After taking the throne, Chai Rong, a young and powerful Zhou Shizong, was ambitious and determined to follow his adoptive father's last wish and do something great. He once asked Wang Pu, the left-advising doctor: "How many years will I be able to do?" Wang Pu, who was a master of numerology, replied: "I am stubborn and crude, and I always extrapolate what I have learned. Thirty years later I will not know anything." After hearing this, Rong was very happy and said: "If it is as you said, I will open up the world in ten years, support the people in ten years, and achieve peace in ten years!" In order to achieve this grand goal, Chai Rong spent more than five years in his life. During his reign, he worked hard to govern, reformed, and fought in the north and south, which opened the prelude to ending division and unifying the world.
The most important year of the first Mingjun in the Five Dynasties
In 921 AD, Tang Tianyou was one year old in his eighteenth year. Chai Rong was born in a villa in Xingzhou on September 24 of the lunar calendar, and his native place is Chaijiazhuang, Yaoshan County, Xingzhou. Grandfather Chai Weng, father Chai Shouli, Gu Chai (named empress after Guo Wei became emperor in AD, posthumous title Sheng Mu), from a wealthy and powerful family. In 926 AD, the first year of Tiancheng's reign in the Later Tang Dynasty, he was six years old. Guo Wei married a girl named Chai Weng from Tongli in Yaoshan in Luoyang. It is said that the Chai family was originally a concubine of Emperor Zhuang Zong of the Tang Dynasty. In April of that year, Guo Congqian, the commander of Congma Zhi, rebelled, and Zhuangzong was killed by the rebels. After Li Siyuan (Mingzong AD) entered the palace, Chai was released home. He traveled to Bianshui and stayed in a hotel when it rained continuously. I met Guo Wei by chance, saw his extraordinary appearance, and fell in love at first sight. Guo Wei also heard that the Chai family was virtuous, so they got married. From AD 927 to 946, the second year of Tiancheng in the Tang Dynasty to the eleventh year of Tianfu in the Later Jin Dynasty, he was seven to twenty-six years old. Chai Rong was not yet a child, because his aunt was with Guo Wei. At that time, Guo Wei had no children and his family was in decline. However, Chai Rong was kind and generous, so he was entrusted with common affairs. Chai Rong studied the longitude carefully and used the money to get money. Guo Wei took pity on him and raised him as his own son, so he was named Guo Rong. During this period, he went to Jiangling to sell tea. While doing business, he studied literature and martial arts, and thus became proficient in martial arts such as riding and archery. He also read a large number of history books and Huang Lao's works.
When he grew older, he abandoned business and joined the army with Guo Wei. In 936 AD, the second year of Tianfu in the Later Jin Dynasty, he was sixteen years old. At that time, Guo Wei was under Liu Zhiyuan, and Wei's wife, Chai, died. AD 947, the twelfth year of Tianfu in the Later Jin Dynasty, he was twenty-seven years old. In the second month of the lunar calendar, Guo Wei and others persuaded Liu Zhiyuan to ascend the throne of emperor in Taiyuan and still use the reign title of "Tianfu". In the seventh month of Yan of the lunar calendar, Guo Wei served as the Deputy Privy Envoy with the title of Zuoming Gong, and he also inspected the school as a Taibao. Chai Rong was awarded the title of General of the Gate Guard of the Left Prison. In 949 AD, the second year of Qianyou of the Later Han Dynasty, he was twenty-nine years old. Guowei Zhenye, Chai Rong was appointed as the internal commander of Tianxiong Army, led the governor of Guizhou, and inspected the right servant. In 950 AD, the third year of Emperor Qianyou's reign in the Later Han Dynasty, he was thirty years old. In the third month of the lunar calendar, Guo Wei was granted the title of staying at Yedu, serving as Privy Envoy and Tianxiong Jiedu Envoy. Chai Rong followed Guo Wei in Ye, assisting Guo Wei in keeping the government clean and simple, and achieved outstanding results. In the 11th month of the lunar calendar, Emperor Yin of the Han Dynasty Liu Chengyou killed three ministers, Yang Bin, Shi Hongzhao, and Wang Zhang, in the name of discussing affairs, and also killed the family members of Guo Wei and Chai Rong in Beijing who had left Yedu. Guo Wei's wife Zhang and his second sons Qing Ge and Yi Ge, his nephews Shouyun, Fengchao, Ding Ge and Chai Rong's wife Liu, as well as his eldest son Yi Ge and his second son were all executed by the Han Dynasty. After Guo Wei heard the news, he left Chai Rong in Ye, and the Qing emperor raised his troops to the north of the suburbs of Beijing. Emperor Yin went out of the city to watch the battle. The official army was defeated, and Emperor Yin was killed by the rebel army. Guo Wei entered Kaifeng, and the Queen Mother was in charge of the affairs of the court. That month, the Khitan invaded the south, and Guo Wei was ordered to go north to fight against the Liao. When the army arrived at Chanzhou (today's Puyang, Henan Province), the soldiers tore up the yellow flag, draped it on their bodies, and returned to Kyoto with shouts of long live. In 951 AD, the first year of Guangshun in the Later Zhou Dynasty, he was thirty-one years old. In the first month of the lunar calendar, Guo Wei ascended the throne as emperor, and his name was changed to Guangshun in the Yuan Dynasty. The country's name was Zhou, and it was known as Later Zhou in history. In this month, Chai Rong was granted the title of Governor of Chanzhou, inspected as Taibao, and was granted the title of Marquis of Taiyuan. Chai Rong is in the town, and his government is clean and thieves do not invade the country. In Chanzhili, Qiu Pass was built, and the public offices were destroyed. Chai Rong immediately expanded the streets and shops, added buildings and buildings, and the