Giving students some simple and easy-to-operate modes in the usual composition training can basically make students' compositions "conform to the law", and then seek changes after "conform to the law", thus forming a variety of writing methods.
First, question and answer.
This type is to put forward a question to control the whole article at the beginning of the article, and then answer it from different angles, such as the student's exercise "No pains, no gains?" At the beginning of the first sentence, I asked: What is success? Then answer from three aspects:
A: Answers from nature.
B, the answer from the world
C, you can answer solemnly now.
In Answer from Nature, the seed answers at the cost of breaking ground, the mother mussel answers with suffering, and the bee answers with efforts to produce nectar. In Answers from the World, Beethoven insisted on writing to overcome the disease, and Olympic athletes answered with courage and won glory for their country. Finally, "we can solemnly answer": success is not easy. Without hard work, there will be no success. Without great efforts, there will be no great success! How can a rainbow appear on the horizon without experiencing the test of wind and rain? No effort, no success? It is in this form of "asking more questions and answering more questions" that the author organizes the article in an orderly way.
Second, the keyword type
There are always several keywords in an article. It is also a good way to connect articles together with a series of keywords. This style is very similar to the question-and-answer style. At the beginning, the author also raised a question to control the whole article, but only answered a few key words. For example, the student's exercise "Building Relationships with Sincerity" raises the question at the beginning of this article: It is said that the world is a net, which catches you and me. So, what is knitting? Then choose three paragraphs with three key words to answer:
A. money?
B, honesty.
C, true feelings!
In his reply, the author categorically denied money, fully affirmed honesty and strongly advocated true feelings. The thinking is extremely clear and clear at a glance. In addition, due to the ingenious use of the intuitive advantages of punctuation in expressing emotions, the article is plain and novel.
Third, conditional expressions
That is, several concise conditional sentences are used to expand the topic, form sub-arguments, and form the outline of the article. For example, in the perfect composition of Beijing College Entrance Examination in 2005, we said "safety" and started with "self-cultivation", which led to the center of this article: "To settle down and live in peace, we must settle down first." Then, four sub-arguments are put forward with conditional sentences:
A, those who are determined must be comfortable first.
B, the ruler must first set his mind at ease.
C. a wise man must be at home first.
D, those who know must be at ease first.
Then, he gradually showed four "peace of mind" in his heart: those who want to achieve great things should be content with their set goals and persevere; The heart of the ruling country should be content with state affairs, and the heart is life; The heart of a man of great wisdom should be indifferent and not disturbed by honor or disgrace; Those who cross the river by themselves should be calm, generous and open-minded. At the end of each paragraph, four figurative sentences are summarized: "My heart is like a rock", "My heart is as clear as ice", "My heart is like a mirror lake" and "My heart is like the sky", which means that words are not bad.
Fourth, the poetic style.
This type of discussion and narration is applicable. It is to use some famous sentences with universal power to support the structure of the whole article and lead several parts to form the backbone. For example, in 2002, Jilin college entrance examination famous article "Famous sentences write emotions, life lies in choice" is like this. The famous sentences selected in this paper are as follows:
A. Qu Yuan: I am still kind at heart. Although I died nine times, I don't regret it.
Li Bai: Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those high officials whose sincere faces will never be seen!
C Yu Qian: Not afraid of fracture. I want to leave my innocence in the world.
D. Lin Zexu: Do you want to avoid every cloud has a silver lining?
Everyone is familiar with these four famous sentences, from Qu Yuan and Li Bai to Yu Qian and Lin Zexu. These familiar characters and their wise words make us feel the heaviness of a culture. Qu Yuan chose integrity and patriotism, Li Bai chose arrogance and boldness, Yu Qian chose honesty and perseverance, and Lin Zexu chose loyalty and courage. Their choices have made their noble personalities and brilliant lives. These four materials directly prove that "life depends on choice". At the same time, the four materials directly prove that "life depends on choice".
For example, in 2004, the perfect score composition of Hunan college entrance examination, "Pipa Xing's parents have feelings". Just choose a few poems from Pipa to quote the full text:
One, ... She turned the tuning pin, tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings.
