Parting sorrow and farewell hate:
Thousands of miles away, mist spreads across the sky.
Since ancient times, sentiment has saddened parting, and it is even more embarrassing to leave the Qingqiu Festival in the cold.
Where will you wake up tonight? The bank of willows, the dawn wind and the waning moon
It should be a good time and beautiful scenery, but even if there are thousands of styles, who can tell me
After washing up, I rely on Wangjiang Tower alone, passing thousands of sails. No, Xiehui's pulse is long and watery, and the intestines are broken and white. (It's not this frequency. I can't type the correct one. I should add a grass flower head.) Zhou
Continuous cutting and confusion are the symptoms of divorce. Farewell It's a general feeling in my heart.
You can't be seen on the winding road, leaving a place for horses to walk in the sky above the snow.
I am afraid that the boat in Shuangxi will not be able to carry it, and I will be very sad.
I send my sorrowful heart to the bright moon, and follow the wind to the west of the night.
Where is the country gate at dusk? The misty waves on the river make people sad.
As the sun sets in the west, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
A glass of dirty wine can lead to a home thousands of miles away, but there is no plan to return home before it is too late.
Why should I cut the candles from the west window? The night rain in Bashan swells the autumn pond.
Where is Yun Heng’s Qinling family? The snow embraces the blue and the horse stops moving forward.
I advise you to have a glass of wine, and there will be no old friends when you leave Yangguan in the west
One place is longing for lovesickness, two places are idle sorrow
Don’t worry about having no friends in the world. No one knows you.
Where can I reach the hometown book? Return to Yanluoyang.
How much leisure and sorrow are there? A river of smoke and clouds, plums and yellow rain.
There is no way to eliminate this feeling, so I lower my brows, but it is in my heart
Because I am thinking about Du Ling's dream, the geese are all returning to the pond
I keep cutting, and I think about it. It's still chaos, it's the sorrow of separation, not the ordinary feeling in my heart.
The vast sea is covered with hundreds of feet of ice, and the gloomy clouds condense thousands of miles away
I am afraid that the boat on the Shuangxi River cannot carry it, and there will be many sorrows.
Where is the country gate at dusk? The misty waves on the river make people sad.
As the sun sets in the west, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
A glass of dirty wine can lead to a home thousands of miles away, but there is no plan to return home before it is too late.
Why should I cut the candles from the west window? The night rain in Bashan swells the autumn pond.
Where is Yun Heng’s Qinling family? The snow embraces the blue and the horse stops moving forward.
I am afraid that the boat in Shuangxi will not be able to carry it, and I will be very sad.
One place is longing for love, two places are idle sorrow
Don’t worry, there is no friend in the road ahead, and no one in the world knows you.
How much leisure and sorrow are there? A river of smoke and clouds, plums and yellow rain.
There is no way to lose one's soul. The west wind blows behind the curtain, and people are thinner than yellow flowers.
There is no way to eliminate this feeling, so I only lower my brows, but it is in my heart.
1. Water
Today everything is just a dream, the sunset only sees water flowing eastward.
The feelings of the world have dispersed like floating clouds, leaving hatred empty and flowing with the river.
The flowers float and the water flows, a kind of lovesickness and two places of leisurely sorrow.
Flowing water and falling flowers, spring is gone, heaven and earth are gone.
Cut the knife to cut off the water, the water will flow more, and raise the cup to eliminate the sorrow and make it more sorrowful.
The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the brave men will never return once they are gone
The Yangtze River has sadly stagnated, and it will return thousands of miles away.
The Bian water flows, the Si water flows, the ruthless Bian water flows from the east.
The ruthless Bian River flows from the east, carrying only one boat of Lihen from Xizhou.
2. Bright Moon
On a bright moonlit night at the Twenty-Four Bridge, where can the beauty teach me how to play the flute?
The sky is wide and the trees are low, the river is clear and the moon is close to people.
There is only the moon in the spring garden that is sentimental, just like falling flowers for people who have left.
The missing moon hangs on the sparse tung trees, which breaks one’s initial tranquility. Raise your glass to invite the bright moon, and look at each other as three people.
The moon waxes and wanes, and people have joys and sorrows."
***You should shed tears when you look at the bright moon, and your hometown will feel the same in five places overnight.
Riverside Who sees the moon for the first time? When does the moon shine on me? p>
The bright moon shines on the sea, the end of the world is at this time.
I send my sorrowful heart to the bright moon, and follow the wind until the night is over.
People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has them. Cloudy and clear.
Twenty-four bridges are still there, the waves are swaying, and the cold moon is silent.
