1. 10 classical Chinese essays
(1) Wen Zhengming's calligraphy "Shulin Chronicles" The original text was written by Wen Zhengming in the "Thousand-Character Essay", and he wrote ten copies of it every day. Great progress.
I have been reading books all my life, and I have never been content with answering people's simple letters. The translator Wen Zhengming supervised the writing of "Wenwen", and he wrote ten copies a day as a standard, and his calligraphy improved rapidly.
He has never been careless about writing in his life. Sometimes when someone replies to a letter and it's a little bit incomplete, I must rewrite it over and over again without fear of trouble.
Therefore, his calligraphy becomes more exquisite and beautiful as he gets older. (2) Xue Tan Xueyue. The original text is that Xue Tan Xueyue admired Qin Qing. He thought that he had exhausted the skills of Qin Qing, so he resigned and returned home.
Qin Qingfu stopped, walking on the suburban thoroughfare, singing sad songs at festivals, the sound vibrated the trees, and the sound stopped the moving clouds. Xue Tan wanted to rebel, but he never dared to return.
Translation Xue Tan learned singing from Qin Qing, but before he had finished learning Qin Qing's skills, he thought he had learned all he could, so he left and went home. Qin Qing did not dissuade him and bid him farewell on the road outside the city. Qin Qing beat the beat and sang a sad song.
The singing vibrated the trees, and the sound stopped the moving clouds. Xue Tan then apologized to Qin Qing and asked to come back to continue studying.
From then on, he never dared to say that he wanted to go home again. (3) Fan Zhongyan aspired to the world. Original text: Fan Zhongyan was orphaned at the age of two, and his family was poor and helpless.
He rarely has great ambitions. He always takes the world as his own responsibility and studies hard. Or he is lazy at night and often eats rice with water. He eats porridge while reading without food. ‖Since he was an official, he always spoke generously about world affairs without caring about his own life.
He was even slandered and demoted, and was relegated to Dengzhou by participating in political affairs. ‖Zhong Yan worked hard and worked hard, but his diet was not heavy on meat. His wife only had enough food and clothing.
I often recite to myself: "A scholar should worry about the world's worries first, and rejoice after the world's happiness." Translation: Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was two years old, and his family was poor and helpless.
He had great ambitions when he was young and often washed his head and face with cold water. I often couldn't even eat, so I ate porridge and kept studying.
After becoming an official, he often talked about world affairs, regardless of his own safety. So much so that some people were demoted for speaking ill of him, and were demoted from being the governor of Dengzhou to being the governor of Dengzhou.
Fan Zhongyan trained himself hard and did not eat much meat. He only provided food and clothing for his wife and children by himself. He often recited two sentences from his works: "A scholar should worry before the world is worried, and be happy after the world is happy."
(4) Sima Guang's "Records of the Words and Deeds of Famous Officials of the Three Dynasties" by Sima Guang 》Original text When Sima Wen Gong was young, he was not as good as others when he asked about his troubles. He lived in groups and taught. After all the brothers had finished reciting, they stopped wandering around. When he was alone, he could not recite it twice, and then he stopped. The person who exerts more force will achieve farther, and what he recites carefully will be remembered throughout his life.
Duke Wen once said: "You can't fail to recite the book. You can gain a lot by chanting the text and thinking about its meaning while riding a horse or staying awake at night." Poems and books are not as good as others in their ability to prepare responses.
Everyone studied and discussed together. The other brothers had already learned how to recite and went to play and rest. (Sima Guangque) studied hard alone, as focused and hard as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius when they were studying, until they were proficient. Until he recites it carefully, (because) he has more energy in reading now, the harvest will be long-term, and the books he has read and recited intensively will be remembered for the rest of his life. Sima Guang once said: "You can't read without memorizing. When you are riding a horse or walking, or when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, you can recite the article you have read and think about its meaning. You will gain a lot!" (5) Ouyang Xiu studied hard " "Ouyang Gong's Deeds" Original text Ouyang Gong was orphaned at the age of four, and his family was poor and had no resources.
The lady painted the ground with grass and taught calligraphy. Recite more ancient passages.
It was a little long, and there was no book to read at home, so I borrowed it from the scholar's family in Lu and read it, or copied it, so that I forgot to sleep and eat day and night, only reading was my business. He has written poems and texts since he was a child, and he has written like an adult.
Translation Mr. Ouyang Xiu's father died when he was four years old. His family was poor and had no money for him to study. The wife used reed stalks to draw pictures on the sand and taught him to write.
