Qi Baishi (1864- 1957), a native of Xiangtan, Hunan, is one of the top ten painters in the 20th century and a world cultural celebrity. He is a famous painter and calligraphy seal engraver in China in the 20th century. He used to be a professor of Beijing National Academy of Art, honorary professor of Central Academy of Fine Arts, honorary president of Beijing Painting Academy and chairman of China Artists Association. He was awarded the title of "China People's Artist" and won the World Peace Council 1955 International Peace Gold Award. Representative works include Twelve Pages of Flowers, Grasshoppers and Insects, White Grass Stone Carving, etc. On May 22nd, 2065438+0/KLOC-0, his largest work "Song and Li Tu Si Yan Lian" was sold at a sky-high price of 425.5 million yuan.
Chinese name: Qi Baishi
Alias: Baishishan people
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Xiangtan, Hunan
Date of birth: 1864 65438+ 10/.
Date of death:1September 1957 16.
Occupation: painter
Masterpiece: Flowers, Grasshoppers and Insects, 12 pages, Stone Description of White Grass.
Qi Baishi 1 864 65438+1October1(22nd of the third year of Qing Tongzhi) was born in Xingziwu, Baishipu, Xiangtan County, and1September 1957 16 (August 23rd of Ding You) died in Beijing at the age of 93. His clan name is Chunzhi, posthumous title, Huang, Qing, Lanting, Lingsheng, alias Baishishan, so he went to the world in the name of Qi Baishi. There are a large number of pen names and self-names, such as Da Qi, Mu Ren, Mujushi, Hongdousheng, descendants of the former residence in the Tang Dynasty, borrowing Shan Weng, borrowing the owner of Yin Shan Pavilion, sending Garden, Pingweng, sending Pingtang Owner, President of Longshan, the rich man of three hundred lithographs, and the owner of Bai Shu Pear Flower.
Precious photos and portraits of Qi Baishi (20) Qi Baishi was born in poverty and did farm work. He once lived in Shi Yang Town, Lianyuan City, Hunan Province. 1877, I studied carpentry with my uncle, and changed to wood carving the next year. Starting with folk painters, I studied the original works of the ancients and copied the Biography of Mustard Garden as a new sculpture. He studied poetry and calligraphy, visited mountains and rivers, served as an aide and entertainer, and eventually became a master of poetry, calligraphy, printing and painting. He perfectly unified the spirit of Chinese painting with the spirit of the times, which made Chinese painting attract international attention. His simple and modest spirit, self-confidence and self-improvement make his works both rigid and flexible, and his works are excellent, and he deserves to be called a people's artist.
In his works, flowers, birds, insects, fish, landscapes and figures are all refined and new, creating a simple and fresh art world for the history of modern painting in China. He successfully conveyed the modern artistic spirit of Chinese painting with classic pen and ink interest, benefited from classical style and was good at innovation, so his paintings can directly touch people's hearts and convey the wisdom and philosophy of life to all beings in the world. His landscape paintings express his confidence and profound understanding of artistic innovation, his figure paintings are good at expressing emotions, and his simple and generous calligraphy and vigorous brushwork are integrated into figure paintings, which improves the expressive force of characters' inner expression.
