What is written on the stone? What kind of calligraphy is it? Which dynasty?

Generally speaking, stones with words are called monuments, and regular script in the Southern and Northern Dynasties reached a peak, represented by Buddhist statues and folk epitaphs. This kind of calligraphy is collectively called "Weibei", which is characterized by strong brushwork and font, and is a model of later calligraphy. Many people who learn regular script should copy Wei Bei O(∩_∩)O~