He also taught him to recite many passages from ancient times. When he got older and there were no books to read at home, he would go to nearby scholars' homes to borrow books to read, and sometimes copy them.
In this way, I worked day and night, forgetting food and sleep, just studying.
From his childhood poems and poems, his writing has reached an adult level, which is so high.
(6) Zhang Wugao diligently studied "Helin Jade Dew" The original text Zhang Wugao was relegated to Hengpu and lived in Baojie Temple in the west of the city. His dormitory has a short window, and he holds a book under the window every day and reads in full view.
Fourteen years like this. Returning from the north, the traces of the double folds on the stone under the window are still visible.
Translation Zhang Jiucheng was demoted to Hengpu and lived in Jiesi Temple in the west of the city. The room he lived in had a short window. Every day at dawn, he would always stand under the window with a book and read in the faint morning light.
This has been going on for fourteen years. When he returned to the north, the traces of his feet were still faintly visible on the stone under the window.
(7) Wang Mian's night reading "Collected Works of Scholars of the Song Dynasty" at the Monastery. The original text is Wang Mianzhe, a native of Zhuji. When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered him to herd cattle on the mountain, sneak into the school building, and listen to the students reciting books. After listening, he memorized them silently.
Returning home in the evening, he forgot his cow, and his father angrily beat him up. It's back to its original state.
My mother said, "My son is so crazy, why won't he listen to what he does?" Mian Yin left and lived in a monk's temple. At night, I went out and sat on the Buddha's lap, held the plan and read it under the light of a long bright lamp, and it was so loud that the whole day was over.
There are many earthen idols in the Buddha statues, they are ferocious and terrifying, and they are as calm as if they don't know how to look at children. Translation Wang Mian is from Zhuji County.
When he was seven or eight years old, his father asked him to herd cattle on the field. He secretly ran into the school to listen to the students reading. After listening to it, I always remember it silently.
When he returned home in the evening, he forgot all about the cattle grazing. Wang Mian's father was furious and beat Wang Mian.
Afterwards, he was still like this. His mother said: "This child wants to study so much, why not let him do it?" Wang Mian therefore left home and stayed in a temple.
As soon as night came, he walked out quietly, sat on the lap of the Buddha statue, held a book in his hand and read under the light of the lantern in front of the Buddha statue. The sound of the book continued until dawn. Most of the Buddha statues are made of clay, and their faces are ferocious and scary.
Although Wang Mian was a child, his expression was calm, as if he had not seen anything. (8) Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang (Excerpt) Song Lian Original text Yu was addicted to learning when he was young. His family was poor and he had no way to write a book and make insights. Every time he borrowed it from a book collector, he wrote it down by hand and counted the days to return it.
It is very cold, the inkstone is hard, and the fingers cannot be flexed or stretched, so do not be lazy. After recording, I went to see him off, not daring to exceed the appointment.
Therefore, many people spend their spare time reading books, and I have to read all the books. Not only do I admire the way of saints and sages, but I also worry that there are no great teachers, famous people and tourists, so I try to follow them hundreds of miles away. 2. Translation of classical Chinese
(Western Han Dynasty) Liu Xiang
[Original text]
Dr. Liang was a native of the Song Dynasty and served as a border county magistrate, bordering the Chu State. . Both Liang's and Chu's side pavilions grow melons, each with its own quantity. The people in the pavilion on the edge of the Liang Dynasty watered their melons with great strength, and the melons were beautiful. The people of Chu irrigated their melons sparingly, and the melons were evil. The king of Chu was angry at the beauty of the Liang Gua and the evil of the Pavilion Gua. Chu Ting's people hated the virtuous people in Liang Ting. Because they went to steal Liang Ting's melons at night, some of them died. Liang Tingjue, because he invited his lieutenant, also wanted to steal and scratch Chu Ting's melons, so the lieutenant invited Song Jiu. He said: "Evil! What's wrong? Building grudges is the way to disaster. People are also evil when they are evil. What's wrong with that? If I teach my son, I will let people go there every night and steal his melons for Chu Ting's good deeds every night. Don't let me know." So Liang Ting stole the melons from Chu Ting every night. When the Chu Pavilion walks along the melons, it will be filled with water. The melons will be beautiful every day. If the Chu Pavilion observes the strange things, this is what Liang Pavilion did. The King of Chu was very happy when he heard about it, because he had heard about it from the King of Chu. When the King of Chu heard about it, he was ashamed and thought of himself as a miner. He told the officials: "Whoever scratches the melon a little is not guilty of anything else? This is the Yin of Liang. "I thanked him with a heavy coin and asked him to hand it over to the King of Liang. The King of Chu said that the King of Liang believed him, so the joy between Liang and Chu began in the Song Dynasty. There is a saying: "Returning defeat can lead to merit, and reversing misfortune can lead to blessing." Laozi said: "Repaying evil with virtue." This is what we mean. Madam is not good at all, but she is useless!