"Where can I miss the Mingyue Tower? The poor moon is wandering upstairs..."
"I lean alone high in the Mingyue Tower, drinking wine into my heart, turning into tears of lovesickness"
3. Flowers
With tears in my eyes, I asked about the flowers. The flowers were silent, and the red flowers flew across the swing.
The flying flowers are as light as dreams, and the boundless rain is as thin as sorrow.
It is the red that appears and the green that fades away, and the beauty of things slowly fades away.
The mountains and rivers in our eyes are far away, and the falling flowers and wind and rain hurt the spring even more.
There is no choice but the flowers fall away, and the familiar swallow returns.
4. Wine
The wine shop is in the down and out rivers and lakes, with a slender waist and light palms.
I rested and leaned alone high in the Mingyue Tower. The wine filled my heart with sadness, turning into tears of lovesickness.
Last night it rained and the wind blew, and I couldn’t get rid of the remaining wine after a deep sleep.
If you have wine today, you will be drunk today, and you will be worried tomorrow.
"Ask the world, who cares about the sorrow of farewell? What is in the cup."
"Three cups of farewell wine will break the liver and heart, and a song of separation and separation will add resentment."
Yes. Drinking and singing, what is life like? Like morning dew, it will be more painful every day. Generosity should be shown as generosity, and worries will be unforgettable. Why can only Du Kang relieve worries?"
"Cut the knife to cut off the water, the water will flow more, raise a glass to relieve the sorrow, the sorrow will become more sorrowful"
"The wine enters the sad heart and turns into tears of lovesickness. ”
We will say goodbye when we are too drunk to be happy. When we say goodbye, the vast river is soaked in the moon.
Hard work hates the frost on the temples, and the wine glass is muddy when the new one stops.
Persuasion You have a glass of wine, and there are no old friends out of Yangguan in the west
5. Wutong
The peach and plum blossoms bloom in the spring breeze, and the leaves of the Wutong fall in the autumn rain.
The lonely Wutong. The deep courtyard is locked in the clear autumn.
The west wind was blowing hard last night,
The tall buildings were full of dusk, and the rain was falling on the sycamore leaves.
I didn’t realize the dream of spring grass on the pond. The sycamore trees in front are filled with the sound of autumn.
After the sycamore trees are half dead and clear of frost, the white mandarin ducks are flying without their companions.
The sycamore trees are raining in the middle of the night, and they are not separated from each other. The sound drips from the empty steps until dawn.
Poetry of remembering the past and hurting the present
Chibi Du Mu
The broken halberd is sinking in the sand and the iron is not sold, but it will be washed away before it is gone. North Korea.
The east wind is not in harmony with Zhou Lang, and the bronze bird is locked in the spring.
Liu Yuxi in Wuyi Lane
The wild grass and flowers beside the Zhuque Bridge are in black clothes. The sunset is setting at the entrance of the alley.
In the old days, Yan flew into the homes of ordinary people.
Where can I find the ancestral hall of Prime Minister Du Fu?
The green grass on the steps reflects the beauty of spring, and the yellow oriole has a good sound in the sky. p>Died before leaving the army, the hero burst into tears
The river is red
I felt after climbing the Yellow Crane Tower
Yue Fei
Looking at the Central Plains, beyond the desolate smoke, there are many castles. I think of those days when the flowers covered the willows, the phoenix towers and the dragon pavilions were surrounded by pearls and green trees. [Note] Nowadays, the suburbs are full of iron cavalry and dusty. Evil.
Where is the army? Where is the people? The mountains and rivers are still the same. When will the army be sent back to Qingheluo? Touring Hanyang, riding a yellow crane
Note Longevity Mountain and Penghu Palace: refers to the Tushan Garden and Pavilion Palace built during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty
⑴ The contrast in this poem. Which two sentences lead it? What kind of rhetorical device is used in the sentence "Long live the mountains with pearls and green surroundings"? (2 points) ⑵ What "evil" scenes are written in the poem? (4 points)
⑶ The author climbs the Yellow Crane Tower to look at the Central Plains at the beginning of the poem, and ends with "Continue traveling to Hanyang and ride the Yellow Crane". What changes in the author's thoughts and feelings are reflected? (4 points) )
Reference answer
⑴Think about that time and now.
⑵The iron cavalry filled the countryside, the soldiers "painted their swords", and the people "filled the gullies." ", Thousands of villages are scattered.
⑶From the beginning, the sadness of the past and present decline, the resentment of foreign invasions that trampled the great rivers and mountains, the faint sorrow of the ruling class's extravagance and harming the country, and the determination to fight against the enemy and regain the lost territory, turned to imagination " It feels so comfortable to climb the Yellow Crane Tower after "Tirui Brigade" and "Qingheluo".
