? Xu Shuzheng: Writing elegiac couplets for Sun Yat-sen enjoys the reputation of "the crown of all elegiac couplets"

On March 12th, 1925, he died in Beijing, and when an funeral was held in May, those who were inspecting in Europe sent a telegram back to the elegiac couplet: > A hundred years of politics, if the people come first, they will live in a word and be happy, but they will be lost in a word; > Ten barns to return, so that there is no public, I do not know how many people claim to be the emperor, and how many people claim to be the king. > The Analects of Confucius Zi Lu was published in the first sentence of this couplet, and Cao Cao's Let the county know its own story in the next sentence, which highly concisely summarized the main historical achievements of its life. > The first couplet of this couplet shows that there is no other way to govern the country, as long as you master the word "people". Therefore, the doctrine created by Mr. Sun Yat-sen is called "Three People's Doctrine"; The established party is called "the party of the country and the people"; The established * * * is called "country' people' * * *"; The established army is called "the revolutionary army of the country and the people". Xu said, "A word is enough to prosper the country, and a word is enough to ruin it. "This so-called word is a word" people ". That is, the so-called "people will prosper, and those who lose people will die." The second couplet is to praise the greatness of Dr. Zhongshan, that is, the word "public", and Mr. Zhongshan really achieved "selflessness." In the early years of the Republic of China, for the sake of national stability, he resolutely ceded the position of president to Yuan Shikai, expecting Yuan to be selfless. But Yuan Shikai betrayed democracy and proclaimed himself emperor. Mr. Sun Yat-sen also resolutely "begged Yuan", which made people in the world dare not claim the title of emperor or king again. > At that time, the national flag was lowered, and all the people mourned, praising Mr. Zhongshan's many couplets, and there were many writers and giants who wrote elegiac couplets. However, this couplet was promoted to be the crown of all the elegiac couplets. Many people commented on this: "Xu's alliance is the first one with incisive allusions and profound meanings!" "This shows that Xu Shuzheng is talented and talented, and his literary talent is unparalleled. > > Mr. Zhou You, a veteran journalist from Huangpu military, once recorded: "The whole people mourned the loss of Mr. Sun Yat-sen, and the national flag was raised and there were so many words, which was unparalleled. At that time, Xu's couplet was * * * promoted as the first. I have asked Mr. Li Xiehe, Mr. Hu Zhantang, Mr. Wang Jingwei and Mr. Zhang Pu Quanzhu respectively: Why is it that scholars in * * * are in full swing, but none of them can tell Mr. Sun's worries, so that they can compete with Mr. Xu? Although the answers are different, they all agree that Xu Zhicai's ambition is beyond reach. 」> Xu Shuzheng, whose word is zither and young zither, is called iron grating, and since his name is Lin, he is called "Little Fan" and "Little Zhuge of Beiyang". A native of Xiaoxian County, Jiangsu Province (now Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province), he was brilliant since childhood, capable of poetry at the age of 7, a scholar at the age of 13, and a child prodigy at the age of 17. > In 191, Xu Shuzheng abandoned literature and went to Jinan to write to Yuan Shikai, the governor of Shandong Province, stating the way of martial arts. After being unappreciated, he returned to the inn where he stayed. Just as Duan Qirui passed by here, Duan Qirui was the general manager of Yuan Shikai's Wu Wei right army artillery team and the camp armament school. According to Duan Qirui's memory, "When I went to the hotel to pay a visit, I passed the hall and saw a young man writing couplets, which was quite vigorous and powerful. It's already cold in winter, and I'm still wearing a robe, but I'm imposing and have no shabby weather ... I have a long talk with you, and I'm deeply in love with you, so I'm recruiting you. 」> So Xu Shuzheng, desperate, was recruited to follow Duan Qirui's left and right. In 195, Duan Qirui sent Xu Shuzheng to the Japanese NCO School to study military affairs. Five years later, 31-year-old Xu Shuzheng returned to China, where he served as the military councilor in the sixth town of the Qing Dynasty in Duan Qirui, and served as the general staff of the First Army in 1911. Rich in literary style and martial arts, he made great achievements for Duan Qirui's reign in the Republic of China. In order to repay him for his kindness, he was loyal to Duan Qirui all his life. Xu Shuzheng's romantic self-admiration, heroism dry clouds, once wrote a poem: "Buy my head 1, gold, I really can't avoid knowing my friend. Zhang Xueliang admired him and called him a hero who "got on the horse and killed the thief, dismounted and exposed the cloth." > After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, the stormy Qing court felt that the