——Selected from "New Preface·Miscellaneous Things"
[Translation]
There was a doctor named Song Jiu in Liang State who once worked as a border county The county magistrate, this county is adjacent to the Chu State. The border barracks of Liang State and the border barracks of Chu State both grew melons, each with its own method. The border guards of Liang were hard-working and often watered their melon fields, so the melons grew well; the soldiers of Chu were lazy and seldom watered their melons, so the melons did not grow well. The county magistrate of Chu State angrily blamed the soldiers of Chu State for not planting the melons well because Liang State's melons were good.
The Chu soldiers were jealous that the Liang soldiers were better at growing melons than themselves, so they secretly turned over their melons at night, so some of the Liang melons would wither and die. Liang soldiers found out about this, so they asked the county captain to secretly take revenge and disturb the melon fields in Chu camp. The county lieutenant asked Song for instructions on this matter, and Song said: "Oh! How can this be done? Enmity is the root of trouble. When others do bad things, you also do bad things. How can you be so narrow-minded! Let's let it happen. I will teach you how to send people over every night to water the melon gardens of the Chu army secretly at night, without letting them know." So the Liang soldiers secretly watered the Chu army every night. Soldier's melon garden. The Chu soldiers went to the melon garden to inspect the melon garden in the morning and found that it had been watered and the melons were growing better and better day by day. The Chu soldiers felt strange, so they looked carefully and found out that it was Liang soldiers who had done it. The county magistrate of Chu State was very happy when he heard about it, so he reported it to the King of Chu in detail. After hearing this, the King of Chu felt sad and ashamed, and took it as his own heartache. So he told the officials in charge: "Investigate those who made trouble in other people's melon fields. Do they have other crimes? This is the Liang people secretly blaming us." So he took out a generous gift and expressed his apology to Song Dynasty. And asked to make friends with King Liang. The King of Chu often praised King Liang, thinking that he could keep his word. Therefore, the friendly relations between Liang and Chu began in the Song Dynasty. The old saying goes: "Turn failure into success, turn disaster into happiness." "Laozi" says: "Repay others' hatred with kindness." That's what it means. Others have already done wrong things, so why should they be imitated?
Comments:
This article tells the famous story of Song Jiu, a doctor of Liang Dynasty, who used "the benefit of watering melons" to resolve the grievances between Liang and Chu Bianting. The image of a tolerant person who causes disputes is very clear. Use specific examples to write about a person's mind and character, and the technique of describing people by things is outstanding. As the origin of the idiom "The benefits of watering melons", the principles contained in this article also have a strong enlightenment effect today: in dealing with interpersonal relationships and various social relationships, we must be tolerant and generous in everything, put the overall situation first, "take a step back and the sky will be brighter" "The approach is by no means cowardly, but rather to retreat into advancement, to resolve the possibility of conflict, thereby transforming tensions of contradictions and opposition into a powerful situation of peaceful settlement for both parties. 3. From Huangniutan east to Xiling boundary, the classical Chinese text was translated into modern Chinese
Translation:
The river flows eastward from Huangniutan to Xiling boundary and it is more than a hundred miles to the mouth of the gorge. The mountains are The direction of water flow is very twists and turns. The high mountains on both sides of the river heavily block the river. Unless it is noon or midnight, the sun and moon cannot be seen. Some of the cliffs on the bank are as high as a thousand feet, and the colors and conditions of the stones on the walls have many shapes that resemble something.
The trees are tall and dense from winter to spring. The chirping sound of the apes is very clear and sad, echoing in the valley, the sound is endless. What (people) call the "Three Gorges", this is one of them. Yuan Shansong said: "I often hear that the water in the gorge is very fast. Book records and oral legends all warn that climbing here is scary, but no one has praised the beauty of the mountains and rivers.
