Characteristics of Wen Tong Painting Bamboo in Song Dynasty

Wen Tong was a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word "He Neng" was named Mr. Xiaoxiao, a Taoist in Jinjiang, and was called Mr. Shishi. Zizhou Yongtai (now Yanting East, Sichuan) was born. After taking the Jinshi, Yuan Feng first came to know Huzhou through the official Qiongzhou and Yangzhou, but he died before taking office, so he was called "Wen Huzhou". Noble and noble, capable of poetry and writing, good at seal cutting, Li, line, grass and flying white. I have studied cursive for ten years, but I don't have to use a pen. Later, when I saw the snake fighting on the road, I understood its mystery. He is particularly good at painting bamboo, painting bamboo leaves with deep ink as the surface and light ink as the back, and advocates that painting bamboo should be "thoughtful" first. Rewrite the students, there are many bamboos in Yangzhou. If you look at them from time to time, you can draw exquisite bamboos, which has the reputation of "full of natural and unrestrained posture and forced to show off". Su Shi and He are cousins, and bamboo painting is influenced by them. They appreciate Mei Zhu Shi: "Beauty lies in cold, thinness in bamboo and ugliness in stone. They are friends of the three benefits." Said his pen "can be wonderful at the same time." Huang Tingjian's "Bamboo Upstream" is titled "Breaking the Cave of Nature". Later generations drew many kinds of bamboos. During Zhenwu period of Yuan Dynasty, biographies of 25 Song and Yuan painters who studied bamboo painting techniques were collected and compiled into a book "Hu Wenhu Bamboo School". He is also good at drawing old wood, which has the effect of "cutting teeth". Even when I wrote about landscapes, Huang Tingjian said, "Handsome as a king's pen, with no less effort." . Handed down works include the axis of "Zhu Mo Map" recorded in "Three Hundred Paintings in the Forbidden City"; Zhu Mo Map, a silk book, is priced at He Ke, which was bound with Su Shi's Dead Wood and Bamboo Stone Map in Yuan Dynasty and is now in Shanghai Museum. And the axis of the map of Zhu Mo, which is a silk copy without money. There are two seals "Quiet Room" and "Wen Ketong", which are now in the Guangdong Provincial Museum. Author of Dan Yuan Ji.

Bamboo has always been loved by ancient literati because of its "gregarious, independent and fearless" character and the symbolic meaning of "modest gentleman". In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, as long as Wang Ziyou stayed in one place for more than three days, he ordered people to plant bamboo and said, "How can there be no such king for a day?" In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi also wrote a poem "Without bamboo, people can be vulgar".

As early as the Tang Dynasty, bamboo has become an independent painting theme. Xiao Yue and Cheng Xiuji in the Tang Dynasty, Li Furen in Guo Chongtao in the Five Dynasties, Huang Quan in Houshu, Xu Xi in the Southern Tang Dynasty and Li Yu, the late master, all had works of Mozhu. Although Wen Tong was not the first person to write bamboo in ink, he was able to surpass his predecessors. Create a famous "Huzhou Bamboo School" in painting circles. As Li Li, a famous bamboo painter in the Yuan Dynasty, commented: "Huwen Lake finally came out, and from that day on, the fire went out; When the yellow bell rang, the pottery kettle lost its sound. "

This "Ink Bamboo Map" is his masterpiece.

In fact, Wentong has never been to Huzhou, but he was ordered to know Huzhou in his later years, but he died before taking office. However, his ink painting and bamboo painting have become famous all over the world, and there are many literati, especially Zhenwu in Yuan Dynasty. Collected biographies of 25 Song and Yuan painters who studied bamboo together, and compiled a book, Wenhuzhou Bamboo School, which showed the strength of his school to the world. The famous Su Dongpo, his cousin and a student of bamboo painting, also promoted him in many ways, so "Wen Heke" became the ancestor of painting.

On the picture, a bamboo pole hangs upside down, and several clusters of new leaves float in the air, such as flying phoenix spreading its wings and swaying in the wind, as if to compete with the wind. The pitch is far away but not obvious, and the branches are thick and elastic, which fully shows the tender nodes of the new branches. Bamboo leaves are scattered and rolled freely by the wind, full of vitality. As "Illustration and Information" said, Wen is the same as Wen. "The posture is full of natural and unrestrained, forcing a show, suspicious winds can move, and there are no bamboo shoots to make."

Wen Tong is good at all kinds of fonts. From this painting, we can easily see the traces of the author's use of calligraphy and painting. He used light ink instead of double hooks to fill in the colors, and he made the abstract features of calligraphy arbitrary without losing the statutes. The branches in the middle of the song move forward, and the meat wears the backbone, which has the brushwork of "Yan Gu". The bamboo leaves are sharp and the cursive script is quite capable. Wentong also uses cursive script to show the tendency of leaves turning in the wind, which is vivid and accurate, and makes people feel like the rustling of the wind through the bamboo forest.