end was coming, the building would collapse, and the pain that the regime might change hands at any time always hit the rulers, and the imperial court was filled with gloom. However, in the Qing Dynasty, Tie Liang, Liang Bi and other young people were unwilling to hand over their country, arguing that it was better to die than to die. In this way, the revolutionary army can still win the final victory, but I don't know how many people will die. At this point, forty-two generals in front of the Qing army, headed by Duan Qirui, suddenly issued electricity, calling on the Qing emperor to abdicate and implement the * * * and regime, which suddenly made the Qing court lose the courage to continue to struggle. On February 12, 1912, the Qing emperor was forced to issue a abdication edict. And that electrifying article was written by Xu Shuzheng. > From 1912 to 1914, Xu Shuzheng successively served as Director of the Military Science Department, Director of the Military Horse Department and Director of the General's Office of the Republic of China. In May, 1914, Xu Shuzheng was appointed as the Second Minister of the War Department of the Republic of China, at the age of 34, the youngest among the second ministers. When Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, Xu Shuzheng was dismissed by Yuan Shikai for persuading Duan Qirui, so he stayed at home and sat tight. > > In 1916, after Yuan Shikai's death, Li Yuanhong succeeded him as the president, Duan Qirui as the prime minister of the State Council, and Xu Shuzheng as the second secretary of the army and the secretary-general of the State Council. In the struggle for power between the Presidential Palace Group headed by Li Yuanhong and the the State Council Group headed by Duan Qirui, Li Yuanhong seized the right moment and ordered the dismissal of Duan Qirui's post as prime minister. Duan Qirui angrily left Beijing for Tianjin, and Xu Shuzheng, as his hardcore, was also dismissed by Li Yuanhong. In 1917, Xu Shuzheng helped Duan Qirui instigate the "zhang xun restoration" incident in which Zhang Xun drove out Li Yuanhong. Afterwards, he planned the "Rebellion Army" action against Zhang Xun. After the rebellion was successful, Xu Shuzheng was appointed as the chief undersecretary of the Army and returned to the stage of power again. At that time, Duan Qirui was revered as a hero of "making * * * and". Little did they know that Xu Shuzheng's planning and participation were indispensable in everything. > After Feng Guozhang became president, he had conflicts with Premier Duan Qirui on the policies of the southwest warlords and the Guangdong Guardian Army. Duan Qirui advocated "unification by force" to expand the forces of Anhui. Feng Guozhang advocated "peaceful reunification" to please the southwest warlords and protect the immediate interests. As a result, there was a second battle between the government and the court. Xu Shuzheng also advocates the unification of China by force and stands firmly on Duan Qirui's side. > Duan Qirui was forced to resign in the second court dispute. Feng Guozhang ordered the exemption, with Wang Daxie, the foreign minister, as the agent of state affairs, and then invited Wang Shizhen as the acting prime minister and army chief. Xu Shuzheng masterminded the overseers' corps behind the scenes to put pressure on Feng Guozhang, instigated Zhang Zuolin to enter the customs to seize arms, and forced Feng Guozhang to re-enable Duan Qirui to form a cabinet. > So Duan Qirui was re-appointed as Prime Minister and Army Chief, and Xu Shuzheng was appointed as Army Under-Secretary and Northwest Frontier Ambassador, and was promoted to General. In the dispute between Feng and Duan, Xu Shuzheng shuttled for Duan Qirui. On the one hand, he borrowed huge sums of money from Japan under the pretext of participating in the First World War, and compiled a "war army" to expand his troops for Duan. On the one hand, it organized an Anfu Club, arranged elections and established an Anfu Congress to consolidate Duan Qirui's political power and made great contributions to Duan Qirui's administration. Xu Shuzheng was Duan Qirui's first red man at that time, and he was his most trusted think tank and right-hand man. Duan Qirui also defended and supported Xu Shuzheng in every way, which made him so arrogant in the political arena in the early Republic of China. > On June 15th, 1918, Xu Shuzheng assassinated Feng Yuxiang's mentor and old chief executive Lu Jianzhang in Tianjin. As for the reasons for killing Lu Jianzhang, we can see some clues from Xu Shuzheng's report to * * *: "It is reported that each of our troops is ahead of the other. Chen: There are many people who claim to be General Lu, who collude secretly and incite others. Don't be swayed by the instructions of the tree. Two days before yesterday, the officer visited all the personnel of our army's headquarters in Tianjin again, waving drums and shaking the morale of the army. ..... Tree zither secretly thought that this member incited the army, linked bandits, and disturbed the order of Shandong, Anhui, Shaanxi and Henan provinces for a long time. Today, he openly talked loudly, upside down, and would rather overthrow the country than realize it. It is a thief in the army. If it is not removed early, it will be a pity for the future. When the order is executed on the spot, I hope to be a black sheep for the country and avoid hidden dangers. In addition to identifying the body of the officer and burying it properly, and waiting for the family to be buried, I hereby report that I would like to remove the officer from his military post and use the Zhao code. 