2010 College Entrance Examination Chinese Review: Appreciation of Poems that Praise History and Reminisce about Ancient Poems
1. The Concept of Ode to Epic Poetry
Poems about chanting history and reminiscing about ancient times mainly focus on historical events and historical figures , historical relics as themes, by climbing high to look far, chanting historical facts, and remembering ancient sites to achieve the purpose of lamenting the rise and fall, expressing grief, and satirizing the past and the present.
Ban Gu's "Ode to History" is the first poem in the history of Chinese poetry with the title of "Ode to History". It is the eight poems "Ode to History" written by Zuo Si of the Western Jin Dynasty that truly established the tradition of chanting history and remembering ancient times. This group of poems reflects the contradiction between poor intellectuals and aristocratic families by chanting history. This combination of narrating history and expressing feelings became a tradition of poetry that chanted history and recalled the past, and was passed down and followed by later generations of poets.
2. Characteristics of nostalgic poems
Fang Ruoxuyun: "Those who are nostalgic see ancient relics and miss the ancient people. There is no other matter, just the rise and fall of the wise and the foolish."
(1) Structure: Visiting the ancient place - Thinking about the ancient people - Reminiscing about the past - Expressing one's ambitions
(2) Content: The country - the decline of national fortunes, the ruler - licentiousness and extravagance, Famous places - they prospered in the past and are now declining. The ancients - great ambitions are hard to achieve, and when the country is worried about the country, they feel lonely and frustrated.
(3) Technique: Use allusions and contrast to satirize the present and mock the present
(4) Language: Implication
(5) Imagery: History Characters, historical events, Wugouwuyi Lane, Huaishui Liuying Back Garden Flowers
(6) Expression techniques: use allusions, compare the past and present, use the past to satirize the present, and discuss the matter immediately
(7) Thoughts and feelings: hanging on the past hurts the present, the prosperity of the past and the decline of the present, and unrecognized talents
(8) Style: either majestic or majestic, or subtle and melancholy
3. Allusions commonly used in nostalgia poems
1. Writing: "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" records: Ban Chao's family was poor and he made a living by copying documents for the government. He once lamented in writing that he would follow the example of Fu Jiezi and Zhang Qian in their meritorious service on the border and gain titles and titles. Later, "throwing a pen" meant abandoning literature and embracing martial arts.
2. Great Wall: "The Biography of Tan Daoji in Southern History". Tan Daoji was a general in the Southern Song Dynasty. He had great power and was jealous of the emperor and his ministers. Later, when Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty took the opportunity to kill him, Tan Daoji said angrily: "I am destroying your Great Wall!" Later, he used "Great Wall" to refer to the generals guarding the border.
3. Loulan: "Book of Han" records that King Loulan was greedy for money and killed Han envoys to the Western Regions many times. Later, Fu Jiezi was sent as an envoy to the Western Regions to plan to kill King Loulan and make meritorious service to the country. From then on, poets often used "Loulan" to refer to enemies on the border, and "broken (killed) Loulan" to refer to achievements.
4. Bending one's waist: According to "The Biography of Hermitage in the Book of the Song Dynasty", Tao Yuanming once served as the magistrate of Pengze County, but he abandoned his official position and returned to seclusion because he refused to "bend one's waist to the village boy for five measures of rice". "Bend one's waist" means to bow down and bow down. Later, it was used as a metaphor for bending one's body to serve others, but poets often use it contrary to its meaning. For example, Li Bai's "Dream Wandering in Tianmu Mountains Leaving Farewell": "An Neng can destroy his eyebrows and bend his waist to serve the powerful, making me unhappy?"
5. Huabi: According to "Zhuangzi Foreign Things", Chang Hong was a member of the Zhou Dynasty The virtuous minister was innocently convicted and was exiled to Shu. After he committed suicide in Shu, the locals hid his blood in a jade box. Three years later, the blood turned into jasper. Later, people often used "Huabi" to describe upright and upright people who were wronged and wronged for the cause of justice.
10. Wuliu: Tao Yuanming's "Biography of Mr. Wuliu" records: There is a Wuliu tree beside the house, so it is named Yan. Later, "Wu Liu" became a synonym for the hermit.
11. Dongli: Tao Yuanming's "Drinking": "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan." Later, "East Li" was often used to express the pastoral life or elegant sentiments after resigning from office and retiring into seclusion. For example, Li Qingzhao's "Drunk Flower Yin": "After dusk when I drink wine in Dongli, there is a faint fragrance filling my sleeves."