officials and the people depended on them. Every ten days, the prisoners are judged, the laws and regulations are quoted, and the principles are analyzed. In the eighth month of the lunar calendar, Guo Wei's late wife Chai was proclaimed queen. In the twelfth month of the lunar calendar, Chai Rongjia inspected the affairs of Taifu and Tongping Zhang. AD 953, three years after Zhou Guangshun, he was thirty-three years old. In the third month of the lunar calendar, Guo Wei deposed Wang Jun, an important minister and privy envoy, to other places. Chai Rong was appointed as Kaifeng Yin and merit envoy from Chanzhou Jiedu envoy, and was granted the title of King of Jin. In August of the lunar calendar, Chai Rong's fourth son Zong Xun was born in Chanzhou Mansion. In the tenth month of the lunar calendar, Chai Rong was granted the title of envoy. In the twelfth month of the lunar calendar, Chai Rong accompanied Guo Weijiao Temple on business. AD 954, the first year of Xiande in the Later Zhou Dynasty, he was thirty-four years old. In the first month of the lunar calendar, Guo Wei granted amnesty to the whole country and changed the fourth year of Guangshun to the first year of Xiande. He was the king of the Jin Dynasty and served as a minister, and he judged internal and external military affairs. The prime minister Feng Daojia was appointed as the Grand Master, Fan Zhi was appointed as Shu Zuopushe to supervise the compilation of national history, and Li Gu was appointed as Zuopushe and the Grand Scholar of Jixian Palace. Wang Pu served as the minister of Zhongshu and Pingzhangshi.
Guo Wei fell ill and summoned his nephew Li Chongjin to take care of him. He ordered him to pay homage to Chai Rong in order to determine the relationship between the emperor and his ministers. Before his death, he repeatedly forbade Chai Rong to use paper clothes and tile coffins after his death. He did not build underground palaces, did not use mausoleum guards, and was not allowed to use stone figures or animals. He made an appointment with the successor emperor because he was very frugal in his life, so he was only buried in earthenware coffins and paper clothes. If he violated this promise, the ghosts would not help him. "Soon after, Guo Wei died of illness at the age of fifty-one. King Rong of Jin ascended the throne in front of the coffin. In the third month of the lunar calendar, there is a general amnesty for the whole country, exempting all state and state governments from paying taxes owed last summer and autumn. In the fourth month of the lunar calendar, Guo Wei was buried in Guodian, Xinzheng. The mausoleum is called Songling, the temple is named Taizu, and his posthumous title is the Holy God Gongsu Wenwuxiao Emperor. When the Northern Han Dynasty colluded with the Khitans to invade the south, Chai Rong summoned ministers to discuss the plan to personally conquer the country. Prime Minister Feng Dao tried his best to stop it. Chai Rong said: "At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, bandits arose in the world, and Taizong personally defeated them." Dao Zou said: "Is your majesty like Taizong? ?" Chai Rong said angrily: "Why is Prime Minister Feng so young?" Then he dismissed his position. He said: "With the strength of my troops, I can break Liu Chongshan's pressure on Oo'er!" He led his army to advance quickly. When he encountered the Northern Han army south of Gaoping, the right army Fan Aineng and He Hui's troops fled without a fight. At the critical moment, Chai Rong bravely risked his life to supervise the battle. The Northern Han Dynasty general Zhang Yuanhui was killed, Liu Chong's army was defeated, and the Khitan army retreated. This battle consolidated Chai Rong's position, and he took advantage of the victory to improve military discipline. More than 70 soldiers, including Fan Aineng and He Hui, were all killed for escaping from the battle. At the same time, heavy rewards were given to soldiers such as Li Chongjin and Zhao Kuangyin who had made meritorious service in the battle. The wife of Wei Guo, Fu Shi, was canonized as queen. In the fifth month of the lunar calendar, Chai Rong pursued his victory and surrounded Taiyuan, the capital of the Northern Han Dynasty. However, due to insufficient food and wages, he failed to capture Taiyuan. In the sixth month of the lunar calendar, an imperial edict was issued and the troops left Taiyuan by car. After passing through Xinzheng, he paid homage to Songling Mausoleum, paid homage, and then retired. In the seventh month of the lunar calendar, Fan Zhi was appointed as the chief minister and minister, Ping Zhangshi, and the bachelor of Hongwenguan; Li Gu was appointed as the chief minister and minister, Ping Zhangshi, and the supervisor of the history of the country; Wang Pu was appointed as the minister of Zhongshu and the minister of the Ministry of Rites. , Ping Zhangshi, Jixian Palace Bachelor. Wei Renpu, who was not allowed to be promoted by Kejin, was appointed as the privy envoy and the chief inspector of the school. Facing the debaters, he said: "How can I be so talented?" Hundreds of officials requested that the Christmas Day on September 24th of the lunar calendar be designated as the "Tianqing Festival". Of. In the ninth month of the lunar calendar, General Xue Xun of the Youtun Guard was expelled from the army and exiled to Salmon Island for "supervising Yong's military warehouse and accompanying officials and soldiers." Zhu Fenglin, the inspector and deputy magistrate of Songzhou, was beheaded in Ningling County for "stealing merchant ships without capturing them." In the 10th month of the lunar calendar, Chai Rong absorbed the lesson from the Battle of Gaoping that the Zhou army had no lives and soldiers could not fight, and ordered to reorganize the army. He said: "The guards are almost as old as the young, and there is no distinction between the strong and the weak." If you can see a few soldiers, and there are not