Come and climb here in person. Once I got there, I felt so happy that I believed that what I heard was better than what I saw with my own eyes. The cascading cliffs, beautiful peaks, strange structures, and unusual shapes were indeed difficult to describe in words. The trees in the mountain forest were so tall and lush. , actually outside the clouds. I looked up to admire the mountains and distant trees, and leaned down to watch the reflection in the river. The more I became familiar with the scenery, the more beautiful it became.
I lingered for two nights, and I didn’t realize that I had forgotten to return. I have never seen or experienced it with my own eyes. I have been so happy to appreciate this unique landscape. It is a spiritual thing. It is a surprise that I have finally met my soulmate after all this time."
Original text:
From the east of Huangniutan to the boundary of Xiling, to the mouth of the gorge for a hundred miles, the mountains and rivers are winding, and there are high mountains and heavy obstacles on both sides. The sun and the moon are not visible except in the middle of the day and midnight. The cliffs may be thousands of feet long, and the stone quarries are The color is described as being similar to many things. The trees are tall and luxuriant, and the winter and spring are almost complete. The ape calls are clear, and the sound of the valley is endless. The so-called Three Gorges is one of them. Shan Song said: I have often heard of water hazards in the gorge, and I have been told by secretaries and oral practitioners to warn them in the face of fear. There has never been a time when the mountains and rivers were said to be beautiful.
After I came to this place, I was so happy that I began to believe that what I heard was better than seeing it with my own eyes. Its overlapping peaks and strange structures are difficult to describe. The trees are deserted and the distance is awe-inspiring, just outside the clouds.
Looking up and looking down, I become more accustomed to it, lingering in it, never forgetting to return. What I have experienced is unprecedented. Now that you are delighted to see this wonder and see the spirit of the mountains and rivers, you should also be surprised to know that it will last for eternity.
From: "Yi Du Ji", selected from Yang Shoujing's calligraphy.
Extended information:
Appreciation
If mountains and rivers had emotions and consciousness like people, their beauty would be loved and recognized by others, and they would definitely As happy as meeting a close friend. The above article directly expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of personally visiting "this place".
Introduction to the author:
Yang Shoujing (June 2, 1839 - January 9, 1915), a native of Lucheng Town, Yidu City, Hubei Province, was awarded the title of Kaifeng , changed his name to Shoujing, and in his later years called himself Old Man Linsu. He was an outstanding historical geographer, epigrapher, bibliographer, calligrapher, numismatist and bibliophile in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.
Yang Shoujing studied diligently throughout his life, learned a lot and memorized it well, and was famous for his expertise in textual research. He was a university student who integrated geology, epigraphy, calligraphy, coins, book collections, and tablet bibliography. who. He wrote 83 kinds of works in his life, and was known as "the first beginner in the late Qing Dynasty". His representative work "Commentary on the Water Classic" is a monument in the history of Li's studies.
The author Mr. Bai’s story:
When Yang Shoujing was six years old, his mother taught him how to read and write. When he was 8 years old, his mother hired a teacher for him, Mr. Qin. One day, my mother prepared a banquet and invited Mr. Tan to dinner. After the banquet, Mr. Tan took a piece of chicken leg and bit it.
At this time, Yang Shoujing was holding a bowl of mung bean soup from the kitchen, offering it to Mr. Qin and said: The mung bean soup is boiling and hot. Mr. Qin was shocked when he heard this. He was very impressive at a young age, so he happily accepted this student. The next day was the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month. Every house in Lucheng, Yidu hung red lanterns at the door. Mr. Qin’s wife made a big lantern with a carp jumping over the dragon gate.
Mr. Qin wrote the first couplet on the right side of the lantern: dragon changes into fish, fish becomes dragon, dragon fish changes. After writing, ask Yang Shoujing to come and compare the second couplet. Yang Shoujing said, "Teacher, what would you reward me if I were matched?" Mr. Qin said, "You can choose one of the four treasures of the study on my desk." Yang Shoujing said: The old bring the young, the young bring the old, the old and the young are happy.
