Zhu Yuanzhang (1328— 1398) was an outstanding politician and strategist of the feudal landlord class in ancient China. That is Ming Taizu, Emperor Hongwu, the founding monarch of the Ming Dynasty. The boy's name was Chongba, also known as Xingzong, and later renamed Bird, whose name was Guo Rui, and he was from Haozhou Zhongli (now Fengyang, Anhui). Zhu Yuanzhang is the only founding emperor in the history of China who fought in the south and fought in the north to establish a dynasty. He is also the only founding emperor who came from a humble and poor peasant family, and the only founding emperor who worked as a beggar and a monk successively, so he is very legendary. Some people say that he is "a hero who came out of the cracks in history." His unique civilian temperament and inferiority complex have been accompanied by his life as a king. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in a poor family since childhood. His parents and brothers died of the plague, and he was helpless. He used to beg for a living and later became a monk in Huang Jue Temple. In a few years, the people will rally to revolt. 1352 will join the Guo Zixing Red Scarf Army, take part in the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, lead the troops to fight, and be sure to attack. Guo Zixing died on 1355, and was appointed as the left deputy marshal by his successor Han Liner. In the second year of Longfeng (1356), he captured Qing Ji (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) in one fell swoop, renamed Yingtianfu, and built a province in the south of the Yangtze River, called Wu Guogong; Abolish some tyrannical policies of the Yuan Dynasty and order the generals to open up wasteland. Later, he accepted the advice of Zhu Sheng, a counselor, "Build a high wall, accumulate a wide grain, and be king slowly", and accumulated and expanded his military strength. Xuan defeated the Chen Youliang Rebel Army, and in the tenth year of Longfeng (1364), he wiped out its remnants and renamed it the King of Wu. The following year, the separatist forces of another rebel army, Zhang Shicheng, were eliminated, and Xu Da was immediately taken as the general to send troops to the Northern Expedition and attack the Yuan Dynasty (now Beijing). 1368, Yingtian was chosen as the capital, and he ascended the throne as the emperor, with Daming as the founding name and Hongwu as the year name. Six months after Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, the Northern Expeditionary Army conquered Dadu and Yuan died. Since then, we have continued to gradually unify the whole country. After the national reunification, Zhu Yuanzhang took a series of measures to strengthen the rule of feudal absolutism, which provided favorable conditions for the recovery and development of social economy; Reform the central and local administrative agencies, abolish the Ministry of Books and the Prime Minister, and set up six departments, which are directly responsible by the emperor; "A bird hides its bow, a rabbit dies and a dog cooks", burning down the Qing Palace building, killing heroes at will, and setting up a literary inquisition (such as the case of Hu and Lan Yu), which played a serious role in restraining the cultural thought in the early Ming Dynasty. But he loves couplets and is known as the "son of heaven".
Ma Huanghou (1332— 1382) was the wife of Zhu Yuanzhang after the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Commonly known as Ma Xiuying, Anhui Suzhou people. Rebelling against ethical codes and not binding feet is also called "Ma Dajiao". History books record that she is "wise and has a good history of books". She was praised by the people, respected by later generations and recognized by historians. She is kind and simple, observes people's feelings, assists Bi Mingjun, brings peace and stability to the country, and helps her husband conquer the world, sit in the world, share weal and woe with her husband, and establish the country and govern the country. It can be said that she devoted all her efforts and made great contributions. Many interesting allusions, such as "showing the cloven foot" and "reversing the word" Fu ",are also said to come from her deeds. Ma Huanghou lost his mother in his early years, and his fortune fell. He was adopted as an adopted daughter by Mr. and Mrs. Guo Zixing. When Guo was a marshal of the peasant uprising army, he was in charge of power and married Zhu Yuanzhang, a general who was brave and brave. However, Guo is short-tempered and narrow-minded. On one occasion, at the instigation of others, Zhu was locked up and refused to eat. The kind and loving Ma Shi stole some hot cakes that had just been baked, and immediately held them in his arms and gave them to Zhu Yuanzhang, so that he didn't feel burnt. She usually prepares dry food and bacon for Zhu, but she often goes to bed hungry. In the era when Zhu Yuanzhang led the troops to fight, Ma led the soldiers' wives and concubines to be stationed in Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), sewing the clothes, shoes and socks of military supplies and doing a good job in logistics. One day, another rebel soldier Chen Youliang who was hostile to Zhu came to the city. Many officials and people were frightened and prepared to flee. At the critical moment of panic, Ma remained as cool as a cucumber and "earned all the money in the palace", which stabilized the morale of the army and played an important role in Zhu Yuanzhang's victory. Ma personally eradicated a cult and beheaded Li Bing, the arrogant evil general for Zhu Yuanzhang. During Zhu Yuanzhang's years of pacifying the world and establishing Emperor Industry, Ma lived in the military camp with him in adversity and actively helped her husband achieve great things. Therefore, after becoming emperor, Zhu has always been very respectful and grateful to her, and she has often listened carefully and adopted her suggestions. Zhu Yuanzhang tried to visit her relatives several times in order to give her an official reward, but Ma Huanghou politely stopped her. Ma Huanghou was active and diligent in internal governance, so the phenomenon of exclusive rights of consorts rarely appeared in the Ming Dynasty. Ma Huanghou is very generous. He personally chooses the queen for her husband. According to historical records, most of the queens in the Song Dynasty were virtuous, so Ma compiled a book on the family law of the Song Dynasty for the queens to study day and night, so that most of the queens in the Ming Dynasty were virtuous. Zhu Yuanzhang is cruel. In order to keep Zhu Jiazi's children and grandchildren's dominant position in the future, he kept looking for excuses to slaughter heroes and talents. Always tactfully advised him to try his best to save him, which made Zhu somewhat stiff. For example, Song Lian, a great scholar who used to be the master of the Crown Prince, was involved in the Hu case, nine families, jailed and beheaded; Song Lian was not spared and was sentenced to death. Ma pleaded in person without permission. She specifically ordered that there should be no meat dishes for dinner that day. Zhu Yuanzhang was puzzled. Answer that he was paying homage to Song Lian, so that Zhu was moved and pardoned Odbo on the monkey. Ma Huanghou, the mother of the world and the supreme tool, has always maintained the frugal style of the past. "Clothes are not gorgeous, food is not extravagant, help the victims and help orphans." Old clothes washed on weekdays are reluctant to throw away if they are broken; And teach the concubines not to forget the hardships of raising silkworms. In case of famine, she also led officials to eat inferior vegetable rice and observed the sufferings of the people.
In the fifteenth year of Hongwu (138), Ma Huanghou died at the age of 5 1 year. When her life was dying and Zhu Yuanzhang sought medical treatment everywhere, she also considered the safety of others and repeatedly said to Zhu: "Human life is a matter of heaven. Do you have to blame the doctor if the medicine doesn't work? " On her deathbed, she told Zhu Yuanzhang that "seeking wisdom can be trained, and be cautious to the end", and wished that "all children and grandchildren have wisdom and their subjects have their place"; He also instructed the princes and princesses to "get rich, know that it is not easy to raise silkworms and farm fields, and cherish what is for the people in the world." In order to remember her forever, Zhu decided not to stand behind. Zhu Yuanzhang once compared Ma Huanghou's virtue with his grandson's empress, saying that "a good wife is at home, but a good phase still exists".