many soldiers, it is better to select the elite ones one by one, and let the weak ones be left alone. If you don't use them during the period, it will not be a waste." Chai Rong then ordered Zhao Kuangyin to take charge of recruiting people from all over the world. The strong men "selected the best to serve as the squads in front of the palace." After reorganization, the Guards became an extremely powerful army that shocked neighboring countries. Zhao Kuangyin was promoted to the title of Marquis of Yu, the capital in front of the palace, and Zhang Yongde was appointed as the commander of the capital in front of the palace. On the day of inspection in Ye County, the enshrined official Hao Guangting was executed for "abandoning the city" for "killing civilians for private reasons". Meng Hanqing, the general of Zuo Yulin, ordered him to commit suicide for the crime of "taking more money from prison and wasting the rest". In the 11th month of the lunar calendar, the boundary between Yunzhou and Yunzhou on the Yellow River burst, and "the land of several states was troubled by torrents." Chai Rong sent Prime Minister Li Gu to supervise the construction of river embankments, and recruited 60,000 people from Ding, and stopped on the 30th. AD 955, the second year of Xiande in the Later Zhou Dynasty, he was thirty-five years old. In the first month of the lunar calendar, Chai Rong issued an edict: "In the Chaowen class, each person will be promoted to be a person who can be appointed as an official. Even if they are close relatives, there is no reason to blame them. On the day of conferring an official, each department will mention the name of the leader. If he is a corrupt official, he will not be appointed. He is cowardly and ignores the importance of the matter, and even sits down to be the leader. "In the third month of the lunar calendar, he issued an edict: "You should flee to Zhuangtian, and ask someone to rent it as a tenant, and pay the rent." Zhongwu Jiedushi Wang Yanchao and Zhangxin Jiedushi Han Tong were appointed. He led the soldiers and recruited civilians to dredge the Hulu River between Shenzhou and Jizhou. He also built a fortress at the mouth of Li Yan and the Hulu River and sent heavy troops to guard it. Zhang Zangying, the governor of Texas, was also sent to recruit brave border people to form a capable frontier army, forming a solid line of defense so that the border people could live and work in peace and contentment. In order to select talents, the edict said: "The state has set up a tribute examination department. Looking for handsome people, please inquire about the names of Wenxing Fangzhong. I heard that in recent years, there have been many indiscriminate recruitment, either because of years of hard work, or because of media influence. Based on one's background. The people selected this year will be tested and found to be faulty. "Chai Rong personally read the poems, essays and strategies of the new Jinshi. In the fourth month of the lunar calendar, an imperial edict was issued to build Luocheng on all sides of the capital, in anticipation of the coming of spring. He ordered more than 20 close ministers to write one piece each of "On the Difficulties of Being a King and Difficulties of Being a Minister" and "Pingbian Policy", which Chai Rong read in person. He also adopted the suggestion of Wang Pu, a doctor in Bibu, that "the way to attack begins with the changer" and formulated the strategy of "first south and then north". In the fifth month of the lunar calendar, the exams for Feitongzi, Jingming and Jingming are held. Chai Rong sent Xiang Xun and Wang Jing to lead an army to the west to conquer Hou Shu, hoping to regain the four states of Qin, Feng, Cheng and Jie.
In that month, an edict was issued: "All prefectures, prefectures, counties, towns, villages, and villages should have temples with imperial edicts. Everything remains the same. Those without imperial edicts will be abolished." . That year, 3336 monasteries were abandoned, and as many as 61,200 monks and nuns returned to lay life. In the seventh month of the lunar calendar, due to the insufficiency of military supplies due to the Western Expedition, the war reached a stalemate, and General Zhou insisted on requesting a withdrawal of troops. Chai Rong sent Zhao Kuangyin as a special envoy to the front line of Qinzhou to inspect the battle situation. When he returned, he reported the facts and expressed his opinion on the merits of Qin and Fengzhou. Chai Rong promoted Wang Jing to serve as the recruiting envoy to the southwest camp, and Xiang Xun to serve as the supervisor of the southwest camp. In the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the imperial edict banned bronze utensils from all over the world, and it was first proposed to set up a supervisor to mint money. It stipulates that in addition to "the county magistrate's legal objects, military weapons, temple bells, chimes, cymbals, and the like left behind, the remaining folk bronzes and Buddha statues must be ordered to be transferred to the official within fifty days and their value shall be given. If they expire, they shall be concealed and shall not be lost. If they exceed five kilograms, they shall not be lost." Those who fail to do so will be judged to be guilty of punishment. "In the leap nine months of the lunar calendar, the Xichuan army was defeated, and the three states of Qin, Cheng, and Jie surrendered one after another. In the 11th month of the lunar calendar, the Zhou army finally captured Fengzhou and recovered the four states. In the twelfth month of the lunar calendar, Tao Wen, the living man, was ordered to collect the remaining rent in Songzhou. Wen Ju was also a cruel official. Thousands of people were tortured by Song people. The voices of injustice were heard on the roads, and there were mourners. Several people died because of the unbearable punishment. The material discussion thought it was not allowed.