After hearing this, Mr. Qin praised it greatly and said repeatedly: "Okay, okay, okay!" Yang Shoujing immediately climbed up on Mr. Tan's desk, picked up a Duan Inkstone and ran home. 4. Complete Collection of Classical Chinese Prose
Peach Blossom Spring by Tao Yuanming 1. Explanation of the following underlined words: The stream runs along the bank for hundreds of steps, the fragrant grass is delicious, the fallen flowers are colorful, and the fisherman who walks forward wants to exhaust the forest seems to be very different. If there is light, the land is flat, the houses look like yellow hair, there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboos, people walking on the street are like strangers, and they are happy and happy. They are shocked, and all the people who come to ask questions are sighing. The rest of the people come back to their homes, and the people say this: Then he helped him to the road and went to the prefecture. The prefect immediately sent people to follow him. He happily followed him but failed to find his illness and ended up not caring about him. 2. Explain the following sentences in modern Chinese: 1. Walking by the stream, I forget how far the road is.
2. Fishermen are very different. 3. The land is flat and vast, with well-groomed houses, fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees, and bamboos.
4. Traffic on the streets, chickens and dogs hearing each other. 5. The men and women who come and go there are dressed like outsiders.
6. The yellow hair hangs down and the young man is happy. 7. Ziyun's ancestors fled the chaos of the Qin Dynasty and led his wife's people to come to this desperate situation.
8. The remaining people went back to their homes and drank and drank. 3. Summarize the answer in your own words 1. What is the natural environment and social environment of Peach Blossom Spring, as well as the living conditions and mental state of the people? ① Natural environment: ② Social environment: ③ Living conditions: ④ Mental state: 2. What are the characteristics of the Peach Blossom Land described by the author? (What kind of life is the author pursuing?) 3. What do you think of Peach Blossom Spring’s behavior of taking refuge in Peach Blossom Spring and “never coming back”? 4. Everyone has his own ideal kingdom in his heart. What is your ideal kingdom like? Describe it in vivid language.
4. The word has multiple meanings ① Jin Taiyuanzhong ② There are no miscellaneous tree records ① Looking for the direction ② Everywhere ① Wuling people are fishing ② Not enough for outsiders to find ways ① Looking for the direction and ambition ② Looking for illness and finally hearing ① I heard that there is this person in the village ② Specific words of what I heard about the house ① The boat is built ② The house is like ① There is planting in it ② Setting up wine and killing chickens for food 5. Different meanings in ancient and modern times 1. The grass is delicious. Ancient: Today: 2. A sudden enlightenment. Ancient: Today: 3. Traffic on the streets. Ancient: Today: 6. Tongjiazi. Find the word Tongjiazi in the next sentence, and explain that it means returning home: 7. Several idioms summarized from this article an idiom and explain it. (At least four) Inscription on the humble house Liu Yuxi 1. Translation 1. This is a humble house, but I am virtuous and kind.
2. There is no messy ears of silk and bamboo, and there is no laborious shape of case documents. 3. Confucius said: What is so shameful? 2. Explain the following underlined words. If there is an immortal, there will be a name. If there is a dragon, there will be a spirit. It is a shabby room, but I am virtuous, chatting and laughing. There are scholars who come and go. There is no white man who can tune the piano. Read the Golden Sutra. There is no chaos of silk and bamboo. There is no case or paper. 3. Reading Text, answer questions.
1. The sentence (word) that governs the entire article and points out the main idea is: 2. The title sentence of the article: _______, ______. 3. The article shows the elegance of the scenery, the elegance of communication, and the elegance of taste in the humble house from three aspects: _____, _____, and ______. It shows that "only my virtue is sweet" and that "the humble house is not shabby."
4. The sentences used by ancient famous sages to describe themselves are: _____, _____. The purpose of using analogies is to show that the owner also has the interests and ambitions of ancient famous sages, and to further highlight the "virtue and kindness".
5. The finishing sentence of the whole text is: ____, which quotes Confucius and means that a gentleman regards himself as a gentleman, explaining that "a shabby house will not be shabby if a virtuous person lives there." 6. Both "Inscription on the Humble Room" and "Shuo Ai Lian" adopt the writing method of ____.
This article uses a mountain with immortals and water with dragons as a metaphor for a humble house to introduce the main idea. The concept of "Dexin" runs throughout the entire article.
Ailian said Zhou Dunyi 1. Explain the underlined words below. The cute ones are very fond of chrysanthemums. People in the world love peonies very much. Peonies come out of the mud and do not stain the clear ripples. They are not demons and cannot be played with. How can I say that chrysanthemums are rarely heard after the pottery and are suitable for everyone? 2. Explain the following sentences in modern Chinese 1. Lovely people Very fan.
2. I love the lotus that emerges from the mud and remains unstained. 3. Clean the water without being evil.
4. Straight in the middle and straight on the outside, no vines or branches, the fragrance is far away and clear, and the plants are neat and tidy. 5. You can watch from a distance but don’t play with it.
