Nowadays, when people talk about calligraphy in the Qing Dynasty, they usually divide it into two periods based on "tie studies" and "stele studies", and the period of Jiaqing and Daoguang is roughly used as the dividing point. That is to say, the period before the 1820s was the Tie Xue period, and the period after that was the Steleology period. Whether this division is reasonable is another matter. However, after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the so-called era of inscriptions and calligraphy centered on the calligraphy of the two kings has reached its lowest ebb. However, the number of authors who studied seal script calligraphy before the Han and Wei dynasties has gradually increased. This is an undeniable fact. At this time, famous people emerged in large numbers, each leading the way. At this time, the theory of calligraphy was more successful than that of the previous generation. Theoretical works such as "Shu Raft", "Yi Zhou Shuang Ji", "Calligraphy", and "Guang Yi Zhou Shuang Ji" were successively produced. Calligraphy works of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are as handed down as paintings, and there are many left behind. There are currently many on the market. Chinese calligraphy and painting works, at least since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, have been collected as works of art by the courts and the people of all dynasties, and have become people's spiritual food. However, during the circulation, the issue of authenticity of the works has arisen, which has puzzled collectors and collectors. connoisseur. There have been official cases of counterfeiting in history. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the development of industry and commerce in some coastal cities, the demand for calligraphy and painting increased day by day, and the production of fakes came into being in the Ming Dynasty. The so-called "Suzhou movies", "Made in Henan", "Made in Hunan", and "Made in the back door" are overwhelming and pervasive. This is also a problem that troubles collectors and connoisseurs. Although many works of the Ming and Qing Dynasties have been circulated, there are also many works by those who are confused and superficial. Therefore, collectors and collecting circles in the current art market should maintain a cautious attitude when purchasing and collecting these works.
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