」> > Group photo of Xu Shuzheng (second from left) in Nantong > Unexpectedly, this move laid a curse for himself in the future. > In 1919, Xu Shuzheng was appointed as the northwest frontier ambassador and commander-in-chief of the northwest border guards. In October of the same year, he led troops into Outer Mongolia, forcing Outer Mongolia to formally cancel its autonomy and return to China on November 17, 1919. > The hero is a poet, and the border work gives birth to poetry. After recovering the outer Mongolia, Xu Shuzheng wrote a poem "Nian Nu Jiao Guo" in Coulomb to express his heart. The poem says: "Suddenly, the long whistle is full of edge gas, and the lonely play is boundless. Sit up and wander, sound too much, and worry about the morning and evening in the south crown. Jathyapple blows the cold, dispels the wind and breaks the dawn, and breaks the dream to find again. When the cock moves remotely, the world will be white. Looking back at the lamentation in the middle of the night, I spit on the pot and knock on it, leaving resentment to fill my chest. When there is a sound in the air, I sleep deeply, and my beard is frightened. Businessman's pipa, Yang Tao's hairpin, all feelings are true. Xu Ge pushed the pillow and asked you what day it is today. 」> Xu Shuzheng has also done many things that are beneficial to the local development in Outer Mongolia, such as introducing vegetables, building roads, opening banks, starting a daily newspaper, and strengthening Chinese culture and education. > When he returned to Beijing to report on his work after recovering Outer Mongolia, Xu Shuzheng not only reported to the President, but also sent a telegram to Mr. Zhongshan in Shanghai. Sun Yat-sen was very happy after receiving the call, and immediately ignored the opposition of some people in * * * and called back to give a high evaluation of Xu Shuzheng's recovery of Outer Mongolia, saying that it could be compared with Fu Jiezi and Ban Chao. (Dr. Sun Yat-sen replied to the original text: It is better than getting a call, knowing that the outside world is inward-looking. There has been no Ban Chao and Fu Jiezi in our country for a long time. The deacon (referring to Xu Shuzheng) built this wonderful work during the ten-day period, which is better than the ancients? It has been seven years since the outer Mongolia dispute, and once it returns, it is appropriate for the whole country to rejoice in the prosperity of the five families. )> The intrigue and infighting among the northern warlords never stopped. In 192, there was a fierce struggle between the warlords of Zhi and Wan, and Xu Shuzheng was dismissed as General Yuanwei, leaving Beijing to take his place. After the Zhiwan War, Duan Qirui stepped down, and Xu Shuzheng was accused of being one of the "top ten culprits". He fled to Tianjin with the help of the Japanese Embassy, and then sneaked into the British Concession in Shanghai to escape this robbery. > In 1921, Sun Yat-sen organized a base camp in Guilin in the name of a very big president, and planned the Northern Expedition to conquer direct warlords. At this time, the contradiction between the two systems became increasingly acute, and Sun Yat-sen joined forces with Duan Qirui and Zhang Zuolin to form a triangular alliance. Xu Shuzheng, on behalf of Duan Qirui, went to Guilin for an interview with Sun Yat-sen at the beginning of the next year, advocating that Sun, Duan and Zhang should jointly establish a national political power and oppose the direct warlords. In January, 1922, Xu Shuzheng, on behalf of Duan Qirui, went to Guilin to pay a visit to Sun Yat-sen to discuss the tripartite alliance between Sun, Duan and Zhang (Zuo Lin) to deal with the direct line. After the date of the trip was fixed, Sun Yat-sen wrote to Chiang Kai-shek, saying, "Xu Jun's coming here has comforted my longing for many years. "After the two met, they met harmoniously. Xu Shuzheng was very impressed with Sun Yat-sen, and Sun Yat-sen appreciated Xu Shuzheng very much. He even hoped that he could stay as his chief of staff. However, Xu Shuzheng, Duan Qirui's best friend, naturally won't leave Duan Qirui. He politely refused: I will help Mr. Sun more in the north than by his side. > > In September, 1924, Qi Xieyuan, a direct warlord in Jiangsu Province, broke out the Jiangsu-Zhejiang War in order to seize Shanghai controlled by Lu Yongxiang, a warlord of Anhui Province in Zhejiang Province. Xu Shuzheng was appointed commander-in-chief of the Zhejiang-Shanghai Allied Forces, but in this war, Anhui was