference in determining the true gender of Cao Cao's tomb!
First, the location of Cao Cao's tomb in Anyang is consistent with historical materials.
According to Cao Cao's decree, Cao Cao's tomb should be "on the mountain to the west of Yecheng, near the ancestral temple in Ximen Bao". So where is Cao Cao's tomb in Anyang today?
In fact, the location of Cao Cao's tomb in Anyang is now Anfeng Township, Anyang, and it is also the original site of Ximen Bao Temple recorded in historical documents (Ximen Bao Temple is located in a highland near the highway in fengle town Village, Anfeng Township, Anyang County, and the ancestral temple has long since disappeared, leaving only three stone tablets, two of which are illegible. ), in addition, Li Jifu's Map of Yuanhe County in the Tang Dynasty mentioned Xiangzhou Yexian County: "Therefore, Yecheng is fifty steps east of the county." In other words, Ye County in the Tang Dynasty was fifty paces west of Yecheng (Yecheng in Cao Wei, burned in the Northern Zhou Dynasty). This short distance highlights the coordinate significance of Ximen Bao Temple. Moreover, according to the inscriptions and epitaphs in the Tang Dynasty, it can be proved that Zhanghe South is thirty miles away from Yexian County and should be in the northwest of Anyang County today. Therefore, it can be basically determined that the geographical location of Cao Cao's tomb in Anyang is consistent with historical records.
Second, the thin burial of Cao Cao's tomb in Anyang is consistent with historical data.
Cao Cao's "Legacy Order" clearly records "serve at any time" and "have nothing to hide". In the tomb of Cao Cao discovered in Anyang, the decoration in the tomb is simple and unpretentious. But also weapons, stone pillows, stone turtles, stone walls, stone tablets and so on. There are also articles that Cao Cao usually uses. For example, there are inscriptions such as "Gehu Daji commonly used by King Wei Wu" and "Gehu Short Gun commonly used by King Wei Wu", and a stone pillow for recovering stolen items from the tomb is also engraved with inscriptions such as "Comfort Stone commonly used by King Wei Wu". These unearthed cultural relics provide an extremely important and direct historical basis for determining the identity of the tomb owner. In addition, although there are some seemingly exquisite jade ornaments, they are also things that Cao Cao wears every day, not "golden jewels".
Ancient objects unearthed from Cao Cao's tomb in Anyang
Thirdly, the age characteristics of cultural relics unearthed from Cao Cao's tomb in Anyang are consistent with history.
It is understood that the artifacts and portraits unearthed in the tombs have the characteristics of the Han and Wei Dynasties and are similar in age.