Erecting the Monument of Junping Robbery of Renshi of the Great Zhou Dynasty
The Robbery Monument of Junping of Renshi of the Great Zhou Dynasty, the full name is Tuucheng Fengyiyi Dai Gongchen of the Great Zhou Dynasty specially came to inspect the school as the Taibao Envoy Chijie Jeju's military leaders, Jeju's governor and imperial censor, Shangzhu Kingdom's Xihe County founding public shrine of 2,300 households, Ren Gongping stole the stele, referred to as the Pingsteel stele. It was originally located on the west side of the moat road outside Beiguan, Juye County. It was established in the second year of Zhou Xiande (955) after the Five Dynasties. Due to the siltation of the Yellow River in the past dynasties, most of the monument was submerged underground, with about 80 centimeters of the ground exposed. In order to carry forward the excellent national culture and give full play to the great role of historical and humanistic resources, in 2002, with the strong support of all walks of life, the Ping Pirate Stele was unearthed and moved to the Yangtze Tower of Yongfeng, beside the Renmin Road, and a monument was built. Pavilion to enhance protection and enhance the view. The monument is made of high-quality bluestone. The stele is trapezoidal in shape, with a height of 516 cm, a width of 158-142 cm, a side width of 62-55 cm, and a weight of about 13.5 tons; the turtle base is 100 cm high, 293 cm long, 160 cm wide, and weighs about 9 tons. Li Fang, the imperial minister of the imperial court, went to the left to pick up the remains and fill them in the Jixian Palace.
Ren Shijun was named Han Quan, a native of Sichuan. He tired the dynasty with his military strategy and became a high official with his military exploits. When he was first pastoral in Danzhou, he made great achievements in eliminating chaos and conflict. When he moved to Zhaozhou, he made great achievements in calming down the border and left a name for himself wherever he went. After he was appointed as the governor of Jeju, he "organized the people with punishment and guided them with virtue", suppressed theft and stopped the people, and clarified the four seals. Therefore, the people supported him and asked him to erect a monument to praise his virtues. Zhou Shizong was very pleased and issued an edict to express his favor.
The Ping Pirate Stele is a high-relief sculpture of a chi's head, 116 centimeters high, with 8 dragons engraved on it. The dragon's heads hang symmetrically on the left and right sides, with gaping eyes and teeth, dancing claws and beads. There are 9 characters in 3 lines in the seal script on the forehead: "The Monument of Jun Ping Pirates of Ren Shijun of the Great Zhou Dynasty". The calligraphy is about 14 centimeters in diameter and was written by Zhang Mu, the military judge Chao Yilang and Dali Sizhi, who was also the imperial censor Zhang Mu.
Beiyang published 26 lines of articles ranging from 75 words to 1543 words in total. The main text contains 22 lines totaling 1,408 words. The characters are about 4 cm in diameter and written in running script. The inscription records that the later Zhou Dynasty established Jeju and governed it in Juye County. At that time, "the mountains were secluded and the valleys were deep, and there were many refugees, and the wild land was flooded with soldiers, and the vines and cattails were the means of gathering thieves." The folk customs were ruthless, and there were many thieves in ancient times, so it was the most difficult to control. Some "lazy men use their work to make ends meet, pick up string wood with hooks, and steal it among the villages", or they may even "lure the people who commit suicide, gather scoundrels, nest in cunning burrows, and steal things in the darkness." ". Zhou Shizong ordered the former Zhaozhou assassin with outstanding political achievements to appoint Han Quan to move to Jeju to punish thieves and convert the people. Ren Gong "is jealous of thieves, has strict orders to punish thieves, has good skills in removing thieves, and has a reputation for stopping thieves." "The horse bears the courage of the first gallop, and the Yinmen raises the soldiers at night. The wolf's heart is wiped out, and the people's troubles are eliminated." Then "ease it with restraint, be lenient with laws, nourish it with kindness and love, and persuade it with courtesy", so that the people's customs will improve, "there will be no lazy farmers in the village, and there will be no cunning children in the countryside", farmers, workers and merchants will spread the praises in Kangzhuang.
The author Li Fang, courtesy name Mingyuan, was born in Raoyang, Shenzhou (now part of Hebei Province), and was a Jinshi during the Qianyou period of the Later Han Dynasty during the Five Dynasties. In the later Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Shizong appreciated his talent and promoted him to the post of official Zuo Shiyi, compiler of Jixian Hall, Tuntian doctor, and Hanlin bachelor. After entering the Song Dynasty, he became a member of Zhongshushe, learned about the tribute examination, and was ordered to study the "Records of Taizu" with him. Later, he served as Minister of the Ministry of Industry, Youpuse, and Pingzhangshi, the Minister of Zhongshu. He has 50 volumes of collected works and edited "Taiping Yulan", "Taiping Guangji" and "Wenyuan Yinghua". He was a famous litterateur at that time.
This inscription was written under an imperial order when he was 30 years old. Its rhetoric is rigorous, its levels are clear, its exposition is rich, and its writing is concise, which makes people applaud it.