B, big strings hum like rain, small strings whisper like secrets, whisper-and then mix them together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade.
C, the flower bottom of Guan Yingying's language is very slippery
The ice spring is cold and astringent, and the condensate will never stop, turning into deep sadness and hidden lament, which is told more in silence than in voice.
E, knock carefully at the end of the song, and all four strings make a sound, just like tearing silk.
F, who cried the most in his seat, his eyes were wet.
The article is ingeniously conceived, taking the ancient poem Pipa Xing as the symbol of the structural transformation of writing, combining the growth process of candidates, and poetically writing ordinary trivial things in daily life, which is very clear and clear at a glance.
Five, vertical
This style is mainly aimed at "relational" topic composition. Starting from the relationship between the two concepts of the topic, it forms several first enclosing sentences involving two concepts at the same time, thus forming the framework of the whole article. This is the perfect composition "Language is the Key to Communication" in Guangdong College Entrance Examination in 2004:
First, proper language expression is conducive to family communication.
B, appropriate language expression, is conducive to friendly exchanges.
C, appropriate expression is conducive to the communication of love.
This composition is very standard and has a clear point of view. It discusses the function of language from three angles, pointing out that language is helpful to the exchange of family, friendship and love, and the discussion is pertinent and clear.
Six, horizontal
This formula is suitable for the situation that the topic of "relationship" is difficult to expand vertically, and it can also be called "subtotal formula", that is, the two concepts involved in the topic are expanded separately before discussing their relationship. For example, the excellent composition of Sichuan college entrance examination in 2005, Smile of History, is like this. The full text consists of several paragraphs guided by three subheadings:
First, about forgetting
B, about memory
C, clouds are in the sky.
The author's thinking is clear at a glance, and he reproduces the bumpy fate of Qu Yuan, Wang Bo and Su Shi as historical figures with concise poetic style. Qu Yuan won't forget it, only remembering the pain of foul and falling into burnout. Wang Bo chose to forget, indulge in frivolity and become a gifted scholar who predicted death. Su Shi is good at forgetting and remembering, choosing, being complacent, optimistic and broad-minded, and being good at dying. Finally, he came to the conclusion: What if he forgot and remembered? Only by knowing how to choose can I enjoy the greatest pleasure that life brings me.
This method is the most intuitive and easy to operate, but it also has limitations and is not widely used.
Seven, pour it out.
This style is more suitable for lyrical narrative articles. According to the needs of topic limitation and expression, it is particularly touching to choose a specific object to talk to. For example, in 2005, the composition "Forever Fenxiang" with full marks in Guangdong College Entrance Examination was particularly representative. In this paper, four small materials are drawn to outline writing, which are derived from four affectionate calling sentences:
Mom, after you left, I became a good boy.
Mom, after you left, I cared more about my sister.
Mom, I grew my hair for a long time after you left.
D, mom, you left. I began to be independent and learned to do all kinds of work.
All these changes are to "remember" my mother who is already in heaven. The full text is just some trivial things, but it is touching. At the same time, it also depicts a strong protagonist who suddenly grows up after experiencing the pain of losing support. After his mother left, the tree on which the author relied in his life fell down, so he grew into a tree.
Eight, listening style
According to the need, use several virtual "speaking" objects in the article, and put the author himself in the position of the listener to start thinking. For example, 200 1 Sichuan college entrance examination perfect score composition "Feeling Life", the author clearly points out the topic with concise sentences at the beginning, and starts with the virtual "speaking" object:
A, my friend told me that life is bumpy, with thorns, swamps and brilliant flowers and fruits on the road.
B, the teacher told me that life is a contest full of regrets and struggles.
C. My parents told me that life is a long chess game.
Then he used the wind, rain, thunder, electricity and even grass and flowers in nature to tell me the true meaning of life, and showed his "perception of life" particularly full and full.
Another example is the composition "What I want is better than being alive" with a perfect score of 200 1 Shandong College Entrance Examination. At the beginning, the author leads the topic in the form of parallelism. Some people choose to persist, others choose to rise, and even choose to die. They use actions to interpret life, interpret life and light up life. Then the main paragraph begins in the form of a "declaration" from my predecessors.