13. Lao Song: This refers to the song sung when seeing off guests at Lao Lao Pavilion. The old site of Laolauting is in Nanjing, which was a famous farewell place in ancient times. "Lao Ge" later became the synonym for farewell song.
16. Yangguan: Wang Wei's "Sending Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi"; "The morning rain in Weicheng is light and dusty, and the guest houses are green and willows are new. I advise you to have a glass of wine, and there will be no old friends when you leave Yangguan in the west."
"Later, the songs sung when bidding farewell were called "Besieged City" and "Yangguan".
Back Courtyard Flower - the back garden flower of Yushu. It is said that it was a piece of music composed by the emperor of the Southern Dynasties. It is called "Qi". The sound of extravagance. For example: "The merchant girl does not forget her country's hatred, but she still sings the flowers in the backyard across the river. "(Du Mu's "Port Qinhuai")
Yangliu Song - Yuefu tune "Willow Branch", sometimes also called "Breaking Willow", mainly writes about military life, from Liang and Chen to Tang Dynasty, mostly about trauma. Other words often express nostalgia, such as: "Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows? The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass. "(Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci") "I heard the broken willows in the flute, but I have never seen the spring scenery. "(One of Li Bai's "Six Songs under the Sai")
Difficulty in Traveling - the name of an ancient song, which talks about the difficulty of the world and the sadness of parting. For example: "After the snow in the Tianshan Mountains, the sea is cold and the wind is blowing, and the transverse flute is blowing all over the place." "The Journey Is Difficult" (Li Yi's "Joining the Army in the Northern Expedition")
Four. Steps and methods for appreciating poems about chanting history and remembering ancient times.
It is necessary to clarify the historical facts. The subject matter determines that the content of the poem is very historical. Therefore, the first step in appreciation is to have a certain understanding of the historical facts and characters involved in the work, such as Chibi, Jinling, Bianhe and other historical and cultural connotations. Place names. This requires us to accumulate a certain amount of historical knowledge. Of course, poetry annotations can sometimes help us complete this first step.
To understand the intentions of later generations. The nostalgia of the past must have a practical reason or a medium to trigger emotions. The small imperial court in the Southern Song Dynasty lived in peace and quiet, and had no way to serve the country. This is the practical reason why the poet must understand his feelings. There are generally several situations in chanting history and remembering the past: one is calm and rational thinking about history, and the poet himself is not involved in it. For example, Du Mu and Wang Anshi both wrote the poem "Inscribed on Wujiang Pavilion". Du Mu regretted Xiang Yu's suicide. : “The children of Jiangdong are so talented and their comeback is unknown. However, Wang Anshi realized that Xiang Yu's failure was a historical necessity: "Although the children of Jiangdong are here today, are they willing to come back for the king?" "Another situation is to knit historical facts and reality together, either to lament personal experiences or to criticize social reality. The two Song poems we learned in middle school, "Chibi Nostalgia" and "Jingkou Beigu Pavilion Nostalgia", are So.
We need to analyze the writing methods.
Different writing methods are determined by the needs of the theme. There are discussions, such as "Wang Zhaojun" by Liu Xianting of the Qing Dynasty, which makes a bitter satire on the incompetence of the Han Yuan Emperor, or makes a positive and negative comparison, or makes a sideways contrast. In addition, quoting allusions is also a common expression in poems that chant history and remember ancient times. Technique.
5. Understand and recite the following poems.
1. Du Mu sits in Qinhuai. The woman did not know the hatred of her country, but she still sang "Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river.
Note: ① Qinhuai is the name of a river (Jiangsu Province). The Qinhuai River runs through the city and flows into the Yangtze River. There are many restaurants on both sides. , it was a place where wealthy nobles, bureaucrats and scholar-bureaucrats had fun and feasted. ② "Houting Flower" is said to be written by Chen Houzhu of the Southern Dynasty. Because Chen Houzhu spent all his time having fun and ignored the government, he eventually lost his country. The poem "Flowers in the Back Garden" has become the sound of the country's subjugation.
(1) The poem uses two words for "cage". Let's talk about their expressive effects.
The word "cage" not only highlights the misty silence of the night by the water, but also expresses the poet's sadness and sadness.
(2) Tell us about your understanding of the third and fourth sentences.
On the surface, the poet is criticizing the singer for not understanding the hatred of the country's subjugation. In fact, the people listening to the song should be high-ranking officials, so this sentence is actually a criticism of those high-ranking officials who do not take national affairs as a priority and are greedy for temporary pleasure.
p>2. Passing by Du Mu at Huaqing Palace
Looking back at Chang'an, there are piles of embroidery. Thousands of doors are opening on the top of the mountain. A red concubine is laughing, but no one knows that it is a lychee.
