Mi Fei (1051-107), with a personal seal, is called Lumenju, Xiangyang Manshi and Haiyue Waishi, and is called Min Nangong. He once lived in Taiyuan, then moved to Xiangyang, and then settled in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). He was called Yuan Wailang, a doctor of calligraphy and painting, and got to know Huaiyang Army. He is one of the four great calligraphers in Song Dynasty, and he is good at identification and calligraphy. There are also "Jin Bao Ying Guang Ji" and so on.
Wujiang qihongge
Clouds break, holes and sails break, jade breaks habitat, and gold breaks oranges.
Good new poems are sent to mulberry and bamboo, and rainbows and autumn colors are all over the south of the Yangtze River.
Broken bass (lú) fish: It's like saying "bass breaks jade". Perch, a kind of freshwater fish, also known as silver perch and jade perch, is mainly produced in Wujiang and is known as the "hometown of perch". Jade broken bass, describing the cut bass meat as jade. Golden orange: describes that the cut orange is golden. The East and West Mountains in Dongting are rich in high-quality citrus. "Gold breaks oranges" and "Song Wenjian" are called "Frost breaks oranges".
Wu Jiang Chuihong Pavilion is two landscape poems. The first song describes the beautiful scenery of Taihu Lake, realistic; The second song is romantic, which is related to the myths and legends such as the Weaver Girl setting up the loom and the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon. Honghongqiao, known as "the longest bridge in the south of the Yangtze River", has been known as the "Three Martial Arts" scenic spot since the bridge was built in the Song Dynasty. After being rebuilt into a multi-arch stone bridge, it is magnificent and beautiful, and it is a must in Jiangnan. In history, there are more than 100 celebrities who are full of admiration for this. Among them, Su Shunqin in the Song Dynasty "clouds open golden cakes, water sinks and lies in the rainbow", Yang Jie in the Song Dynasty "lies in the shadow with a rainbow of 80 feet, and thousands of jade are flawless", and Zheng Xie in the Song Dynasty "insects have a broad waist and whales carry high gold across the sea", which is known as the triple of Wujiang Long Bridge.
The clouds break, the sails break, the jade breaks the perch and the frost orange,
Good new poems are sent to mulberry and bamboo, and rainbows and autumn colors are all over the southeast.
This is a poem written by Mi Fei, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, reciting the weeping Hongqiao in Wujiang. It vividly depicts the magnificent scene of this ancient famous bridge with rippling water waves and flying Changhong.
Vertical Hongqiao is located outside the east gate of Songling Town, Wujiang, in Jacky of the ancient Wusong River (also known as Songjiang or Wujiang), formerly known as "Wangli Bridge" and commonly known as "Wujiang Long Bridge". Because there is a vertical rainbow pavilion on the bridge, it is also called "vertical Hongqiao".
Hongqiao was built in the Northern Song Dynasty, and its construction is closely related to the geographical situation of the ancient Wujiang River. Wujiang has been a water town since ancient times. Songling Town, the county seat, is located on the ancient Wusong River, with the vast Taihu Lake in the south. Wusong River accepts the east of Taihu Lake into the sea in the southeast of Songling, as the old ambition said: "To the south of Wujiang, there is no end, which is the Committee of Taihu Lake and the beginning of Songjiang." Before the Tang and Song Dynasties, the river was wide, the water depth was swift, and the wind was high and the waves were sharp. The ancient canal crosses the Wusong River here. In case of sudden changes in weather, people often capsize and drown, and official water transport has suffered repeated losses, which has brought great inconvenience to local residents. In the second year of Li Qing in the Northern Song Dynasty (1042), the government called people to build a long dike on the Wujiang River between rivers and lakes, with rivers in the east and lakes in the west. In order to make the lake flow eastward, there is a big gap in the southeast of the county, and the wind and waves are still rushing west of the canal and outside the long embankment, day and night. In order to ensure smooth water traffic and facilitate residents' communication, it is imperative to build a long bridge connecting the county seat and Wujiang Long Beach.