Qi Baishi 1888 began to learn painting, and was the president of Longshan Poetry Society. 1890 at the age of 26, he turned to study portrait painting from Xiao Peng and Wen Shao. At the age of 27, he began to learn poetry and calligraphy from Hu Qinyuan and Shao Chen. At the age of 37, he studied with Confucian scholars and became a mentor with Li, Yang Du and others. Qi Baishi lived in his hometown, where he was born: Xingdoutang, Meigong Temple and Jiaruchong Jipingtang. From the age of 40, he left his hometown and traveled to Shaanxi, Henan, Beijing, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Guangdong and Guangxi, enjoying the famous mountains and rivers and making friends with contemporary celebrities. Fan Fanshan, Xia Wuyi and Guo Baosun are all close friends. Painting styles range from meticulous painting to calligraphy, from calligraphy to Wei Bei, and seal cutting from Ding to Zhao. At the age of 55, he fled to the north and settled in Beijing two years later. Chen Shiceng, Xu Beihong, Luo Yinghong, Lin Fengmian, etc. 1926, Qi Baishi was appointed honorary professor of the National Beiping Art College. He attended the National Congress of Literary and Art Workers twice in July 1949 and September 1953, and was elected as a member of the National Federation of Literary and Art Circles. 1August, 954, elected as the representative of the first National People's Congress; He has a deep friendship with President Mao Zedong and has been received. 1953 1 The Ministry of Culture awarded him the honorary certificate and the title of "People's Artist"; 195565438+In February, German Democracy and China Academy of Art awarded him the honorary certificate of Communication Academician; 1956 In April, the World Peace Council awarded him 1955 International Peace Prize, and an award ceremony was held in September; 1963 was selected as a world cultural celebrity by the World Peace Council. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he said that "the paintings are not for sale to the government". From 65438 to 0946, he resumed his career of selling paintings and managing printing. In the same year, he went to Nanjing and Shanghai to hold a solo exhibition, and served as honorary professor of Beiping Art Institute. . At the age of seventy-four, he went to Shu and met Huang and Jin Songcen.
Qi Baishi had two wives, seven sons and five daughters. 1874, parents decided to marry child bride Chen Chunjun. 188 1 year had sex with Chen Chunjun and had three sons (Liang Yuan, Fu Liang and Liang Kun) and two daughters. 1940, their first wife, Chen Chunjun, died in Xiangtan. 19 19, Hu Baozhu, a native of Sichuan, was hired as an assistant room. 194 1 year, she kept fit and gave birth to four sons (Liangchi, Liangsi, Liangnian and Liangmo) and three daughters. Hu Baozhu died on 1943. Qi Baishi was a famous painter and calligraphy seal engraver in China in the 20th century. He used to be a professor of Beijing National Academy of Art, honorary professor of Central Academy of Fine Arts, honorary president of Beijing Painting Academy and chairman of China Artists Association. He was awarded the title of "China People's Artist", won the World Peace Council 1955 International Peace Gold Award, and was elected as "World Cultural Celebrity" on the occasion of his birthday 1963. He is the author of nearly 100 kinds of paintings, such as Poem Pavilion by Mountain, Poem Grass by White Stone, Poem Grass by White Stone Seal, Autobiography of White Stone Old Man and Complete Works of Qi Baishi. Among them, Bai Shi Shi Hua Cao, Selected Works of Qi Baishi and Qi Baishi's Works have been handed down to this day.
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the commander and spy chief of Beiping puppet police announced his birthday and invited Qi Baishi, a master of Chinese painting, to a banquet to paint. Qi Baishi came to the banquet, looked around the room full of guests, thought for a while and spread out the paper. In the blink of an eye, an ink crab jumped onto the paper. Everyone was full of praise and beaming with joy. Unexpectedly, with a stroke of his pen, Qi Baishi wrote a line on the painting: "See how long you have to be wild", then wrote "General Wu Tie", and then looked up and left. A traitor wants a painting. Qi Baishi painted a tumbler with a white nose and a black silk hat, and wrote a poem: "The black silk and white fan are like officials, and the makeup is suddenly broken without pouring the original mud." Where is the heart? " 1937, the daily payment is coming.
The invading army occupied Beiping. In order not to be used by the enemy, Qi Baishi insisted on staying at home and posted a notice at the door, saying, "Chinese and foreign officials can use representatives to buy Baishi's paintings without having to drive to the door in person. They have never been in the house, and the official has entered the house, which is unfavorable to the owner. I hereby inform you that you will not accept it. " Qi Baishi was not satisfied, so he drew another picture to show his intention. The picture is very special. When people draw a jade bird, they let it stand on a stone or lotus path and look at the fish on the water. However, Qi Baishi painted not sturgeon on the water, but shrimp in deep water, and wrote an inscription on the painting: "Those who have never painted jade must paint fish, and I paint shrimp alone, but the shrimp does not float." Where is the jade? " Qi Baishi closed the door to thank guests, calling himself shrimp, and compared the official traitor and the Japanese to jade, which was hidden and thought-provoking. Qi Baishi has an honest and frank side. During the occupation, he was hired as a professor by the National Art Institute. He wrote the words "Qi Baishi is dead" on the envelope of the letter of appointment, and the original letter was returned. A fake policeman wanted to take the opportunity to ask him for a painting, but Mr. Qi sternly refused.