6. The love of chrysanthemum is rarely heard of after Tao. 7. The love of peony is suitable for everyone.
3. Text Study 1. In the first paragraph, from what aspects does the author describe the lovely image of lotus and endow lotus with beautiful qualities? What kind of sentiment does it intend to express? 2. Judging from the author's praise of Lotus, what kind of character should such a gentleman have? 3. The author does not want to live in seclusion, nor does he covet wealth. What does he pursue? 4. Mencius believed: "Those who are close to vermilion are red, and those who are close to ink are black." This is contrary to Zhou Dunyi's view of "coming out of the mud but not stained, and washing the clear ripples without being evil." Which view do you agree with? Tell me what you think . He Zhou Ji Wei Xuezhen 1. Explain the following underlined words as palaces and even birds and beasts. They can not be pictographically tasted according to the situation. The nuclear boat is covered with a big Su and spreads over the red cliff. The clouds are eight points high and can be two millet. The breeze is covered with Ruo canopy. The Buddha's seal of Qingnao is on the right side, and the Buddha's seal on the two knees is incomparable to Maitreya. His head is raised and his expression is not the same as that of Su and Huang. He supports the boat with his right arm and leans on a rung with his left hand. He listens to the sound of tea, but the back of the boat is slightly tilted. Painted its color, ink, its color and elixir, and calculated its length. It was not full of inches, covered with simple peach kernels and repaired narrowly. The following two sentences are explained in modern Chinese: 1. It is not pictographic according to the situation, and each has its own mood.
2. The person with the middle crown and many beards is Dongpo. 3. His two knees are relatively close to each other, and each is hidden in the folds of his clothes.
4. The Buddha's seal is extremely similar to Maitreya's, with his bare breasts exposed, his head raised and his eyes raised, and his expression is not that of Su and Huang. 5. If the back of the boat is slightly flat, then an inscription is placed on it.
6. It is as thin as a mosquito's feet, and its color is ink after the hook is drawn. 7. The skills are amazing.
3. Text Study 1. The following misunderstanding of the sentence is A. The spacious part in the middle is the cabin: the raised and spacious part in the middle is the cabin. B. The length of the bow and stern of the boat is about eight minutes. Youqi: the length of the boat is about eight minutes.
C. The clouds of Da Su panning over Red Cliff are engraved on the top of the boat.
D. Ability to carve palaces, utensils, and figures out of wood one inch in diameter: Able to carve palaces, utensils, and figures out of wood one inch in length.
2. Based on the full text, point out one of the following statements that is wrong. A. The article "Nuclear Boat Records" is selected from "Yu Chu Xin Zhi" edited by Zhang Chao in the Qing Dynasty. B. The article explains the ingenuity of the sculptor's conception and praises his superb skills.
C. The article describes the artistic image of the sculpture "Nuclear Boat", which shows the outstanding achievements of ancient Chinese arts and crafts. D. "Taste the remaining nuclear boat", which refers to Wang Shuyuan's gift of the nuclear boat to Su Shi.
3. The following errors in understanding the content of the selected text are: A. The first paragraph briefly introduces the exquisite skills of the sculptor Wang Shuyuan and highlights the theme of the sculpture "Nuclear Boat". B. The theme of the sculpture "Nuclear Boat" is "Da Su Pan Chibi".
C. "There are small windows on the side, four on the left and eight on the left" introduces the size of the nuclear boat. D. Introduction Wang Shuyuan can use very small raw materials to perform very well. 5. "From the east of the Yellow River beach to the Xiling boundary" classical Chinese
Should it be "from the east of the Huangniu beach to the Xiling boundary"? It is an excerpt from "Shui Jing Zhu".
The river flows to the east and leads to Guangxi Gorge, which is the head of the Three Gorges. There are Qutang and Huangqian Beach in the gorge. The gorge cover was dug by Yu in the past to connect the river. Guo Jingchun said that the Badong Gorge was opened after the Xia Dynasty.
The river flows to the east and leads to Wu Gorge, which was dug by Du Yu to connect the river. The river flows east of the gorge and breaks into a new beach. The one hundred and sixty miles from beginning to end is called Wu Gorge, named after the mountain.