Notes: ① Huaqing Palace: The former site is located in Lishan Mountain, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. It was the place where Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty and Concubine Yang Guifei had fun.
This poem organizes the whole poem around the dramatic conflict between "a ride in the red dust" and "the concubine's smile". The conception and layout are amazing. Please briefly explain your understanding of this sentence.
On the one hand, it is the "rider" who drives day and night on the high speed that rolls up the "red dust" to deliver lychees, sweating profusely and miserable; on the other hand, it is the noble concubine who gets fresh lychees, Yan Ran A smile, overwhelming joy. The contrast between the two contains a silent condemnation of the arrogant and extravagant life. King Zhou You's beacon tower is also on the top of Mount Li. The author lets Concubine Yang see "a ride on the red dust" at the "top" of Lishan Mountain, and specifically uses the three words "concubine smiles" to intentionally remind readers of the historical lesson of "a concubine's smile captivates everyone".
3. Du Mu, Chibi
The broken halberd sinks in the sand and the iron is not sold, but it will be washed and washed to recognize the former dynasty. Dongfeng refuses to go along with Zhou Lang, and Tongquechun locks Erqiao deeply.
Note: Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao are famous beauties in Jiangdong. Da Qiao is the wife of Sun Ce and Xiao Qiao is the wife of Zhou Yu. It is said that Cao Cao built the Bronze Que Terrace and ordered Cao Zhi to write "Ode to the Bronze Que Terrace", which says: "Take the 'Two Qiaos' to the southeast, and meet them in the east morning and evening."
" The east wind is not at ease with Zhou Lang, and the spring of the bronze bird is locked up with Er Qiao. "What do these two sentences mean?
The two lines of the poem say that if the east wind had not given Zhou Yu convenience, Cao Cao might have won the victory, and history would have been rewritten. The results of these two assumptions are contrary to historical facts. Cao Cao's literary talent and military strategy are not inferior to Zhou Yu's, and in terms of military strength, they are far superior to the Sun Liu coalition. In the battle of Chibi, Cao's army was defeated, and Zhou Yu just had the east wind. Success cannot be determined by one battle, which shows Du Mu's excellent historical knowledge.
4. Titled Wujiangting by Du Mu
The victorious and defeated soldiers have unexpected family affairs, and it is a man to bear shame. There are many talented people from Jiangdong, and their comeback is unknown.
Wujiang Pavilion Wang Anshi
The brave soldiers who are tired from a hundred battles mourn, and the Central Plains will never recover once it is defeated. Although the children of Jiangdong are here today, are they willing to come back for the king?
Wujiang Li Qingzhao
He was a hero in life and a hero in death. I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong.
Notes: ① Wujiang Pavilion: Its former site is in Wujiang Town, He County, Anhui Province. It is the place where Xiang Yu committed suicide after being defeated. ②Jiangdong: refers to the Jiangnan area below Wuhu and Nanjing in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It is the place where Xiang Yu launched his troops.
(1) These three poems all praise Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, but they evaluate Xiang Yu from different perspectives. What are their perspectives?
The first song is evaluated from the perspective of soldiers using troops. The second song is evaluated from the perspective of public support. The third song is evaluated from the perspective of solar terms.
(2) What views do these three poems express through their evaluation of Xiang Yu?
Through this poem, Du Mu expressed his views on the gains and losses of victory and defeat, and the rise and fall of history. That is, victory and defeat are common matters for military strategists. As long as they endure the humiliation and regroup, they will surely be able to make a comeback. Wang Anshi believed that the people's will and situation determine the outcome of the war, and the laws of history cannot be violated. Li Qingzhao believed that people should pay attention to integrity, do a vigorous career while alive, and be magnificent when they die.
5. Jinling nostalgic Liu Yuxi
The tide is full of Yecheng Zhu, and the sun is setting at the imperial pavilion. The new grass in Caizhou is green, and the old smoke of the shogunate is green.
The ups and downs are determined by personnel, the mountains, rivers and empty terrain. The song "Flowers in the Back Garden" is full of resentment and unbearable listening.
Note: ①Yecheng: In the Chaotianmen area of ??today's Nanjing, it is said that it was the smelting and casting place of King Wu Fucha. ②Zhenglu Pavilion: Built by Xie Shi, the general of Zhenglu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, its original site is in the southern suburbs of today's Nanjing City.
(1) What is the purpose of this poem?