The calligraphy art of this stele is extremely high. The whole chapter is well laid out, bright and smooth. The brushwork captures the charm of the two kings, reflecting the virtual and the real, and intersecting movement and stillness. The structure is graceful and flowing with clear muscles and bones, the shape is varied and the momentum is coherent, and it has a strong sense of rhythm, giving people a graceful, elegant, flying and spiritual artistic feeling. The book was written by Zhang Guangzhen
In 956 AD, three years after Zhou Xiande, he was thirty-six years old. In the first month of the lunar calendar, Luocheng, the capital of the city of Shiwanfu, was sent. Chai Rong issued an edict to personally conquer the Southern Tang Dynasty and sent generals such as Li Gu, Li Chongjin, and Zhao Kuangyin to the expedition. Later, it was discovered that Li Gu was cowardly and Li Chongjin was invincible, so he transferred Li Gu away and appointed Li Chongjin as the commander of the Huainan Road camp. He defeated the Tang army and captured the six states of Chu, Yang, Qin, Guang, Shu, and Qi. Later, due to the advent of the rainy season, Li Chong was left to march and besiege Shouzhou, and returned to Beijing in May of the lunar calendar. In the fifth month of the lunar calendar, Chai Rong recruited craftsmen to "build hundreds of warships on the Bian River in the west of Daliang City, and ordered the soldiers of the Tang Dynasty to surrender to teach the northerners water warfare. After a few months, they appeared in all directions and almost wiped out the Tang soldiers." In the seventh month of the lunar calendar, the Queen Fu He died in Zide Hall at the age of twenty-six. In the eighth month of the lunar calendar, Wang Pu, a bachelor of Duanming Palace, compiled a new calendar, named it "Xiandeqin Tianli", and began to use it. In September of the lunar calendar, Wang Pu was promoted to Minister of Household Affairs and Deputy Privy Envoy. In the 10th month of the lunar calendar, Queen Xuanyi was buried in Yiling. The imperial edict: "Capital counties north of the Zhang River are allowed to trade salt goods. Every place with salty brine can be cooked and cooked by each household." Zhao Kuangyin was promoted to the military commander of Kuang State Army and the commander of the capital in front of the palace, ranking among the generals of the Later Zhou Dynasty. . In the 11th month of the lunar calendar, Chen Tuan, the hermit who was released from Mount Huashan, returns to the mountain. Chai Rong said: "Emperor Su heard that Tuan had Taoism, so he marched to Que, and returned to hermitage in the remaining months of the month." In the 12th month of the lunar calendar, Liu Jufang, the magistrate of Xiangyi County, was in office. After his death, he donated Youbu Que to his son Liu Shiheng, who was a scholar. To reward honest officials.
In 957 AD, four years after Zhou Xiande, he was thirty-seven years old. In the first month of the lunar calendar, it is decreed that all criminals who have been banned will be released except for those who are in large numbers. The Ministry of Military Affairs wrote to Zhang Zhao: "Compile the records of Taizu and the records of the last emperors of Liang and Tang Dynasty." In February of the lunar calendar, Chai Rong once again personally went to the Southern Tang Dynasty and defeated the Southern Tang reinforcements Zijin Mountain Stronghold and Keshou Prefecture. Forty thousand soldiers of the Tang army were wiped out, hundreds of ships were captured, and countless money, silk and equipment were captured. The chariots sent Cai back to the capital. In the fourth month of the lunar calendar, Mrs. Liu of Pengcheng County was canonized as queen. Therefore, the emperor's younger brother and the prince were given the title, so the emperor's sister was canonized. In the fifth month of the lunar calendar, Li Chongjin, Xiang Xun, Zhang Yongde, Zhao Kuangyin and others were promoted to official positions due to their merit. The prime ministers Fan Zhi, Li Gu, and Wang Pu were merged into lords and counties and changed to meritorious officials. Wei Renpu, the privy envoy, inspected the school and promoted the imperial master to the title of Duke of Kaiguo. In the eighth month of the lunar calendar, Wang Pu was promoted to the rank of privy envoy and inspected the Taibao. Hu Li, the former governor of Puzhou, returned from Shu. In the 10th month of the lunar calendar, Guang Guang was ordered to make sergeants' robes in advance. If he did not hold a fair immediately, he was ordered to be executed. Even if he is punished for minor offenses, everyone will be wronged. There are three subjects in the imperial edict, one is the subject of being able to speak out and speak out, the second is the subject of teaching and learning, and the third is the subject of teaching and learning. There is no salary limit, and he is expected to serve as an official. He wears yellow clothes and grass and is promised to answer the call. In the 11th month of the lunar calendar, Chai Rong personally led the troops to conquer the Southern Tang Dynasty for the third time, attacking Haozhou and defeating the Tang army in Wei. Then the drum marched eastward, along the Huai City Gate, and descended wherever it went. In the twelfth month of the lunar calendar, the Sizhou garrison surrendered to the city. Chai Rong personally led the land and sea army eastward and captured more than 300 enemy ships. In addition to the hundreds of ships of the Zhou army, they rushed on both land and water. They were victorious in all directions and even surrendered to Hao. Zhouzhou, Lianshui, Bozhou.
In 958 AD, the fifth year of Zhou Xiande's reign, he was thirty-eight years old. In the first month of the lunar calendar, Chai Rong personally attacked Chuzhou. He encountered the Chu army's defensive envoy Zhang Yanqing and fought to the death. The Zhou soldiers suffered heavy casualties. "Pull it out, kill the puppet guard Zhang Yanqing and others, and plunder the six armies. More than 10,000 soldiers and civilians died in the city, and all the houses were burned." In the second month of the lunar calendar, the chariots went to Chuzhou for a southern tour, defeated Yangzhou, and continued to expand the results of the war. In the third month of the lunar calendar, fortunately, the enemy troops were defeated in Taizhou, Guangling and Yingluan River Estuary. Li Jing, the leader of the Southern Tang Dynasty, moved to Chen Jue to express his love and tribute. He was forced to sacrifice the land of the four states, draw the river as the boundary, and lose 100,000 tributes every year in order to calm the troops. Chai Rongxi is in the north of the Yangtze River, with fourteen states and sixty counties. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, the title of emperor was removed and he was only called "Lord of Jiangnan". Li Fang, a scholar of Hanlin Academy, was ordered to conduct a re-examination on those who were honored. The imperial edict said: "Compared with the tribute examinations in recent years, there are quite a lot of things going on. Frequent imperial edicts have been given to the officials to do more rigorous tests. It is hoped that there will be no mistakes in going and staying, and the excellence is obvious. According to the report of the Gongyuan yesterday, this year's new and third grade scholars, etc., the characters tested may be Is there any Zang? Xi ordered me to resign and test it again. Shujing and Wei are not mixed, so as to avoid the interference of jade. "In the fourth month of the lunar calendar, I drove from Yangzhou to Beijing. In the new Taimiao City, the gods of the five temples moved into their homes. In the fifth month of the lunar calendar, an edict was issued: "All the guards and soldiers will be given preferential gifts according to their rank. The soldiers who should be marching in the camp and martyred in the king's affairs will each be given an official position; the descendants of relatives will be hired according to their talents; those who are wounded and disabled will be treated separately." Give rescue.
