Reading Secretary at Dongshu is a reading note written by Chen Li, a famous Lingnan scholar in the Qing Dynasty. Famous academic works in Lingnan. The author intended to make 25 volumes, which were divided into classics, history, Confucianism and elementary schools, but 1 volumes on history were not completed. Chen published only 9 volumes before his death. Guangxu Nianwen was carved into 15 volumes by Liao Tingxiang, a master, and it is a popular book. Name of the basic introduction works: alias of Dong Shu's reading secretary's works: creation year of Xue Si Lu: Qing literature genre: reading notes Author: Chen Li's content outline, creation process, influence of works, author's brief introduction, version spread, content outline This book is a compilation of Chen's reading experience for decades, which is the result of his life's hard work. The content covers the dispute between Sinology and Zhuxue in Qing Dynasty, as well as philology, phonology, geography and calendar music. Its theory of phonology is the most accurate. Li Ciming, a Qing dynasty man, commented: "It is not for the theory of novelty, but for seeking truth from facts, which has made great contributions to the world." This book is an important work to study Chen Li's academic thought. Although the book is marked with 25 volumes, it is actually 15 volumes, which was ordered by Chen at the age of 7. Book of Filial Piety, Book of Rites, Book of Rites, Book of Rites, Book of Rites, Book of Rites, Book of Rites, Book of Rites, Book of Rites, Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period, Book of Changes, Book of Eleven Elementary Schools, Book of Poems, Book of Rites, Book of Rites, Book of Rites, Book of Rites, Book of Twelve Chapters. Volumes 13, 14, 17 to 2, 22 to 25 were not completed. Liao Ting, a master, matched the remaining ten volumes of unfinished manuscripts, and left it named "Dong Shu Miscellaneous". The purpose of this book is to explore the gains and losses of the change of Confucian classics. Follow Zheng's Theory of Six Arts, take the Classic of Filial Piety as the root of the Tao and the general meeting of the six arts, learn the Book of Changes without believing the theory of Yu Fan, and learn the Book of Rites with courtesy: take a second look at the schools of Zhou and Qin Dynasties, find out their shortcomings and take their alcohol; Secondly, it shows the essence of Confucianism after the Han and Jin Dynasties. Chen's Preface to Xuesi Record claims to be: "The rest is Xuesi Record, and most of the cited books are annotations, official history and Zhuzishu. It can be said that alcohol is right, and it is so profound to be close to people. It is not. " Liu Xian-kui said that he couldn't test the Confucian scholars of Jia and Dao. Also known as Lan Fu, he can chew home-cooked meals, but he can seek justice, not for triviality, and he is better than his words. Li Ciming called it "Zuo Zhuan" added by many descendants, taking the theory that Yao Jichuan and Wu Qibei attached benefits; It is said that Gou Zi's so-called scholars stop wanting to win over their predecessors, and his "Non-Twelve Sons" specializes in Zi Si and Mencius, which makes him lose a lot. It is also said that Xunzi despised Ziyou's words more than Zi Zhang and Zi Xia's, or that Zisi and Mencius' learning was based on Ziyou, so he falsely said that you were a poet. Today's press: The book is practical and realistic, and words must have signs, which can be described as an immortal work. What Chen Li craves most in his later years is not a reputation, but a quiet environment that is undisturbed, and he can concentrate on his beloved reading and writing career. Besides, he has nothing to expect. In the career of reading and writing, his greatest wish and most urgent task in his later years is to finish his most important works, Xue Si Lu and Dong Shu Du Shu. This is a great book that devoted most of his life to his ideals, ambitions, long-cherished wishes and expectations. This book was not partially finalized by Chen Li until her later years, and it was published one after another. However, due to various reasons, it was not completed as expected. During the high tide of academic activities, such as the Bureau of Map and Map of the General School, giving lectures at the Jupo Fine House and presiding over the engraving of books by Guangdong Bookstore, Chen Li's writing plan of Xue Si Lu had to be affected to some extent, the main manifestation of which was that it was delayed and the progress slowed down obviously. He said in "To Luoshan": "It's meaningless to divide the energy of writing with the aging time because of the unfinished business of drawing maps and editing county annals, and the endless stream of entertainment with pen and ink." It is a reflection of helpless complaints. However, he did not completely stop and give up the