Lamenting the changes in the rise and fall of dynasties, the ups and downs, and using the past to satirize the present through discussion and emotion, the poet used the still popular "Flowers in the Backyard of Yushu" to imply that the rulers of the Tang Dynasty today rely on the dangers of Guanzhong's hundreds of mountains and rivers. , indulged in sensual pleasure, following in the footsteps of the Six Dynasties, the consequences are unimaginable.
(2). When is the scene written in the first couplet? Morning and evening.
(3) What expression is used in "the ups and downs are determined by personnel, the mountains, rivers and empty terrain"? What is the profound meaning of these two sentences?
The neck couplet continues the previous two couplets and is transferred to the discussion. The poet revealed the secrets of the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties in extremely concise language and warned the world. Where has the prosperity of the Six Dynasties gone? Where are the powerful people at that time now? The dangerous mountain and river situation did not provide guarantee for their long-term peace and stability; the rise and fall of the country should originally depend on personnel! In this couplet, the poet thought about thousands of miles away, composed his own great poems, and put forward the outstanding insight that the existence of the country "depends on virtue but not on danger".
6. Liu Yuxi in Wuyi Alley
There are wild flowers and wild flowers beside Zhuque Bridge, and the setting sun is setting at the entrance of Wuyi Alley. In the old days, the swallows in front of Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people.
Note: Wuyi Lane has been the residence of the Wang and Xie families since the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Wang Dao Xie An was once the prime minister and became prominent for a while. "Wang's calligraphy and Xie's poetry" are also enough to make people admire them.
(1) From the perspective of the whole poem, what kind of scene do “wild grass flowers” ??and “sunset sun” reflect?
From the perspective of the whole poem, “wild grass flowers” ??and “sunset sun” reflect "Slant" reflects a scene of desolation, desolation and decline.
(2) In fact, it is impossible for Lao Yan who was "in front of Wang Xietang" more than 400 years ago to fly into the homes of ordinary people. But what is the purpose of the author writing this?
The purpose of the author's writing is to arouse readers' imagination, secretly describe the past prosperity of Wuyi Lane, highlight the contrast between the past and the present, and arouse feelings about the vicissitudes of life.
7. Stone City Liu Yuxi
My motherland is surrounded by mountains, and the city is lonely in the empty city. In the old days on the east side of the Huai River, the moon came over the female wall late at night.
Note: Stone City is located at the western foot of Qingliang Mountain in Nanjing. From the Stone City Gate in Longpanli, Huju Pass to the Caochang Gate, you can see the majestic city walls and towering stone cliffs. This is built against the mountain. of stone city. During the Warring States Period, the Chu State built Jinling City in the Qingliang Mountain area. In 212 AD, Sun Quan rebuilt it and renamed it Stone City. The city is located on the mountains and rivers, with the Qinhuai River mouth to the south. The situation is dangerous and it was an important place for river defense in the Six Dynasties. Zhang Bo's "Wu Lu" records: Zhuge Liang said: "Zhongshan has dragons and cockroaches, and stones and tigers are perched on it. It is also the residence of the emperor."
What is the emotion of this poem? How is this feeling expressed? What is the purpose of the expression?
The poet writes about change with unchanged words. Mountains, tides, water and moon accompany the lonely and empty city, while the prosperity of the Six Dynasties has become a relic of the past. The decline of the Six Dynasties was used to express feelings about the changing nature of things and the decline of national fortunes, hoping that the rulers at that time would take a warning.
8. Looking at the Ancients in Yue Zhong Li Bai
The king of Yue Gou Jian defeated Wu and returned, and the soldiers returned home with all their glory. The maids filled the Spring Palace like flowers, but now only partridges are flying.
Su Tai looks at the ancient times, Li Bai
The old garden is deserted and the willows are new, and the spring songs are endless. Now there is only the moon from the Xijiang River, which once shone on the people in King Wu's palace
Note: ①Sutai is Gusutai, which was the place where King Wu Fu Chai played for fun during the Spring and Autumn Period. The original site is in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province today. ②Yuezhong: That is, Yuezhou in the Tang Dynasty, where the governance is now in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province
Both are Li Bai's nostalgic poems, but the artistic techniques and the thoughts and feelings expressed in the two poems are different. Please share your views based on the ideological content of the two poems.
"Looking at the Ancients in Yuezhong" focuses on exaggerating the prosperity of Yue Palace in the past, and the conclusion focuses on today's desolate ruins. It uses a strong contrast to describe the desolation of Gusu Terrace today, expressing the prosperity of the past and the decline of the present. With emotion; "Looking at the Ancients of Sutai" focuses on describing the desolation of Gusutai today, and uses the ancient and modern natural scenery to set off the vagaries of human affairs.
