Dai Zi (1649 ~ 1726) was a firearms manufacturer in China in the Qing Dynasty. The word Kevin, No.,was born in Renhe, Zhejiang (now Hangzhou). Understand the art of war, know astronomical algorithms, and be good at poetry and painting. He has filmed Julian Fire and Zi Mu Bao.
When Kangxi first met him, he was asked to write the poem "Spring Dawn", which was appreciated and made him an assistant minister of the Hanlin Academy. His poems were better written after being persecuted and exiled to the northeast; Have certain attainments in painting and calligraphy; He is also familiar with temperament and participated in the compilation of Law and Lu Zhengyi. He is also familiar with astronomical algorithms; He also wrote "Ten Strategies for River Regulation", which had a great influence; He has great talent in research and manufacturing technology. Kangxi once asked him if he understood the truth that foreign things made France prosperous, and Dai Zi developed rapidly.
The most amazing thing is his ability to invent and manufacture fire weapons.
Dai Li once made a bird's nest, dedicated to He Yang. This bird's nest can fire 28 rounds in succession. According to Ji Yun's records, he learned from Dai Zi's sons and nephews that this bird spear is shaped like a pipa, and the upper part of the spear is called the spear ridge. There are two wheels, one of which automatically falls into the barrel, and the second machine moves accordingly, and the flint stimulates the bird spear to launch. Repeatedly, it is only needed after 28 shots are finished. This is an early automatic shooting weapon, but during the reign of the wise emperor Kangxi, this advanced weapon was not only not popularized, but also had no practical opportunity, and the real thing could only be hidden at home.
During the reign of Kangxi, westerners once boasted that Kangxi had a kind of firearm, called a flat-bellied shotgun. According to Kangxi's orders, Dai Zi soon produced many such guns. The so-called flat-bore shotgun should refer to a gun with boring lines (that is, double lines) in the barrel. Under the technological conditions at that time, it was not easy for Dai Zi to quickly manufacture a barrel with boring lines.
Dai Zi once "made his own firearms, and he can hit them from a hundred paces away". According to Ji Yun's records, thirty years after Qianlong (that is, seventy or eighty years later), the scope of the Qing army's operations in Xinjiang was only more than thirty steps. It can be seen that Dai Zi's production level is excellent, and firearms in Qing Dynasty are backward.
His most important contribution was to make a sub-gun. In the nineteenth year of Kangxi, he was ordered to make a sub-gun, which was characterized by replacing ordinary iron bullets or lead bullets with explosive bullets. Kangxi personally went to watch the performance and named it "General Weiyuan". During Kangxi's expedition to galdan, the auxiliary guns in the Battle of Zhaomodo showed great power. According to records, "the three guns broke their camp, which was a great victory." I don't know if this is an exaggeration, but it can be reasonably inferred that compared with the artillery that fires iron bullets or attacks a little lead bullets, this kind of shells will have a miraculous effect on the nomadic cavalry when they attack a large range of firearms after explosion. Zhungeer Khan has a kind of camel array, which is quite effective in grassland combat and just the effective target of the auxiliary gun.
It is such a wizard that Kangxi sent him to Tieling in Northeast China, which is really a great injustice. The cause of the unjust case is the false accusation made by Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest, a westerner, out of jealousy. At least two things will make Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest jealous. First, before Dai Li made the cannon, Kangxi ordered Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest to make it, but it couldn't be made in one year, so Dai Li made it, and Dai Li made it in only eight days. This made Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest "ashamed and angry". On the other hand, when Lily Lyu compiled A Theory of Justice, ferdinand verbiest and Dai Zi disagreed, and ferdinand verbiest could not argue with Dai Zi.
So Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest colluded with some people who had blackmailed Daizi but failed, falsely accusing Daizi of having an affair with Toyo (that is, Japan). As a result, Dai Zi was exiled.
Here are a few questions: first, can foreign missionaries be so despicable? The answer is yes. There is a precedent for Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest to frame his opponent: in the early years of Kangxi, a man named Yang Guangxian opposed Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest and the western calendar, and Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest hated it; After Kangxi detained Ao Bai, ferdinand verbiest falsely accused the emperor that Yang Guangxian was Ao Bai's best friend and wanted to kill him immediately. The shrewd Kangxi didn't cheat, but drove Yang Guangxian, a stubborn bookworm who didn't understand the astronomical calendar, home without any punishment.
A considerable proportion of missionaries who came to China in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties were sent by Jesuits, and Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest was also sent by Jesuits. Jesuits is a small organization of European Catholicism. Protestantism rose rapidly after the Reformation in Europe, and some Catholics organized cities to deal with Protestantism. In its actions, the Jesuits can do whatever it takes, including assassination, for the benefit of Catholicism, so the Jesuits are notorious in Europe. It is normal for members of this organization to use despicable means in order to get rid of a heretic who may threaten their position before the emperor.
Another question: Is this a case of confusion or deliberate injustice by Kangxi? It can be concluded that this is a well-known injustice of Kangxi. The reason is, if it's really a foreign crime, you're dead, not an exile crime. If he is not executed, it means that Kangxi knows that he has no way to enter Japan, so it is an unjust case. Besides, Kangxi is by no means the kind of person who does things carelessly.
The third question is, why did Kangxi do this to Dai Zi? The reason is that this man is a terrible potential danger to Manchu cavalry. Since the weapons he made can easily defeat Mongolian cavalry, it won't be difficult to defeat Manchu cavalry, which is the lifeblood of Kangxi. Kangxi attached great importance to this kind of sub-gun. In the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi, it was clearly stipulated that the auxiliary artillery was a weapon of the Eight Banners, and it was forbidden to be made in green camp mainly by the Han army (Dai Zi was still in exile).
It can be inferred from the debate between Dai Li and Ferdinand ferdinand verbiest, the red man of Kangxi, that he should be a man who lacks the appearance of a slave, and may even be a little unruly (as many geniuses are). The reasonable explanation is that Kangxi doesn't like this Han nationality who lacks slave image and is too capable of making firearms. Although he doesn't believe he knows much about Japan, he just takes it as a blow. Although Dai Li was loyal to the Qing Dynasty, he defected to the army when the Qing army attacked San Francisco Geng. He made great contributions and was received and promoted by Kangxi. Even so, Kangxi, who was too shrewd, persecuted such a potentially dangerous Han Chinese.
The result of such a versatile expert is sad. He has been in Tieling for more than 30 years, and even his son's native place has become the northeast. At the age of 78, he was forgiven and died on his way home. People often feel sorry for this. Zhao Lian clearly wrote in "Miscellanies of Xiao Ting" that "people * * * cherish it". Even euphemistically, it is extremely difficult for a Manchu nobleman to criticize the sage Kangxi.
Such a genius is too rare. If all his talents are brought into full play, he may be the Da Vinci of the East.
Kangxi was too clever. For his own benefit, because of a possible potential danger, he not only killed the genius, but also stopped the development of China's weapons.
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