writing of Xue Si Lu. Instead, he made use of every bit of gap time to hurry up and push forward step by step. When she resigned from the Bureau of Maps and Maps, especially after the closure of Guangdong Bookstore, Chen Li's time and energy were relatively relaxed and abundant, and the writing progress of Xue Si Lu was obviously accelerated. The writing of Xue Si Lu is complicated, and the project is numerous and complicated. It is really not easy to be thoughtful, concise and concise. Chen Li was prepared to finish it in 1 years, which seemed optimistic. However, with the development of the compilation work and the interference of other business activities, especially with the growth of age, physical decline and illness, Chen Li felt that it was increasingly difficult to complete it within 1 years. Later, it was found that it was very slim to finish it in one's lifetime, and I'm afraid it was a distant future. In his letter to his old friend Yang Rongxu, he said, "But it's just unknown whether he will succeed or not." He also wrote in his notes: "Yu Zhi's Record of Learning and Thinking will stay for another ten years. If it is less than a year, it has already been arranged by his protege, such as the Notes of Qianqiu." It can be seen that he has made the final arrangement in thought and made the worst plan. In order to write Xuesi Lu, Chen Li made an unprecedented and large-scale data collection and accumulation preparation. He has read Annotations on Thirteen Classics, Zhuzi Books in Zhou and Qin Dynasties, Books on Confucian Classics in Han Dynasty, Shuowen Jiezi, Guoyu, Warring States Policy, Twenty-four History, Zi Zhi Tong Jian, Tongdian, Wenxuan, Pian Ti Wen Chao, and collections of poems and essays of famous scholars in past dynasties. Wen Tingshi, a disciple of his, recalled: "A teacher must sit up after studying all his life. There are 5 thousand volumes of books, and Dan Huang has been there several times. In his later years, he reread the Twenty-four History, added Zhu Diankan, and went to the History of Yuan Dynasty, but he died without graduation. " The Twenty-four History has been read through twice, and the amount of reading can be imagined. This was very rare among peers at that time. In addition to extensive reading, Chen Li also began to copy and extract all kinds of original materials related to Xue Si Lu for future compilation, which is what he himself called "copying a group of books". The original materials copied from these excerpts can be regarded as a series of records of Xue Si Lu, which is similar to that when Sima Guang edited Zi Zhi Tong Jian, he first made a series of records, then made a long compilation and finally finalized it. He said in the book "Brothers with Hu Boji": "The draft of Xue Si Lu has been more than a foot, and the number of people who should be recorded is less than half. I can concentrate on it next year." It reflects the fact that he diligently extracted, copied and accumulated original materials. Because of the heavy workload of extracting and copying books, the number of accumulated drafts is naturally amazing. There are more than a thousand copies of the so-called legacy of Dongshu, most of which are the remaining drafts or unfinished drafts of Xue Si Lu compiled by Chen Li before his death, and most of them are the original literature materials extracted and copied from his extensive reading of various subsets and groups of books and documents. Chen Li is not satisfied with reading extensively and abstracting diligently, and even less staying at the stage of "copying a group of books". He developed a good habit of reading essays very early. He himself said, "If you get something from reading, you will remember it. If you have something to say, you will remember it." These gains and comments are a large number of eyebrows, comments or comments written down casually in the process of reading, which can also be called reading notes. These notes are as short as one or two words, or more than a dozen words, and as many as hundreds of words for the elderly, or make the finishing point, or be concise, or give full play to them, all of which are the concentrated expression of his academic thoughts. While reading extensively the historical records, Chen Li assiduously extracted and copied the original materials, while criticizing and commenting on them, which is a set of basic procedures, methods and steps for him to write Xue Si Lu. What is formed in this process can be called a draft or a "long edition", which is an important step and an indispensable intermediate link in the future finalization. And Chen Li's series of thinking arrangements about the content, purpose, style, structure and scope of Xue Si Lu, that is, in this long-term preparation and writing process, gradually matured, perfected and became more clear and concrete. With the gradual