The taxes and goods owed by the Huainan prefectures and the Xu, Su, Song, Bo, Chen, Ying, Xucai and other prefectures of last autumn and summer will be released. "In the sixth month of the lunar calendar, Ming Dou Yan participated in Yayue. A minister reported the royal meal materials, and Chai Rong commented: "From now on, my regular meals will be reduced by half, while the rest of the people will remain the same. "Zhang Zhao, Minister of the Ministry of War, and others compiled "Records of Zhou Taizu" in thirty volumes. In the seventh month of the lunar calendar, the "Xingtong of the Great Zhou Dynasty" was promulgated. The envoys and governors of the Taoist priests and governors were given the "Juntian Tu". In the tenth month of the lunar calendar, the governors of Huainan were ordered to The state and township armies were released to the countryside. The taxes and taxes of the sixty states in Henan were uniformly distributed. The edict said: "It is rare to achieve the highest level of skill in land acquisition, and it must be carried out in parallel to determine the importance..." "Let local officials all set land taxes. Officials were also sent to patrol the states, measure the land, and determine the taxes according to the acres. In the 11th month of the lunar calendar, Dou Yan, a scholar of Hanlin, was ordered to collect literary scholars and compile "Da Zhou Tong Li" and "Da Zhou Zheng" "Le". In the 12th month of the lunar calendar, Wu Huai'en, the military commander of Chuzhou, abandoned the city for being good at killing soldiers. Zhang Shun, the defense envoy of Chuzhou, was charged with embezzlement of 500,000 yuan in taxes and was ordered to death by official silk. The shogunate ordered to record the official salary, and the official salary of the state and county should be stopped.
In 959 AD, in the sixth year of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty, at the age of thirty-nine, the edict was issued: "Every year, the new year comes. When Jinshi and others hear about the wedding banquet, they should order the commander of Xuanhui Academy to arrange the ceremony. "" From now on, the Gongyuan of the Ministry of Rites will determine the number of people and names by subject and grade, and the literary compositions will be tested, and the results will be released under the imperial edict. "In the second month of the lunar calendar, tens of thousands of Dingfu from Xu, Su, Song, and Dan prefectures dredged the Bianhe River. Dingfu from Fahua and Bo prefectures dredged the Wuzhang River, and it flowed eastward to Dingtao and entered Jiji, where it was transported by the Tongqing and Yun rivers. Road. The Cai River was also opened to connect the Chen and Ying rivers. Wang Decheng of Zuobuque moved to the left to praise Shandafu. In the fourth month of the lunar calendar, Chai Rong personally led the army to the north of Ningzhou and appointed Wang Hong as governor. After that, he led troops by land and water to Yijin Pass, whereupon the Khitan general Zhong Tinghui surrendered to Waqiao Pass, and the governor Yao Neibin surrendered to the state. Lunar Calendar 5. In that month, Gao Yanhui, the governor of Yingzhou, surrendered to the city. It only took forty-two days for his troops to conquer three passes and three prefectures without losing any blood. Chai Rong was preparing to take advantage of the victory to capture Youzhou, but he returned due to illness. In the sixth month of the lunar calendar, Chai Rong returned to Bianjing due to illness. He relieved Zhang Yongde from his duties as the inspector, promoted Zhao Kuangyin to the position of Grand Tutor, and appointed Wei Wang Fu Yanqing's daughter as queen (i.e. Xiao Fuhou). ). The emperor's eldest son, Zong Xun, was appointed General of Zuowei and was granted the title of King of Liang. His second son, Zong Rang, was appointed as General of Zuoxiaowei and granted the title of Duke of Yan. Chai Rong died on June 19th of the lunar calendar and was thirty years old. At the age of nine, his son Chai Zongxun ascended the throne in front of the coffin. At the age of seven, Fan Zhi, Wang Pu and Wei Renpu were in charge of the government. In the 11th month of the lunar calendar, Chai Rong was buried in Xinzheng Lingshang Village. His posthumous title was Emperor Ruiwu Xiaowen, and his mausoleum was named Qing. The mausoleum is named Shizong. It is attached to the Empress Liu of Zhenhui.
Chen Yinke, a master of Chinese culture, said: "The culture of the Chinese nation has evolved over thousands of years and reached its peak in the Zhao and Song Dynasties. "Although the military of the Song Dynasty was weak, the splendid culture of the Han and Tang Dynasties was beyond the reach of the Han and Tang Dynasties, reaching the highest peak of ancient Chinese culture. Because of this, Zhao Kuangyin, as the founder of the Zhao and Song Dynasties, is highly respected by future generations.