A. Perseverance claims that difficulties are like springs. If you are weak, it will be strong.
B, those who rise up claim that the road of life is full of obstacles. In the face of difficulties, only by rising can we achieve immortal greatness.
C. The deceased told me the meaning of life and death with his immortal soul.
Finally, it ends with "The indomitable, the living and the dead inspire the world with their witty remarks". In this world, choosing persistence and strength, choosing cherish and selflessness is the best choice. Even if you die, you will win a piece of whiteness behind you. " The article is full of "choices", seamless and admirable.
Nine, metaphor
It is to expand the topic into several figurative sentences, use these figurative sentences as the skeleton of the full text, and then enrich the writing. For example, Shanghai college entrance examination composition "Busy, Happy" is like this.
The title of this article will be a witty renovation of the life mantra "Busy", which is intended to link "Busy" with "Happy". Deduct the topic from the beginning and reveal the viewpoint: Being busy is a step in life, and you can't be busy in vain. If you want to be busy, you will be busy and happy. The main part skillfully divides it into three branches:
A. Busy is a question mark.
B.Busy is an ellipsis.
C. Busy is an exclamation point.
In these three parts, the author skillfully sets metaphors by using question marks, ellipsis and exclamation marks, grasping the characteristics of these three punctuation marks and profoundly clarifying that life is busy. Busy should be like a question mark, always ask yourself, not blind, not blind, but meaningful; Life is as regular as the four seasons, so we should choose the right goal, like ellipsis, and be busy endlessly, busy with the smart color of life; However, life is limited, and everyone is busy with his exclamation point and the wonderful chapter in his limited life. Step by step, the context is clear. Each part is demonstrated with several examples, and then it is concluded that our busyness should not always be a question mark, but an ellipsis and an exclamation point. Busy is wonderful, busy. Summarize the full text, take care of the beginning, the topic and the strong conclusion.
X. subtitle style
This type of operation is extremely intense. It is to add a concise title to each relatively complete paragraph of the article to reveal or prompt the content of the paragraph, so as to make the main points of the article clear and distinct. The use of subheadings not only changes the structure of the article, but also plays an important role in forming the idea of the article and carefully arranging chapters. For example, in 2003, Shaanxi college entrance examination scored a perfect composition, emotion and reason. The three main paragraphs of the article are guided by three subheadings:
First, the desire for truth
B, beyond feelings
C, control feelings
Standing at the height of history, the author summarizes the life experiences and attitudes of eight very representative figures, and draws the conclusion that rationality needs emotional nourishment and life is smart; Emotion needs rational support, and life shows wisdom. May everyone water the flower of reason with the rain of emotion.
Another example is "No Regret", a perfect composition in the 2002 college entrance examination. The main part of the full text is also supported by three subheadings:
A, women don't let men.
B, masters create classics.
C. Heroes are patriotic and invincible.
Taking Wang Zhaojun, Qu Yuan, Jing Ke, Wen Tianxiang, Wang Wen, Zhong Ni and other ancient sages as the standard of life choice, they wrote down the result of their choice-"What they chose was elegance and reason from generation to generation". Writing * * * * wanton, reading agitation.
XI。 Montage style
That is to say, it is directly composed of pictures or scenes with internal relations, which is simple to operate and widely used. For example, in the 2005 Guangdong College Entrance Examination, the perfect composition "The Past Can't Be Forgotten-60th Anniversary of the Victory of the Anti-Fascist War" combined three groups of pictures with sharp contrast before and after 60 years, as follows:
A, 60 years ago, France, Normandy, Utah Beach-60 years later, France, Normandy, Utah Beach.
B, 60 years ago, the Soviet Union, Stalingrad, the front line-60 years later, Russia, Moscow Red Square.
C, 60 years ago, China, northeast, a village-60 years later, China, northeast, a small town.
