Who was the most talented in ancient China?

Although Li Yu is not a political strongman, he has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Li Yu: (937-978), formerly known as Jia Cong, was named Zhong Yin. The sixth son of Li Jing, who succeeded to the throne in 90 1 year, was called the queen of southern Tang Dynasty. After he acceded to the throne, he paid tribute to Song in order to generalize. Living in luxury. In 975, Song Jun attacked Jinling, and his flesh was exposed. Although he was ordered, he was actually a prisoner. Taiping rejuvenating the country died in July of three years. According to Wang Yao's memoir in the Song Dynasty, beggars' gangs were poisoned by pet drugs. He is good at painting and calligraphy, melody and poetry, especially in the Five Dynasties. In the early stage, he wrote more about the court enjoyment life, with a soft style; The later ci poems reflect the pain of national subjugation, with expanded themes, profound artistic conception, sincere feelings, fresh language and great artistic appeal. Later generations compiled his and Li Jing's works into two major ci poems in the Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Yu (937-978), the monarch of Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, was of Han nationality. His reign was (96 1-975), his name was Jia Cong, and his names were Zhong Yin and Lian Feng. Ji Cheng in Longxi (now Jingning, Gansu) was born. Li Jing, the sixth son of Southern Tang Dynasty, succeeded to the throne in the second year of Song Dynasty (96 1). In the eighth year of Kaibao, the country broke the Song Dynasty and was captured to Bianjing, where he became a general and disobeyed orders. Later he was poisoned by Song Taizong. Although Li Yu doesn't understand politics, his artistic talent is extraordinary. Li Yu is good at calligraphy, painting, melody, poetry and writing, especially ci. The content can be mainly divided into two categories: the first category was written before the Song Dynasty, which mainly reflected the palace life and the love between men and women, and the subject matter was narrow; The second category is that after the Song Dynasty, Li Yu's memory of the past was full of his own feelings because of the deep pain of national subjugation. The achievements of his works in this period far exceeded those in the previous period, which can be described as "excellent works". The masterpieces of the ages, Youmei, Langtaosha and Nightingale all came into being at this time. Most of the ci works in this period are mainly sad, mainly describing the scene of dreaming back from afar and expressing infinite nostalgia for "the old country" and "the past" Li Yu occupies an important position in the history of China Ci, and is called "the Emperor of Ci through the ages". It also has a great influence on future generations. He inherited the tradition of Huajian poets since the late Tang Dynasty, but through the concrete and sensible personality image, he reflected some universal artistic conception in real life, promoted the creation of Ci, and expanded the field of expression of Ci. Li Yuwen is rich in writing, poetry, books and painting. His ci is mainly included in two major ci collections in the Southern Tang Dynasty (including the works of his father Li Jing).