< p>In fact, the actual founder of the "Zhao-Song Dynasty" was not Zhao Kuangyin who climbed to the top on the shoulders of giants. The person who built the bridge and laid the foundation for him was the short-lived emperor who streaked across the historical sky like a meteor. Chai Rong, Shizong of the Later Zhou Dynasty.Chai Rong was the wisest monarch in the Five Dynasties period and one of the figures who had the most profound influence on the course of Chinese history. He carried out drastic reforms and eradicated political malpractices since the late Tang Dynasty. Developing the economy quickly increased national strength. He rectified the arrogant generals and led troops to fight in the north and south, and he was almost invincible. Unfortunately, God only gave him 5 and a half years, but he was about to unify. In the final stage of the world, this heroic, wise and courageous leader unfortunately fell ill and died suddenly at the age of 39 during the Northern Expedition to Khitan.
Establishing the Forbidden Army and fighting in the north and south
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Chai Rong was born in troubled times, lost his father when he was young, and was adopted as an adopted son by his uncle Guo Wei. He was cautious by nature and good at managing money. He once sold tea with merchants and traveled around the north and south. Later, Guo Wei became a civil and military scholar on behalf of the Han Dynasty. Chai Rong was relied upon as his confidant. Guo Wei died of illness three years after he became emperor. Because his two sons were killed early in life, Chai Rong ascended the throne before his death.
It was a dark and turbulent period. In 54 years, the Central Plains went through five dynasties, and 14 emperors with 8 surnames were replaced. The country was poor and weak, and foreign enemies were everywhere. Less than 10 days after Chai Rong took the throne, the Northern Han Dynasty colluded with the Khitan to invade. He personally went on an expedition, recruited warriors into the imperial army, selected good generals to attack on all sides, and calmly responded to the battle. In a critical situation, he defeated the Han army with a small number and defeated a large number.
After the war, Chai Rong rewarded meritorious service and punished cowardice. He executed more than 70 generals who were greedy for life and fearful of death, and severely punished arrogant and powerful generals. He ordered the most powerful soldiers from all over the country to be transported to the capital and established an elite Forbidden Army. In the subsequent battles, the Forbidden Army played a key role in determining the outcome of the war. The Northern Song Dynasty continued the Forbidden Army system, and the Forbidden Army was always the strongest military force in the Northern Song Dynasty.
After the defeat of the Northern Han Dynasty, Chai Rong sent troops to attack Shu and took back the four states in one fell swoop, so that later Shu did not dare to act rashly. He assessed the situation and personally conquered the Southern Tang Dynasty three times, which lasted two years and five months. He captured 14 states and 60 counties between the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers, forcing the Southern Tang Dynasty to retreat to the south of the Yangtze River. In the following week, they won a great victory and the national power suddenly increased. When the Later Zhou Dynasty attacked the Tang Dynasty, the Northern Han Dynasty once again united with the Khitans to invade the south. Chai Rong went on a personal expedition again. In 42 days, he regained 3 states, 3 passes and 17 counties without any bloodshed, and achieved the greatest victory in the war against Liao since the Five Dynasties. Chai Rong was full of confidence and planned to take advantage of the victory to march forward and regain Youzhou in one fell swoop. Unfortunately, at this critical moment, he suddenly fell ill and was forced to return to the imperial court. He died of illness in Kaifeng soon after.
If God gives Chai Rong a few more years, it will be just around the corner to recover the sixteen Youyun states ceded to the Khitan by the Jin Dynasty and unify the north; and then it will not be too difficult to conquer the weaker southern states. Big resistance. In this way, the great cause of unification will be completed in his hands, and the opportunity will not be left to Zhao Kuangyin, who later became emperor of Zhou Dynasty.
Reform politics, enrich the country and secure the people
Chai Rong is a military strategist who is ambitious in all directions and has the ability to clean up the old rivers and mountains. He is also a politician and reformer with far-sighted vision and extraordinary courage. . He has lived at the bottom of society since childhood and is well aware of the sufferings of the people. He hoped to be emperor for 30 years: "Ten years to develop the world, ten years to support the people, ten years to bring peace." With a pragmatic attitude and great courage, he reformed the old and made new changes, and the reforms he carried out were effective and far-reaching.
The politics of the Five Dynasties were dark and officials were extremely corrupt and violent. Chai Rong vigorously rectified the administration of officials, appointed talented people out of the norm, reformed the shortcomings of the imperial examination system, and enabled a group of people with real talents and practical knowledge to be reused by the court. He worked hard to eliminate corruption and severely punished corrupt officials without mercy. Even his biological father's old friend broke the law without any favoritism. He strictly evaluated officials, and several officials took advantage of the opportunity to travel on missions, but he was demoted. This was a unique historical example in the history of evaluation of officials in ancient China.
Chai Rong adheres to humanity, pays attention to the rule of law, and abolishes arbitrary execution clauses and torture such as lingchi. He treated prisoners with a variety of humane measures, cleaning prisons, washing shackles, giving prisoners adequate meals, allowing visits to sick prisoners, and the government was responsible for treating unowned patients. It was strictly forbidden to let prisoners die without reason, and officials who killed prisoners without permission were strictly prohibited. Beheaded. He ordered people to completely revise the law and formulate a relatively complete "Dazhou Xingtong", which had a direct impact on the "Song Xingtong" of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Chai Rong was concerned about the suffering of the people and ordered the abolition of all taxes other than the official tax, and prohibited local officials and gentry from passing on their taxes to the people. He encouraged land reclamation, allocated unowned wasteland to fugitive households for cultivation, and issued land equalization plans to equalize taxes. Even the Kong family in Qufu, which had enjoyed preferential treatment in the past dynasties, had its privileges revoked.