The river flows eastward and flows to the head beach. The water is steep and fast, making it impossible for fish and turtles to swim, making it difficult for travelers. His song says: "The white trees on the beach are standing firm, but they suddenly disappear without any hope." Yuan Shansong said: "It has been more than five thousand miles from Shu to this point; It takes five days to go down to the water and a hundred days to go up the water."
The river flows eastward, to the north of Yichang County, and is on the south bank of the county-governed river. The river flows eastward, passing by Langwei Beach and passing by Rentan Beach. The river flows eastward, passing by Huangniu Mountain. There is a beach at the bottom called Huangniu Beach. The river flows eastward, passing through the Xiling Gorge. Yidu records: "From the east of Huangniutan to the boundary of Xiling, to the mouth of the gorge for a hundred miles, the mountains and rivers are winding, and there are high mountains and heavy obstacles on both sides. The sun and moon are not visible except in the middle of the day and midnight. The cliffs may be thousands of feet long, and their rocks are colorful. It describes many things. The trees are tall and luxuriant in winter and spring. The sound of apes is clear, and the sound of the valley is endless. "
This is one of the so-called Three Gorges. Shan Song said: "I often heard that the water in the gorge was dangerous, and I was warned by the secretary and oral tradition that I was afraid of it. It was never said that the beauty of the mountains and rivers was there. When I came to this place, I was so happy that I began to believe that what I heard was better than seeing it with my own eyes. It's overlapping. The strange structure of Xiuxiu Peak is difficult to describe. The trees are deserted and the scenery is bright and clear. Looking up at it, you will feel the beauty of it. You will never forget it. Yes. Since I am delighted by this wonder and the spirit of the mountains and rivers, I should also be surprised to know that it will last forever." 6. The Complete Collection of Classical Chinese Prose
Those who have a temple in the state of Chu will be given wine to their relatives.
The others said to each other: "Several people have not enough to drink, but one person has more than enough to drink. Please draw a snake on the ground, and the one who becomes the first to drink will drink."
One person becomes the snake first, and the lead is While drinking the wine, he held a jigsaw in his left hand, drew a snake in his right hand, and said, "I can make it a foot!" Before it was completed, a man's snake was formed, and he took the jigsaw and said, "The snake has no legs, how can I make it a foot?" Then he drank. Its wine. Those who are snake-footed will eventually lose their wine.
Notes 1. Temple (cí): sacrifice. The nobles of the Zhou Dynasty had to offer sacrifices to their ancestors all year round. Each quarter's sacrifices had a special name. Spring sacrifices were called "ancestral temples".
Ancestral person: an official in charge of sacrifices. 2. Sheren: a retainer, a person who works under someone.
3.卮(zhī): An ancient wine vessel, similar to a pot. 4. Talk to each other: discuss with each other.
5. Please draw a snake on the ground: Ask everyone to draw a snake on the ground. Painting on the ground: painting on the ground (the process of painting).
For snake: draw a snake (the result of the drawing). 6. Introduce wine and drink it: Pick up the jug and prepare to drink.
Introduction: take, lift. 7. Snakes have no legs: Snakes have no legs.
Gu: originally, originally. 8. Zi: a respectful name for people, you; you.
9. An Neng: How can it be; how can it be. 10. Wei: give; replace 11. Sui: So; just.
12. Gift: Reward, in ancient times, it was given from superiors to subordinates. When elders gave things to younger generations, it was called gifts. 13. Give it feet: draw feet for it.
Foot (foot in this sentence): draw feet. 14.End: finally, finally.
15. Quotation: Pick up. 16. And: Prepare.
17. Cheng: Completed. 18. Yu: remainder.
19. Foot: foot. Foot: painted feet 20. Death: lost, lost.
21. For: to give, to replace. 22. He held the 卮 in his left hand: But, indicating a turning point 23. Taking away the 卮 and saying: His, referring to the one who became a snake first 24. Then he drank his wine: that, demonstrative pronoun 25. Eventually he died of his wine: that, demonstrative pronoun 26 , that is: right.
Say.
Translation: In ancient times, a man from Chu State, after offering sacrifices to his ancestors, rewarded a jug of wine to the disciples who came to help with the sacrifice. The diners discussed with each other and said: "It's not enough for everyone to drink this pot of wine. If you drink it alone, there will be some left.
Ask everyone to draw snakes on the ground, and the person who draws the picture first drinks the pot of wine." A The man finished it first and picked up the jug to drink. He held the jug in his left hand and drew a snake with his right hand, saying, "I can draw feet for it."