Li Yu, one of the four flags of graceful and restrained school, has made great achievements in art, the most famous of which are Yu Meiren and Langtaosha Order. He is good at calligraphy and painting. Regarding his calligraphy: Gu Tao's Qing Louis, Ceng Yun said: "The ancient master's good book is as vigorous as cold pine and frost bamboo, and it is called Jin Cuodao. If you write in big letters and don't write in silk, you can be satisfied. It is called' pinch of books' in the world. " As for his paintings, Guo's Painting Knowledge and Experience in the Song Dynasty said: "Li Yu, the queen of Jiangnan, only knows Qing and is good at painting and calligraphy. It is far better to taste the forest stone birds than the regular flow, higher than the accident. " Unfortunately, there are no calligraphy and painting handed down from generation to generation. The style of Li Yu's ci is divided into two periods with 975 as the boundary. His early ci style was beautiful and soft, and he didn't break away from the habit of "flowers". According to the content, it can be roughly divided into two categories: one is to describe the magnificent palace life and the affair between men and women, such as Bodhisattva Man and Ying Huan. Due to the great changes in life, his later poems made the king of national subjugation become the "southern king" in the eternal ci world (in the words of Qing Shenxiong's "Ancient and Modern Ci"), which is exactly "the unfortunate poet of the country is fortunate, in terms of it. These sad and tragic late ci poems with profound artistic conception laid the foundation of Su Xin's so-called "bold and unconstrained" school and became a great master in the history of ci poems. As for the beauty and harmony of his sentences, it is unprecedented. For example, Yu Meiren and Langtaosha made Wang Guowei think: "Wen Feiqing's words are beautiful; Wei Duanji's words, bone show also; Li Shiguang's writing is also beautiful. "Moreover, he also said," Ci has become a master's word and a scholar-bureaucrat's word. Zhou Jie Village is placed under Wen Wei, which can be described as reversing black and white. " This last sentence is aimed at what Zhou Ji said in "Miscellaneous Poems of Xiecunzhai": "Heshi is a beauty on earth, who is good at strict makeup and light makeup, and rude does not hide the national color. Fei Qing, strict makeup; End yourself and make up lightly; After the Lord, rude and confused. ".Wang believes that this kind of comment is in Yang Wen's suppression of Wei. There is also a view in academic circles that the original intention of Zhou Ji is that Li Yu is not as good as Wen Listening Cloud and Wei Zhuang in terms of neat words and sentences. However, as far as the vividness and fluency of ci poetry are concerned, the former is obviously more vigorous and natural, and "carelessly does not cover up the national color." Li Yu's ci got rid of Hua's frivolity. His words are true, his language is vivid, his image is vivid, his personality is distinct and his feelings are sincere. After the national subjugation, his ci has a wide range of themes and profound meanings, surpassing the five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty and becoming the first graceful ci in the early Song Dynasty. Later generations revered him as "Ci Sheng". Li Yu's Ci has inherited the tradition of Hua Jian Ci poets such as Wen and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, and was influenced by Li Jing and others, which promoted the creation of Ci. Its main achievements are as follows: ① Expanding the expression field of words. Li Yu's previous writings were mainly erotic and shallow in content. Even if it contains a little hug, it mostly adopts figurative techniques, which are hidden but not revealed. However, most of Li Yu's works are straightforward, pouring out his life and feelings of the country and expressing his true feelings. Therefore, Wang Guowei said, "When Ci came to Li Houzhu, its vision began to widen and its feelings deepened, so it became a musician's ci and a scholar-bureaucrat's ci. "(Shi Shuo Xin Yu) ② has a high generality. Li Yu's ci often reflects a certain realm of universal significance in real life through concrete and sensible personality images. There are many famous sayings, such as "The small building was easterly last night, so my country can't bear to look back at the bright moon in the middle of the month" ([Yu Meiren]), "When the water goes and spring comes, it's all in the world" ([Langtaosha]), "People naturally grow up and hate water" ([Meet each other]) and "Being far away from hate is like spring grass, and living more" ([Qingpingle]). ③ Language is natural, refined and expressive. His writing is not gorgeous, but touching; Not vague, but meaningful; Form a fresh and beautiful artistic feature. (4) originality in style. Hua and Southern Tang poets are generally good at euphemism, while Li Yu is good at euphemism. For example, Haodang in Yulouchun, Wu Ye Tune, Androgyny in Xiong Qi and Kuyin (see Tang Fu Thorn by Tan Xian), and If a pony is born in Yu Meiren (Zhou Jiru said by Nalan Xingde, "Flower words are like ancient jade, which are valuable but not applicable, but Song poems are applicable. "(Miscellaneous Notes of Lushui Pavilion) Li Yuji has been lost. There are forty-four words. Only 38 works can be confirmed. His veteran said that he had 30 volumes of anthology and 100 essays. Li Yuji 10 is included in Reading in the County Zhai, and Nan Tang 10 is included in History, Art and Literature of Song Dynasty, both of which have been lost. There are two main characters, 1 Volume South Tang, in Zhi Zhai Shu Lu to solve the problem. At present, there are 34 Li Yu's poems in Mohuazhai (1620) in the forty-eighth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, among which Looking at Jiangnan can be divided into two. Shao Changguang recorded another 65,438+0 poems in the post-Qing period, and Wang Guowei supplemented nine poems of the Southern Tang Dynasty in modern times, but there seem to be many problems. According to the opinions of most modern scholars, only 32 poems can be identified as Li Yu's. In Qing Dynasty, Liu Ji wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty, Tang Guizhang wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty, and Wang Zhongwen wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty. Zhan Antai's Li Jing Li Words has detailed annotations. For his deeds, see History of the New Five Dynasties, History of the Song Dynasty, Book of Southern Tang Dynasty written by Ma Ling and Lu You, and Chronicle of Two Masters of Southern Tang Dynasty written by Xia.

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