9. Climbing the Phoenix Terrace in Jinling by Li Bai
The Phoenix travels on the Phoenix Terrace, and the phoenix leaves the platform and the Kongjiang River flows by itself. The flowers and plants of the Wu Palace are buried in the secluded paths, and the clothes of the Jin Dynasty are transformed into ancient hills.
Beyond the blue sky that is halfway down from the three mountains, there is Bailuzhou in a body of water. The floating clouds can always cover the sun, and the absence of Chang'an makes people sad.
Note: ① This poem was written when the author was squeezed out of Chang'an and traveled south to Jinling. ②Wu Palace: During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Wu once built the capital and palace in Jinling. ③Jin Dynasty: Refers to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with Jinling as the capital. ④ Clothing: refers to the famous family at that time. ⑤Chengguqiu: Become a pile of ancient tombs.
Understand the meaning of "always clouds can cover the sun" based on the whole poem.
The end of the sentence contains the word "sorrow". What is the author "sorrowful" about?
The sentence "Always clouds can block the sun" uses metaphors. "Floating clouds" are used to describe treacherous ministers, and "sun" is used to describe the monarch. "Always clouds can block the sun" implies that the emperor is surrounded by evil spirits, and he himself It is very sad that there is no way to serve the country. The "sorrow" written by the poet embodies this kind of feeling of worrying about the king and the country, not showing his talent, and not waiting for the time.
10. Du Fu, Prime Minister of Shu
Where can I find the ancestral hall of the Prime Minister? There are many cypresses outside Jinguan City. The green grass reflects the spring color on the steps, and the oriole sounds good in the sky through the leaves.
Three visits have troubled the world, and two dynasties have helped the hearts of the old ministers. He died before leaving the army, which made the hero burst into tears.
Note: ① Prime Minister of Shu: refers to Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. ②Jinguancheng: Another name for Chengdu in ancient times. ③Bai Sensen: Cypress trees grow tall and dense. ③Oriole: Oriole. ④Three visits: Refers to Liu Bei’s three visits to the thatched cottage to see Zhuge Liang. ⑤Two Dynasties: Refers to the two dynasties of Liu Bei and Liu Chan, father and son. ⑥Kaiji: Create a foundation and help in times of crisis. ⑦ Failed to achieve victory after the expedition: Zhuge Liang sent troops to attack Wei five times. In the twelfth year of Jianxing (234), he and Wei Sima Yi resisted each other for more than a hundred days in Weinan, and died of illness in the Wuzhangyuan army.
(1) Scenery descriptions will always seep into the author’s subjective feelings. Let’s analyze the sentence “The green grass reflects the spring color on the steps, and the oriole sounds good in the sky through the leaves” in the poem "The Prime Minister of Shu", and say that it is most closely related to the artistic conception. The two words "close"
This sentence is what I saw after I wrote it into the temple. It means: the grass in front of the steps is green in spring, and it is like this every year, but for whom is it green? The oriole on the other side of the leaf is singing so beautifully, but who is listening? The two words most closely related to the artistic conception are "自" and "empty". From the words "自" and "empty", we can see the desolate and desolate atmosphere in the temple, which contains sentimental meaning.
(2) What is the main theme of this poem?
The main purpose is to praise and admire Zhuge Liang's talents and achievements, while regretting that his ambition has not been realized. Take the ancients as their own example.
11. Climbing Xian Mountain with the Scholars Meng Haoran
People have their own metabolism, and their exchanges have become the past and the present. The mountains and rivers have left traces of their beauty, and we will come here again.
The fish beams are shallow when the water falls, and the dreamland is deep when the weather is cold. The Yanggong Monument is still there, and I shed tears after reading it.
Notes: ① "The fish beam is shallow when the water falls, and the dream is deep when the weather is cold": These two sentences are about what you see when you climb a mountain. "Shallow" refers to the water. Because of the "water drop", more of Yuliangzhou is exposed to the water, so it is called "shallow"; "deep" refers to Meng Ze, the vast Yunmeng Ze, which stretches as far as the eye can see and makes people feel profound. ②Yanggong Monument: According to the "Jin Shu Biography of Yang Hu", when Yang Hu was in Jingxiang town, he often went to this mountain to set up wine and chant. Yang Hu had political achievements during his lifetime. After his death, the people of Xiangyang and Xianshan built monuments and temples. "Every year they feast and offer sacrifices. Everyone who looks at his monument sheds tears."
What kind of ideological content does the first couplet of this poem express? What kind of thoughts and feelings does the word "Shang" in the last couplet express?