He has not finished (the feet) yet. After the other man finished drawing the snake, he snatched his wine pot and said, "Snake has no feet in the first place. How can you draw feet for it?" As soon as he finished speaking, he drank the pot of wine. The person who painted the snake's feet eventually lost the jug of wine.
Analysis and Comment This story tells people that a snake originally had no legs, but the person who first drew it into a snake added legs to the snake, so it did not become a snake. Later, he added something superfluous and used a metaphor to add to the problem, telling people to seek truth from facts in everything they do and not to show off their cleverness. Otherwise, instead of doing things well, they will mess things up.
It is safe for the country, the people or oneself. The meaning of this story is superficial, and the lesson of "superfluous" is worth remembering.
Don’t lose what you should have because of small mistakes. "Those who are snake-footed will eventually lose their wine.
"What a pity! Revealing the truth 1: Don’t do things in a redundant manner, otherwise sometimes you will lose something, the gain will not be worth the loss, and it will be self-defeating. 2: No matter what you do, you must respect objective facts and seek truth from facts.
3: This fable tells people that when doing something, you must have specific requirements and clear goals. You must pursue it and complete it with a clear and firm will, and do not be dazzled by victory. . People who are dazzled by victory are often blinded by blind optimism and lead to failure.
Afraid that others might hear it and take it away from you, cover their ears suddenly.
If evil people hear it, it is acceptable; if evil people hear it themselves, it is contrary to (7)! Notes (1) Death of the Fan family: The Fan family was a noble of the Jin State at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. After being defeated by the other four noble families, they fled to the Qi State. To flee, to flee.
(2) Bell: an ancient percussion instrument. (3) is: but (4) is negative: carrying something on the back.
(5) Hammer (chuí): hammer or stick. (6) Condition (huàng) Ran: Describes the sound of bells.
(7) jù: immediately. (8) Paradox (bèi): ??Absurd.
(8) Evil (e): Fear. Translation: When Fan was on the run, a man took the opportunity to steal a bell and tried to escape with it on his back.
However, the bell was too big to carry, so he planned to smash it with a hammer and then carry it again. Unexpectedly, as soon as it was smashed, the bell made a loud noise.
He was afraid that others would hear the bell and take it away, so he hurriedly covered his ears tightly and continued to ring. It's understandable to be afraid that others will hear the sound of the bell; but it's ridiculous to cover your ears and think that others can't hear it either.
Meaning: The sound of a bell exists objectively. Whether you cover your ears or not, it will always ring. Anything that exists objectively does not depend on human subjective will.
Some people adopt an attitude of not acknowledging the objective existence that they do not like, thinking that if this is the case, objectivity does not exist. This is the same as "covering one's ears and stealing the bell", which is extreme subjective idealism - solipsism. On performance.
Chang'e flies to the moon. Yi asked the Queen Mother of the West for the elixir of immortality. Yi's wife Chang'e stole it and flew to the moon, holding her body on the moon. She became a toad and a moon spirit.
It is said in the old days that there are laurels and toads in the moon. Therefore, a different book says: The laurel is five hundred feet high, and there is a person underneath. He often cuts it, and the tree is harmonious. The person's surname is Wu, his given name is Gang, and he is from Xihe. There was a time when I learned from immortals and ordered people to cut down trees. Note: zhuo, big hoe; extended to chop with a knife, ax, etc. Translation Yi invited the elixir of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West. Hou Yi's wife Chang'e stole the elixir and flew to the Moon Palace. Chang'e then lived in the Moon Palace. In the legend, there is a laurel tree on the moon and a toad.
Therefore, a book recording strange events said: "There is a very tall laurel tree on the moon. There is a person under the tree who keeps cutting it, but the tree heals immediately after being cut. The man who built the tree was named Wu Gang, who was from Xihe. He made a mistake when he was learning immortality, so he was punished by cutting down the osmanthus tree. There were people from Chu (the name of the country in the Zhou Dynasty, its capital was in the north of Jiangling County, Hubei Province today) who crossed the river, and their swords came from the boat. When he fell into the water, he quickly checked his boat and said, "This is where my sword fell." "
The boat stopped, so I entered the water to ask for it. The boat was already moving (yǐ), but the sword could not move. It would be confusing to ask for a sword like this! ————Excerpt from "Lü "Shi Chunqiu·Cha Jin" Notes 1. She--du, derived from the word "boat" in the following text.
2. Person--a sign of the attributive postposition. --His, pronoun