Buddhism was widely popular at that time, and many people became monks in order to avoid corvee labor and taxes. A large amount of metal was used to cast Buddha statues, which caused the price of copper to rise and the shortage of coins. Chai Rong took measures to suppress Buddhism and attack the temple economy. He banned private ordination and became a monk, demolished thousands of temples, ordered hundreds of thousands of monks to return to secular life, destroyed bronze Buddha statues to mint money, and promoted commercial development. Some people thought he was being unkind, but he said with a smile: "Settling troubled times is the work of thousands of years. Buddhism once said: If it is beneficial to the world, even if your hands and eyes can give, what is the point of just a bronze statue!"
Building an imperial capital and smoothing waterways
Many people know the story of "Horse Race City". The story tells that Chai Rong ordered General Zhao Kuangyin to gallop on horseback until he ran out of power and ran 50 miles. So Chai Rong ordered the city to be expanded within the scope of horse racing, and the magnificent Tokyo Outer City was built.
In the history of Kaifeng city construction, Chai Rong is an important figure. In the late Tang Dynasty, Li Mian, the military governor of the Xuanwu Army, moved the government office to Kaifeng, expanded the city on a large scale, and laid the foundation for today's Kaifeng City. More than 170 years later, Chai Rong more than doubled the expansion of Bianzhou City, including the outer city, the inner city and the imperial city. The city walls were tall and thick, and the buildings were regular and orderly, which laid the foundation for the defenseless Kaifeng City. Military defense line.
Due to economic recovery and commercial development, the urban population grew rapidly. The houses in the city were too dense and private houses invaded the official roads, making it impossible for vehicles and horses to pass.
Chai Rong focused on the long-term development of the imperial capital and ordered all illegal buildings in the city to be demolished and all tombs in the city to be moved outside the city for reburial. Although this approach of "making room for the living by the dead" is far-sighted, it requires great courage and has been criticized and reviled by many people. Chai Rong knew that there would be complaints, but he remained the same and did not flinch at all. He said to the ministers around him: "Someone has to do this kind of thing. You will see the benefits of this in a few decades."
Kaifeng is known as the "Northern Water City", but in During the Five Dynasties, due to the separatist rule of feudal vassals and continuous wars, the Grand Canal flowing through Kaifeng was no longer navigable, and flooding in the Yellow River continued. Chai Rong ordered people to regulate the canal, Yellow River and Bianhe River, block the Yellow River breach, repair the Yellow River embankment, and also set up a bucket gate at the mouth of the Bianhe River to control the water flow of the Yellow River and ensure the safety of the capital. In order to restore the waterway transportation network centered on Kaifeng, Chai Rong ordered people to build water conservancy projects and dredge water transportation. He successively dredged the Hulu River, Bianhe River, Wuzhang River, etc., so that grain and goods from all over Shandong and Jiangnan could reach the capital directly through waterways.
The restoration of its status as a waterway transportation hub made Kaifeng the largest, most complete, and most economically prosperous city in the country at that time. This led to the decision to make the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty here, which was of great significance to Zhao Kuangyin's subsequent unification war.
Be the first to set an example and do everything personally
Chai Rong was called "the most wise king of the Five Dynasties" by historians, and he could be called a bright star shining in the dark era. He joined the army at the age of 15, became a general at the age of 24, and became emperor at the age of 33. He was not only smart and capable, but also frugal and simple, winning widespread support.
Chai Rong was cautious in his work and asked for advice humbly. He never killed anyone because of his remarks. He once issued an extremely sincere edict asking all ministers to write letters to express their opinions as much as possible. He also named more than 20 Hanlin scholars to write two articles: "On the Difficulty of Being a King and the Difficulty of Being a Minister" and "Pingbian Policy". This kind of proposition to solicit advice from many courtiers on governing the country is rare in history, and he is by no means grandstanding, just pretending. After carefully reading the minister's suggestions, he readily adopted the idea of ??"first easy, then difficult" in Minister Wang Pu's "Pingbian Policy", so as to formulate a unified plan and put it into practice.
Chai Rong takes the lead in setting an example in everything, and even does everything personally. He personally led troops on five expeditions, each time fighting on the front line. Once, Chai Rong led his army to attack the Southern Tang Dynasty through waterways, but a section of the river could not be dredged. The general reported that once the river was dredged, the river water would inevitably flow back, so construction could not be carried out safely. Chai Rong went to inspect it himself, and a few days later he handed down a handwriting with detailed construction methods. The craftsmen followed the law and successfully dredged the river, allowing the army to march out.
Chai Rong was only 39 years old when he died. Some people say that his early death was because he did some unhuman things and was cursed by God to shorten his life. In fact, his hands-on style is the fatal killer of his exhaustion.
In the short five years of his reign, he cleaned up officials, selected talents, equalized land taxes, rectified the imperial army, restricted Buddhism, rewarded farming, restored water transportation, built water conservancy, revised criminal laws and calendars, and also tested Zhengya. He corrected the shortcomings of the imperial examinations, searched for lost books, carved ancient books, and promoted culture and education... He made many extraordinary actions that surpassed his predecessors and inspired future generations. No matter how energetic a person is, he is still a mortal body and cannot withstand the toil day and night year after year. Finally, at the sunset of June 29, 959 AD, when the sun set like blood, Chai Rong, who became ill due to years of fighting and overwork, passed away forever with his ambitions and regrets.