山人
(1) Refers to a hermit; a mountain person.
Wild travelers think of Maoyu, and mountain people love bamboo forests. ——"Gift to Li Shishi" by Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty
(2) Formerly known as a person whose profession is divination and fortune telling; alchemist.
Don’t ask the masters to beat drums and invite gods, or ask the mountain people to divine fortune and cultivate weeds. ——Yuan·Luo Guobin's "Luo Lilang"
Explanation with quotations
1. That is Shanyu. An official in charge of mountains and forests in ancient times.
"Zuo Zhuan: The Fourth Year of Zhaogong": "Everyone who appoints himself a husband or a wife suffers from old diseases. The people in the mountain take it, the people in the county pass it on, the public accepts it, and the people in charge hide it." Du. Pre-note: "Mountain people are also officials of Yu."
2. People who live in mountainous areas.
"Guanzi: Qingqingji": "The people of Qushan cut off their cuttings and had weapons... After three months, they all used what they had and exchanged what they had." "Xunzi Wangzhi": "Guze A man is as good as a tree, and a mountain man is as good as a fish."
3. A scholar who lives in seclusion in the mountains.
Kong Zhigui of the Southern Dynasties wrote in his "Beishan Yiwen": "The tents are empty and the cranes complain at night, and the mountain people are gone and the apes are startled." One of the poems "Gift to Li Shishi" by Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty: "The Wilder Simao" Yu, the mountain people love the bamboo forest. "The poem "Inscribed on Liu Huanzhong's Seclusion in Sikong Mountain" by Yuan Sadula: "The thatched cottage is built under the shining peak, and the people in the light mountain read at night." Huang Pu of the Ming Dynasty "Xianzhong Jingu Lu": "Danshan. There are white rocks in the south, and mountain people hide in the pine forests."
4. Refers to the immortals and Taoists.
Poetry No. 5 of Yu Xin's "Taoist Buxu Ci" of the Northern Zhou Dynasty: "Moving Li to pay garden officials, planting apricots and begging for mountain people." Ni Fan annotated and quoted from "Shu Yi Ji": "The apricot garden is in the Nanhai Island, There are many apricots, and the people on the sea are planting apricots." Song Su Shi's poem "Yu Weng Pavilion in the same year of Qianling Diao": "The mountain man's iron crown falls when he is drunk, and the silver bar is lowered when the stream girl laughs." Note: "Tianmu Mountain Tang. Taoist priests always wear iron crowns. "Jin Yuanhaowen's poem "Li Daoren Returns to Hermitage in Songyang": "It's ridiculous that Li Shan people have rare hobbies in the world."
5. Divination, fortune-telling and other quack magicians. collectively.
Volume 1 of "Notes of Laoxue'an" by Lu You of the Song Dynasty: "I came back twenty-seven years after I left the country. Except for the Prime Minister Zi Chong of Zhou Dynasty, no one has returned to the old people. Although there are no officials and subordinates, they can only sell The people of Weishan in Budong died in illness, but they are not very old, and they are still sad. " Huang Ming of the Yuan Dynasty wrote a poem "To the One Who Talks About the Stars": "The people of the mountain have been traveling among rivers and lakes for a long time, and the water and wind are full of moonlight. When we meet, we ask about the year of my birth. Suddenly the star disk appeared from his sleeve. "Kite Mistakes: Matchmaker Controversy" by Li Yu of the Qing Dynasty: "Whoever believes in being a matchmaker must learn to be a mountain man, and he will boldly say that he is the number one scholar."
6. Ancient scholars. Yahao.
Jin Yuanhao asked the poem "Inviting Neighbor Wang Zanzixiang to Drink After Snow": "The people of Yishan Mountain are clumsy in their skills, and most of them are poor and have to stay in other places." "History of the Ming Dynasty: Biography of Dai Liang": "A good place to live. At the foot of Jiuling Mountain in Jinhua, he called himself a person from Jiuling Mountain. For example: Wang Shizhen of the Qing Dynasty called himself a person from Yuyang Mountain.
Under the infiltration of Chinese Confucian and Taoist cultures, ancient Chinese intellectuals "helped the world when they were successful, and benefited themselves when they were poor." "Let the customs be pure again" is the goal; but once it encounters setbacks, it will be a different story: "I am not happy in life today, but I will make a boat in the future", or lie high in the forest and spring, or work in the mountains and fields, or put my heart in the mountains, rivers, poetry and wine. among. Although the former is the pursuit of scholars, the latter is also respected by people and is called a "hermit". However, starting from the Tang Dynasty, the mountains and forests gradually became a fame and fortune fair, and the hermits changed their appearance. They only wanted to be "hermit" and enter officialdom. They appeared one after another as "mountain people".