In the seventh year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1047), Wujiang county magistrate Wenli and county commandant Wang Tingjian raised millions of dollars to build a long bridge, which was put into use in June the following year. At that time, the bridge was more than 65,438+0,300 feet long, with a northwest-southeast trend and a brick-wood mixed structure. The bridge deck is paved with blue bricks and surrounded by railings on both sides, with thousands of trees. The center of the bridge is relatively wide, the pavilion is made of rainbow, and 85 holes under the bridge are interconnected. On Hongqiao, it is the choppy Taihu Lake. From a distance, it looks like a mainstay of Yu Hongtao. The shadow of the wave bridge and the mountains near the reeds in the distance are picturesque and become a scenic spot. After the completion of the bridge, the ship is protected from wind and rain, and it is very convenient for disciples to go home sooner or later. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the water of Taihu Lake flowed eastward from under the bridge, and the Rainbow Bridge became the throat of Wusong River. A large number of bridge opening eased the danger of Wusong River waves to a certain extent, so there was a poem in Song Dynasty that Songjiang never worried, but never worried.
After the completion of Hongqiao, it became a tourist attraction for literati, who all passed through Hongqiao without exception. Many poets boarded the bridge, looked at the surging Taihu Lake in the south, touched the scene and wrote well-known poems, and Hongqiao became famous all over the world. Zhang Xian, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, was a county magistrate in Wujiang. There is a poem that says, "The water rises from the bridge and the flood shadows hang down south, and the Taihu Lake is clear in the clear night." Jiang Kui, a famous writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, once left a message when passing by Hongqiao: "The rhyme of self-made new words is the most charming, and Xiaohong sings and I blow Xiao. The song ends at Songling Road and looks back at the 14 th Bridge of Yanbo. Famous artists in Song Dynasty, such as Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Mi Fei and Yang Wanli, all enjoyed climbing Hongqiao, facing the vast Taihu Lake and overlooking Dongting Mountain. Hanging down the rainbow and the bright moon, living in Songjiang and fishing for snow and fine sand are enough to make scholars of all ages linger.
Because wooden bridges are perishable and long bridges are often destroyed by soldiers, suspension bridges have to be repaired almost every year since their completion, and the number of bridge opening has also increased or decreased. In the eighth year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty (1304), there were 99 holes. In the second year of Taiding (1325), Zhang Xianzu, the judge of Wujiang Prefecture, opened 62 holes with stone and wood, and the bridge opening was curved and arched, and a huge stone lion stood on the east-west bridge. In the 12th year of Zheng Zheng (1352), Wujiang River supervised Nahai to rebuild Hongqiao, and wrote the word "Red" in calligraphy on the pavilion. Later generations called it Hongqiao, not Li Xiang Bridge. In the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1404), Wujiang County ordered Jiang Kui to use the stone face again, with double-layer stone railings on both sides, and the designs of lions were engraved on the railings, which were vivid and lifelike. In the fifty-ninth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1720), the Yi people such as Bao Xian and others invested in rebuilding Hongqiao. Due to the change of urban wells, the silt beach has been blocked and blocked. In the summer of the fourth year of the Republic of China (19 15), the government and the people raised funds to rebuild the bridge. But at this time, there are only forty or four bridge opening, but it is still spectacular, with one end attached to the East Gate wall and the other to the countryside. After liberation, there are still 37 holes in Hongqiao.
Vertical Hongqiao has shown its role in history. However, due to river siltation and frequent diversions, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the siltation of East Taihu Lake was shallow and urgent, the source of Wusong River moved northward, and bridge opening was gradually blocked by sediment, and the long bridge gradually silted up from north to south and became a field. During the dredging of Wusong River in Ming and Qing Dynasties, bridge opening was dredged many times, but it could not be restored. After liberation, the bridge was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit, but it was not carefully protected. Due to years of disrepair, Hongqiao collapsed for the first time on May 2, 1967, but no one dared to ask. In that turbulent era, who would care about this ancient bridge with no "political value"? So overnight, Yu Ji's bridge opening collapsed one after another, and the stones of the ancient bridge were misappropriated by nearby residents and units without authorization. Now there are only seven or eight bridge opening left. The famous weeping rainbow scenery is almost gone now, and only the poems handed down by predecessors can remind future generations of the scene of that year. Exactly: although there is no shadow of hanging Hongqiao, there are ten famous poems, which stand out in history.
Hongqiao experienced the collapse of 1967 in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and existed for 920 years. Its structure is similar to that of Suzhou baodai bridge today, but its length, number of holes and frequent maintenance are extremely rare in the history of bridge construction at home and abroad. As Mao Yisheng, a contemporary bridge designer, said, "Wujiang Hongqiao in Zhao Zhouqiao, Hebei Province and Luoyang Bridge in Quanzhou, Fujian Province are all famous bridges in ancient China."
The place where Hongqiao collapsed is now a red ruins park.