increase of data accumulation, the gradual deepening of compilation work and the gradual combing of ideas, Chen Li's overall design and planning structure of Xue Si Lu are also changing and adjusted from time to time. Around the tenth year of Tongzhi (1871), Chen Li decided to officially rename Xue Si Lu as Dong Shu Du Shu. Why did Chen Li change the title of the book? Mainly to emphasize the importance of reading. He wrote: "People after the Southern Song Dynasty did not study, so Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty was extremely poor. People in this dynasty have been studying, and they have rested for nearly thirty or forty years. Yu Zhi made this, so the name "Reading the Secretary" is also. " Here, Chen Li strongly advocates and flaunts reading, with a clear intention of criticizing the current disadvantages, correcting the bias of customs and setting an example for the world. So he finally changed Xuesi Lu to Reading Secretary, and his foothold was here. The writing and revision of Xue Si Lu and Dong Shu Du Shu continued intermittently for more than 1 years. Because Chen Li is extremely strict with her own writing, the book has not been finalized and engraved. Around the first year of Guangxu (1875), Liu Rongzhai, a friend of Chen Li, suggested to him that the book should be published one after another. Chen Li thinks this suggestion is very reasonable, so she changed the original intention of waiting until the book was finalized before publishing and engraving in Fu Zi, and adopted a compromise scheme of publishing and engraving while revising. In this way, "Dong Shu Du Shu" has become a volume published with the year. Since then, it has become the most important task of Chen Li's writing life in her later years to revise and engrave Dong Shu Du Shu. It is planned to write a 25-volume book, which is actually divided into two parts: the first part is "Confucian Classics" and the second part is "History of Confucian Classics". This kind of style and structure is not casually pieced together, but the result of careful determination by Chen Li after years of deliberation, painstaking exploration and repeated deliberation. Only in this way, Chen Li's long-cherished wish and ambition of "general discussion on ancient and modern scholarship" and "seeking a subtle meaning, where the source and stream of Confucian classics are changing" can be better realized through the arrangement of this specific style and structure, and the predetermined goal can be satisfactorily achieved. So it is a kind of elaborate design and ingenuity. For example, the "Confucian Classics" in the book is headed by "Filial Piety", followed by "Analects of Confucius" and "Mencius", which is obviously different from the arrangement order of the traditional thirteen classics. The purpose is to show that the book of filial piety "is the root of Tao and the general meeting of six arts", combined with the Analects of Confucius, "and the way to govern the country is in it" It can be seen that there is a deep meaning in it. Another example is that in the chapter "History of Confucian Classics", two volumes "Zheng Xue" and "Zhu Xi" are specially set up, which is intended to commend Zheng Xuan and Zhu Xi and highlight their special position in the history of Confucian Classics, so as to achieve the goal of reconciling and integrating Han and Song Dynasties. These are all the places where Chen Li has worked hard. Before Chen Li's death, most of the people who had engraved "Reading the Secretary at Dongshu" belonged to the first chapter on "Confucian Classics". However, the first part is not an interpretation of the original classics of the Thirteen Classics, or a new annotation and a new omission, but a reading experience about the Thirteen Classics, with a comprehensive summary, key explanation and comprehensive comment. However, most of the unpublished parts belong to the next chapter on the history of Confucian classics. As a result, some scholars in later generations think that the part of "General Discussion on Ancient and Modern Academics" in Dong Shu Du Shuji is relatively weak and fails to fully express and reflect all Chen Li's academic thoughts. After the publication of "Dong Shu Du Shu Shu", it was immediately attached importance to by the academic circles and won favorable comments. For example, Liu Xizai, a good friend of Chen Li and a former Guangdong scholar, thought that the Secretary of Dongshu Reading was above Gu Yanwu's Rizhilu. In the 2th year of Guangxu (1894), there were candidates who quoted the Secretary of Dong Shu Reading as a classic in the examination paper. Some people objected to this. The examiner Weng Tongshu said, "Emperor Guangxu also put the Secretary of Dong Shu Reading on his desk and often read it." Opponents have nothing to say at this point. Wen Tingshi, a disciple of Chen Li, once