Li Yu, one of the four flags of graceful and restrained school, has made great achievements in art, the most famous of which are Yu Meiren and Langtaosha Order. He is good at calligraphy and painting. Regarding his calligraphy: Gu Tao's Qing Louis, Ceng Yun said: "The ancient master's good book is as vigorous as cold pine and frost bamboo, and it is called Jin Cuodao. If you write in big letters and don't write in silk, you can be satisfied. It is called' pinch of books' in the world. " As for his paintings, Guo's Painting Knowledge and Experience in the Song Dynasty said: "Li Yu, the queen of Jiangnan, only knows Qing and is good at painting and calligraphy. It is far better to taste the forest stone birds than the regular flow, higher than the accident. " Unfortunately, there are no calligraphy and painting handed down from generation to generation. The style of Li Yu's ci is divided into two periods with 975 as the boundary. His early ci style was beautiful and soft, and he didn't break away from the habit of "flowers". According to the content, it can be roughly divided into two categories: one is to describe the magnificent palace life and the affair between men and women, such as Bodhisattva Man and Ying Huan. Due to the great changes in life, his later poems made the king of national subjugation become the "southern king" in the eternal ci world (in the words of Qing Shenxiong's "Ancient and Modern Ci"), which is exactly "the unfortunate poet of the country is fortunate, in terms of it. These sad and tragic late ci poems with profound artistic conception laid the foundation of Su Xin's so-called "bold and unconstrained" school and became a great master in the history of ci poems. As for the beauty and harmony of his sentences, it is unprecedented. For example, Yu Meiren and Langtaosha made Wang Guowei think: "Wen Feiqing's words are beautiful; Wei Duanji's words, bone show also; Li Shiguang's writing is also beautiful. "Moreover, he also said," Ci has become a master's word and a scholar-bureaucrat's word. Zhou Jie Village is placed under Wen Wei, which can be described as reversing black and white. " This last sentence is aimed at what Zhou Ji said in "Miscellaneous Poems of Xiecunzhai": "Heshi is a beauty on earth, who is good at strict makeup and light makeup, and rude does not hide the national color. Fei Qing, strict makeup; End yourself and make up lightly; After the Lord, rude and confused. ".Wang believes that this kind of comment is in Yang Wen's suppression of Wei. There is also a view in academic circles that the original intention of Zhou Ji is that Li Yu is not as good as Wen Listening Cloud and Wei Zhuang in terms of neat words and sentences. However, as far as the vividness and fluency of ci poetry are concerned, the former is obviously more vigorous and natural, and "carelessly does not cover up the national color." Li Yu's ci got rid of Hua's frivolity. His words are true, his language is vivid, his image is vivid, his personality is distinct and his feelings are sincere. After the national subjugation, his ci has a wide range of themes and profound meanings, surpassing the five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty and becoming the first graceful ci in the early Song Dynasty. Later generations revered him as "Ci Sheng". Li Yu's Ci has inherited the tradition of Hua Jian Ci poets such as Wen and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, and was influenced by Li Jing and others, which promoted the creation of Ci. Its main achievements are as follows: ① Expanding the expression field of words. Li Yu's previous writings were mainly erotic and shallow in content. Even if it contains a little hug, it mostly adopts figurative techniques, which are hidden but not revealed. However, most of Li Yu's works are straightforward, pouring out his life and feelings of the country and expressing his true feelings. Therefore, Wang Guowei said, "When Ci came to Li Houzhu, its vision began to widen and its feelings deepened, so it became a musician's ci and a scholar-bureaucrat's ci. "(Shi Shuo Xin Yu) ② has a high generality. Li Yu's ci often reflects a certain realm of universal significance in real life through concrete and sensible personality images. There are many famous sayings, such as "The small building was easterly last night, so my country can't bear to look back at the bright moon in the middle of the month" ([Yu Meiren]), "When the water goes and spring comes, it's all in the world" ([Langtaosha]), "People naturally grow up and hate water" ([Meet each other]) and "Being far away from hate is like spring grass, and living more" ([Qingpingle]). ③ Language is natural, refined and expressive. His writing is not gorgeous, but touching; Not vague, but meaningful; Form a fresh and beautiful artistic feature. (4) originality in style. Hua and Southern Tang poets are generally good at euphemism, while Li Yu is good at euphemism. For example, Haodang in Yulouchun, Wu Ye Tune, Androgyny in Xiong Qi and Kuyin (see Tang Fu Thorn by Tan Xian), and If a pony is born in Yu Meiren (Zhou Jiru said by Nalan Xingde, "Flower words are like ancient jade, which are valuable but not applicable, but Song poems are applicable. "(Miscellaneous Notes of Lushui Pavilion) Li Yuji has been lost. There are forty-four words. Only 38 works can be confirmed. His veteran said that he had 30 volumes of anthology and 100 essays. Li Yuji 10 is included in Reading in the County Zhai, and Nan Tang 10 is included in History, Art and Literature of Song Dynasty, both of which have been lost. There are two main characters, 1 Volume South Tang, in Zhi Zhai Shu Lu to solve the problem. At present, there are 34 Li Yu's poems in Mohuazhai (1620) in the forty-eighth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, among which Looking at Jiangnan can be divided into two. Shao Changguang recorded another 65,438+0 poems in the post-Qing period, and Wang Guowei supplemented nine poems of the Southern Tang Dynasty in modern times, but there seem to be many problems. According to the opinions of most modern scholars, only 32 poems can be identified as Li Yu's. In Qing Dynasty, Liu Ji wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty, Tang Guizhang wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty, and Wang Zhongwen wrote Two Essentials of Southern Tang Dynasty. Zhan Antai's Li Jing Li Words has detailed annotations. For his deeds, see History of the New Five Dynasties, History of the Song Dynasty, Book of Southern Tang Dynasty written by Ma Ling and Lu You, and Chronicle of Two Masters of Southern Tang Dynasty written by Xia.
Repair colorful feathers with big weeks.