Qi Baishi takes good care of his disciples. 1933, Li Ji, a monk who just graduated from Hangzhou West Lake Art College, was introduced by Pan Tianshou and studied under Qi Baishi in the capital. On one occasion, Qi Baishi said to Li Jisheng, "In some places, the pens used in your works are too small, so you must use bigger pens instead." He then asked, "Do you have a lot of money?" ? Monk Li saw him shake his head and immediately said, "I'll give you one." After that, Qi Baishi took monk Li to a storage room with a mouthful of "longevity materials". The master used the stool as a cushion, stepped on the "Shoucai", took down several paper packages on the wooden frame against the wall, and then picked a bundle of long pens and said, "These are long pens. Choose them yourself." Monk Li was so happy that he immediately took two extra-large wool pens. At that time, although Li sent monks to teach in Beiping Art College, there were few class hours and little income. Now the master has given him such an expensive pen, which can be described as a timely help. Although this is not a big deal, it will make Li send the monk unforgettable. When Qi Baishi was in his 70 s, he said to people: I just know that I can't draw. People unanimously praised the modesty of the old man. The old painter said, I really can't draw. People praised him more and more, but of course no one believed what he said. At that time, the old man Baishi also argued with Guo Moruo and Mao Zedong for a "waste painting".
Qi Baishi's Works (20 pieces) Qi Baishi advocates that artistic beauty lies in similarity and difference, and painters such as Fa, Shi Tao and Wu Changshuo. Formed a unique freehand brushwork style of Chinese painting, with flowers, birds, insects and fish, especially fruits, vegetables, flowers, birds, insects and fish, and landscapes, and became famous for a time, enjoying the same reputation as Wu Changshuo. His paintings, with their simple folk art style and traditional literati painting style, reached the peak of modern flower-and-bird painting in China. After Qi Baishi was 80 years old, the technique of painting shrimp was quite exquisite and amazing. Qi Baishi was greatly influenced by Chen Shiceng in painting art, and he also learned from Wu Changshuo. He specializes in drawing birds, and his pen is full of ink. But painting insects is meticulous and extremely fine; He also appreciates Xu Wei, Zhu Da, Shi Tao and Jin Nong, especially shrimp, crab, cicada, butterfly, fish, bird and ink painting, which are full of vitality in nature. The landscape composition is unique, unconventional and creative; Seal cutting is unique; Calligraphy stands out and is well known to everyone. Qi Baishi's paintings are against unrealistic dreams. He often pays attention to the characteristics of flowers, birds, insects and fish and tries to figure out their spirit. He once said: To draw a picture of all kinds of insects, to draw a picture of all kinds of birds, you must draw your own face. His sentences are very witty and clever. He drew two chickens fighting for a bug, and the title said, "I'll call you tomorrow." A picture of cotton reads: "Flowers warm the world, but flowers cool the world". The title of "Tumbler Map" is "Autumn fans shake white on both sides, and official robes are black."
His seal cutting, first learned Ding Jing and Huang, then learned Zhao? Uncle, and take French, Chinese and Indian; See "Sangong Mountain Monument" and "Tiantan Monument". The seal cutting method is changing again and again, and the printing style is magnificent and unrestrained, which is a representative figure in the evolution period of modern printing style. His calligraphy is widely spread in inscriptions, and he once lived in He, Jin Dongxin and other places, especially in seal cutting and running script.
Poetry does not seek work, has no meaning of Tang and Song Dynasties, learns from nature, and has a unique style of painting and printing poetry, which is called the four musts. I have worked hard all my life, worked tirelessly, earned my own living, and have high moral character, especially national integrity. He left more than 30,000 paintings, more than 3,000 poems, self-reports and other manuscripts, and wrote many volumes. His works are repeatedly displayed in various forms.