defeated, and Xu Shuzheng was arrested by the British who supported the direct warlord in the concession apartment. And forced him to go to Europe on a British ship. When passing through Hong Kong, the second Zhifeng War ended, Duan Qirui was pushed to be in power temporarily, and Xu Shuzheng was freed again. > After Xu Shuzheng was appointed as the political envoy to inspect Europe, America and Japan, he led a delegation of 15 people and visited 12 countries successively, including France, Britain, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United States and Japan. During his visit to France, Sun Yat-sen died in Beijing, and Xu Shuzheng sent a telegram to elegiac couplet. Xu Shuzheng returned to Shanghai on December 11th, 1925, during which he met with Sun Chuanfang to discuss the joint fight against Feng Yuxiang and the revolutionary army preparing for the Northern Expedition. Duan Qirui telegraphed him to suspend his trip to Beijing because of the chaotic situation in Beijing and Tianjin. However, he thought that he should be ordered to leave for Beijing on the 19th. After the resignation, he left Beijing for the south by special bus on the evening of December 29th, passing through Langfang Station between Beijing and Tianjin. He was hijacked by Zhang Zhi, a subordinate of Feng Yuxiang, and was killed by revenge in the early morning of 3th (Xu Shuzheng assassinated Feng Yuxiang's mentor and old chief executive Lu Jianzhang in Tianjin on June 15th, 1918) at the age of 45. The following year, he was buried in his hometown. > After the bad news of Xu Shuzheng's murder came out, Duan Qirui burst into tears. Xu Shichang, a former president, once took the lead and said, "It is said that the road was robbed by soldiers, and it is said that it is difficult to cherish the generals! Zhang Jian, a scholar at the end of the Qing Dynasty and a modern industrialist in China, wrote an elegy: "There is no reason to talk, and when I listen to the songs of Dajiangdong, I suddenly feel the heroic blood; Edge talent is urgent, sigh PuHaixi care about big things, where to get this dragon and tiger people. 」> Xu Shuzheng is both a scholar and a civil servant. Xu Yishi's "Talking about Xu Shuzheng" in "A Scholar's Draft" said: "Xu Shuzheng is a famous figure in the history of the Republic of China, and he has important relations with politics and military affairs. Those who praised him for his lofty ideals and lofty ambitions, while those who destroyed him were ill with his difficult ambitions, and he started his life with elegance and good literature ... covered with the style of Confucianism, read the" Shi Xi Xuan's Legacy "and his article. The elegiac couplet written by Kang Nanhai also made this comment: "Its greatness is enough for a lifetime, and its domineering is enough for Kyushu; His talent is both civil and military, and his knowledge is connected with the old and the new. Both inside and outside the camp, Du Duan and Fang Mou; And Yang calendar on the outside, increase knowledge in four continents. Its sound wastes thousands of people, and its hole sees no whole cow; His flying songs are good at Kunqu opera, and his charming and clear words chase Liu Zhou. The thief killed the brave man! Heaven and man are worried about the state. Before pretending to live a hundred lives, I was a dragon and widowed. The world is in chaos and internal strife! Broken moon in nine secluded places. 」> Xu Shuzheng is good at calligraphy, poetry and ancient prose, but he still can't put it down after he entered politics. He is especially fond of Yao Nai, a master of Tongcheng School, and always carries it with him. Xu Shuzheng left about 2 poems and 6 words. There are some works handed down from generation to generation, such as The Founding of the People's Republic of China, Shi Xixuan Manuscript, Dou Xiangge Poetry Collection and Bimeng Temple Ci. His poems were highly valued by people of the time, and Chen Yan, Wang Yitang, Xu Yishi and others all praised his literary talent. > Xu Shuzheng loves Kunqu Opera very much. He can compose his own music score and perform on stage. He once shared the stage with Xu Lingyun, Xiang Xinwu and Yu Zhenfei. He is good at the songs of two roles, Hua Lian and Tie Dan, and his voice is like Hong Zhong. Zeng Zeng, Zhang Jian, said, "The general sings the song" Great Jiangdong ",and the potential is equal to that of Mei Lang. In May 1925, he visited Britain as an envoy, and was invited to give a speech at the Royal Academy. The title turned out to be "The Evolution of China's Ancient and Modern Music", which shows his versatility. > Xu Shuzheng is good at couplets, showing that at the beginning of this article, he gave Sun Yat-sen the reputation of "the crown of all the couplets", and he also wrote a couplet to Zhang Xun: "Fighting for a man's day and holding the spirit of the Nine Temples is sad and stupid; There are six feet of orphans, and there is no land. The Sri Lankan is dead, and who will do it again? It is also known as the swan song of elegiac couplet because of its proper proportion and accurate use of allusion. >