Between the pictures, the two battlefields of Europe and Asia are brought together in one place with brief exposition, ingenious transition and the limitation of crossing time and space, which brings readers strong visual impact and emotional shock.
Twelve. Repetitive type
Sentences that can reflect the author's important views appear repeatedly in key positions in the text to show the context of writing, which can produce wonderful effects of going on wave after wave and singing three sighs This is the case with the composition "How to get the word" love "in Jilin College Entrance Examination in 2003. The author skillfully uses famous sentences to change the word "worry" into the word "love" Give the title a new meaning as the discussion center and line element of the full text. The main part is led out by the words "how" and "emotion". Taking Qi Heyang as a typical example, it is proved that "cognitive theory" is something other than "emotion", which varies from person to person and is not always subject to "emotion". In the Warring States period, Zou Ji of Qi showed self-knowledge in a state of "pure indifference", which strongly proved the view that "cognition" is higher than "emotion". Chen Shou, a Han historian, put aside his personal love and hate, praised the "enemy" Kong Ming and talked about seeking truth from facts, which once again proved his point of view.
The structure of the full text is clear and rigorous, and the sentence "How can I get a word of' love'" appears six times, or it is intended to be a title with a clear purpose and a clear point of view; Or put it at the beginning of the paragraph, summarize the essence and lead to the following; It is like the red line of thought in prose, which organically combines all the materials, thus making the article consistent.
Thirteen. Judging type
This formula is widely used and simple to operate. It is a method to break down the topic into several sentences, and then use these sentences as an outline to fill in the specific content. For example, in the national college entrance examination in 2003, the composition "With Seeing Eyes" was written. At the end of the first paragraph, the article points out the center of the article: please look at it with your eyes! The article then breaks down this topic sentence into several judgment sentences:
A, watching others is a clear consciousness.
B, the beholder is clear, which is the transcendence of ideas.
C, with a look on the sidelines, yes. Only by watching, can you. On the sidelines, you can.
Then six typical historical cases, such as Bao and Guan Zhong, are explained from the front, and then the actions of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Emperor Wudi of Jin Dynasty are explained from the back. Although there are many materials used in this paper and the sand has been here for a long time, they can all be commanded by "watching", so the free integration is very valuable.
Fourteen, negative type
Sometimes it's difficult to break through from the front, so it's better to start from the opposite side, and you can achieve the expected results and even write new ideas. For example, the excellent composition "Turning Point" in the 2003 college entrance examination is like this. This paper expands the topic "turning point" into three sentences:
Turning doesn't mean giving up faith.
B, turning, does not mean giving up dignity.
C turn doesn't mean giving up.
These three sentences outline and constitute the "skeleton" of the whole article. The main part is based on three typical examples: "Lu Xun abandoned medicine to save the country", "Han Xin was humiliated and encouraged by himself" and "Zhang Wenju abandoned the law of documents to achieve the purpose of life". The thinking is clear and good results have been achieved.
15. Hypothetical formula
Around the theme, use some hypothetical sentences as the skeleton to support the whole article. This kind of outline sentence can be placed at the beginning of a paragraph or at the end of a paragraph, which can be handled flexibly according to the actual situation. Here is an example at the end of the paragraph-"If I were an official". Details are as follows:
A, if I am an official, I will be a vassal's official if I don't do it!
B, if I am an official, I will be a vassal's official if I don't do it!
C, if I am an official, if I don't do it, I will be the official of the Duke of Zhou!
First of all, the author points out that Zhong Wang was a feudal official who refused to blackmail his family and accept her husband's divorce. Then, he made it clear in one sentence: if I am an official, I will be an official if I don't do it. Then, it further analyzes the situation that the vassal faced the contradiction between public and private, reason and emotion, was unmoved by his family, enforced the law impartially, was honest and clean, and remained immortal, and once again declared: if I am an official, I will be an official of the vassal! Finally, after citing examples of Premier Zhou's simple life and strict requirements for his sons and nephews, he solemnly promised: If I am an official, I will be an official of Duke Zhou! These hypothetical sentences are all simple sentences and paragraphs, which are clear and sound, leaving a very deep impression on people.