The first couplet illustrates the philosophy of life that personnel and affairs are always changing and time is passing by; the word "Shang" in the last couplet not only reflects the change of dynasties, personnel and Despite the changes, the admirable feeling that the Yanggong Monument still stands on Hyansou Mountain contains the sadness that the author has still done nothing and will inevitably be lost to obscurity after his death.
12. Wei Zhuang, Taicheng
The river is raining and the grass is flowing, and the six dynasties are like birds chirping in the sky. The most ruthless willow is Taicheng Liu, still smoked ten miles away from the embankment.
Note: Wei Zhuang was born in Duling, Jingzhao (now Xi'an, Shaanxi) in the late Tang Dynasty.
(1) This is a poem in tribute to the monuments of the Six Dynasties. Why does the poet say "Taicheng Liu" is "ruthless"?
Because although the prosperity of the Six Dynasties has passed away like a dream, Taicheng willows still flourish in spring. Regardless of the vicissitudes of the world and the rise and fall of the world, it always gives people a sense of prosperity. With it The prosperity and prosperity of Taicheng are in sharp contrast to the desolation and decay of Taicheng, and its eternal beauty and the fleeting dream-like prosperity of the Six Dynasties are in sharp contrast, so the poet calls it "ruthless".
(2) Some people say that when poets pay tribute to ancient monuments, they reveal strong sentimentality about current events. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
Agree. Because the poet lived in the late Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty was in full decline at this time. The prosperity of the past was gone, like a dream, replaced by war and chaos, and the people were living in dire straits.
The poet pays homage to the ancient ruins of Taicheng and looks back on the past events of the Six Dynasties. Today, the Tathagata looks at the past and the Tathagata looks at the present. The fate of the Six Dynasties that first prospered and then declined reminded the poet of the Tang Dynasty, nostalgic for the past and sad for the present.
13. Jia Sheng and Li Shangyin
The promulgation office sought talents and visited ministers, but Jia Sheng's talent was even more unmatched. It's a pity that I sit down at the front table in the middle of the night and don't ask about the common people or the ghosts and gods.
Jia Sheng and Wang Anshi
Who can think of the king as Bo Jia Sheng if he plans and implements it for a while? The title of nobility has been abolished since ancient times.
Note: Front seat: The ancients sat on the floor. When talking and speculating, they unconsciously moved the seat forward and got closer to the other party.
Both these two poems are commentaries on Jia Yi of the Han Dynasty, but they are written from different angles. Please tell me from what angles the two poems are written.
The writing angle of Li's poem is to satirize Emperor Wen's mourning for Jia Sheng, lamenting that Jia Sheng's talent and learning in governing the country could not be used; Wang's poem praises Emperor Wen's praise of Jia Sheng, believing that Jia Sheng was not favored by the king. Poor Treatment was written out of gratitude for the kindness of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty.
14. Nian Nujiao·Chibi Nostalgic Su Shi
The great river goes eastward, and the waves are gone, and there are romantic figures throughout the ages. On the west side of the fort, the way of humanity is, Chibi, Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms. Rocks pierced through the sky, stormy waves crashed onto the shore, and thousands of piles of snow were rolled up. The country is picturesque, and there are so many heroes at one time.
Thinking back to Gong Jin’s time, Xiao Qiao was married for the first time, with a majestic appearance and a feather fan and silk scarf. While talking and laughing, the boats and oars disappeared into ashes. My motherland wanders in my mind, I should laugh at my passion, and I will be born early. Life is like a dream, a bottle of wine can return the moon to the river.
Note: This poem was written in July of the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty (1082). At that time, because Su Shi's poems satirized the new law, he was relegated to Huangzhou for criticizing the new bureaucrat Luo Zhi. This poem was written when he visited Chibiji outside Huanggang City.
Analyze the characteristics of the sceneries and the feelings expressed in the words, and understand the poet's bold style.
From the description of the scenery, the descriptions are of lofty artistic conception, majestic and magnificent scenery. The poet misses the ancient heroes and their great achievements, expresses the praise of the heroes and the lamentation that the ambition is difficult to achieve. The emotion is broad-minded but not sad, giving people a positive and uplifting power. The whole poem is majestic and powerful.
15. Nanxiangzi·Dengjingkou Beiguting is pregnant with Xin Qiji
Where can I see China? Beigu Tower is full of scenery. How many things have happened through the ages? Long and long, the Yangtze River is rolling!
The young man Wan Dou satisfies the battle in the southeast. Who is the rival of the world's heroes? Cao Liu, give birth to a son like Sun Zhongmou!