wrote: "I have been a teacher for more than ten years, and it is a great honor to invite Yu Lan to read the book." Regard it as a great honor. At the end of Guangxu, Li Ciming, a famous scholar, spent 5-6 years reading The Secretary of Dong Shu, and he repeatedly spoke highly of it in his diary: "His learning compromised Han and Song Dynasties and sought truth from facts." "His words are extremely plain." "It is very useful for the world to show people how to recite scriptures and find ways to interpret righteousness and reason." Xiao Mu of Tongcheng also wrote in the "Jingfu Draft": "Mr. Chen Lanfu of Panyu's" Reading the Secretary of Dongshu "has ten volumes, which are fair and practical, and are the words of his life. It is hard to say that the book of the Ministry is close to you. " Li Ciming is a famous sinologist, while Xiao Mu is a representative of the Song School camp. Both Han and Song Dynasties praised and praised Dong Shu Du Shu, which shows that Chen Li's efforts to reconcile Han and Song Dynasties have achieved positive results. Today, scholars recognize "Dong Shu Du Shu" as an academic classic and a representative work of Chen Li. When it comes to Chen Li, people think of "Dong Shu Du Shu", and vice versa. The two have been integrated. In the first month of the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), Chen Li's illness worsened, so he could only lie on the bed or sit in a chair and could not read books. He asked his son Chen Zongkan and others to read to him, or silently recited his poems. Chen Li said to his son Chen Zongkan and his disciples in the hospital bed, "I can't afford to get sick, but I'm over 7, so what can I ask for?" When I was forty years old, I had already understood the principle of life and death. Life and death are still around the clock, and I am not cautious about love. " And personally delivered a suicide note to the master Chen Shuyong for cataloging. It can be seen that what he was most concerned about before his death was still the compilation of "Secretary of Dong Shu Reading", his unfinished writings, and the famous academic career he pursued diligently and struggled for his whole life. On the 22nd day of the first month of the eighth year of Guangxu (March 11th, 1882), Chen Li died at the age of 73. Buried in Dapanlonggang outside Dadongmen, Guangzhou. A generation of Confucianism died, and the family sighed. Jin Wuxiang, a contemporary, called Chen Li "the first Confucian scholar in southern China" in the elegiac couplet, which represented the respect and general knowledge of Chen Li's academic status in the academic circles at that time. Chen Li worked hard all his life, writing incessantly and writing abundantly. But how many books are there? I'm afraid it's hard to answer this question clearly for a while. Because of his works, there are differences between finished and unfinished works, and between engraved and uncut works, the situation is more complicated. According to the statistics of Wu Maoxie and Huang Guosheng, there are 116 kinds of books written by Chen Li, including engraved, uncut and preserved books. This is a more detailed analysis and discussion of Chen Li's works so far. It is true that Zhi Weicheng regarded Chen Li as a Confucian classics teacher who adopted both Han and Song Dynasties in Biography of Master Pu Xue. It is the direction of many Confucian classics in Xian and the same period to combine Han and Song Dynasties. Most of them are based on the study of specialized classics and summarize the study of Han and Song Classics from different aspects. Chen Li, on the other hand, made a general comment on the group classics and made a systematic and focused choice on the study of Confucian classics in Han and Song Dynasties. The primary point of Chen Li's comprehensive study of Confucian classics in Han and Song Dynasties is to resolutely safeguard the classic status of the Thirteen Classics. The determination of Confucian classics has gone through a long process. Confucians in the Western Han Dynasty took Yi, Shu, Shi, Li and Chunqiu as the "Five Classics", and the other seven of the Thirteen Classics were also widely learned. It was not until the Song Dynasty that the name of Thirteen Classics was established. It can be said that the selection of Thirteen Classics by Song people was originally the inheritance and development of Confucian Classics in Han Dynasty. Since Zhang Xuecheng advocated "Six Classics" in the first place, Gong Zizhen advocated "Correcting the Six Classics" in the second place, and modern scholars despised ancient classics, the authoritative position of some Confucian classics faced strong challenges. Fundamentally speaking, the biography, notes and sub-books in the Thirteen Classics were upgraded to "Classics" because of their important value in the Confucian theoretical system. the Chen Dynasty